南昌市登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊密度、抗药性及病原体携带监测研究

目的 掌握南昌地区白纹伊蚊密度、季节消长规律、登革热病毒携带以及对常用杀虫剂的抗药性程度,为合理选择和使用杀虫剂,科学防控登革热提供科学依据。方法 采用WHO推荐的幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒法分别测定白纹伊蚊幼虫和成蚊的抗药性;密度监测:成蚊采用双层叠帐法,幼虫分别采用布雷图指数法(BI)、勺舀法和路径指数法;白纹伊蚊登革热病毒携带检测采用RT-PCR核酸检测。结果 2018年南昌地区白纹伊蚊成蚊呈单峰活动趋势,活动最高峰为6月份,全年平均帐诱指数为2.76只/(顶·h),平均布雷图指数(BI)为6.18,平均路径指数为4.67处/km,居民区帐诱指数、BI和路径指数远高于工地和公园生境。白纹伊蚊成蚊对溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯产生抗性,对马拉硫磷、氯菊酯、杀螟硫磷和残杀威表现敏感;白纹伊蚊幼虫除对溴氰菊酯表现为敏感外,对DDVP等其他6种杀虫剂分别表现出不同的抗性,抗性倍数处于9.09~76.19之间。南昌地区野外品系白纹伊蚊未检测到登革热病毒。结论 一旦有登革热病例的输入,南昌地区存在登革热传播风险, 应停用已产生高度抗药性的氯氰菊酯、残杀威等杀虫剂,重点清除居民区生境内白纹伊蚊孳生地,及时根据监测结果评估登革热发生或流行的风险,可为南昌地区登革热疫情的预测预警提供科学依据。     

2021年宁波市白纹伊蚊监测结果分析

目的 分析2021年宁波市白纹伊蚊密度、分布和杀虫剂抗性,为制定登革热防控策略提供科学依据。方法2021年4—11月,于宁波市各县(市、区)均随机选取4个行政村入户调查伊蚊幼虫种群密度,计算布雷图指数(Breteau Index,BI);于各县(市、区)分别选择居民区、公园/竹林、旧轮胎堆放地/废品站/工地等3类生境开展成蚊种群密度调查。2021年6月,于2018年宁波市登革热疫点采集自然品系白纹伊蚊幼虫,经实验室饲养后,分别选取幼虫和未吸血雌蚊开展抗药性实验,对照组蚊虫为白纹伊蚊杀虫剂敏感品系。其中幼虫以浸渍法测定对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、残杀威、双硫磷和敌敌畏抗药性,计算半数致死浓度(medium lethal concentration,LC₅₀)和抗性倍数(resistance ratio,RR);成虫以接触筒法测定对高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、残杀威和马拉硫磷抗药性,计算死亡率。结果 2021年宁波市累计调查9 935户10 072个小型积水容器,其中伊蚊幼虫阳性容器1 276个,平均BI为12.89;共布帐1422顶,捕获雌性白纹伊蚊954只,平均...     

白纹伊蚊卵储存方法探讨

白纹伊蚊是传播登革热及登革出血热等多种虫媒病毒性疾病的主要媒介之一,其分布广泛,种群数量大,活动季节长,嗜吸人血,被认为是重要的病媒蚊种,也是用于虫媒传染病研究较好的实验品系。为了提高储存白纹伊蚊卵的孵化率及化蛹率,作者在实验室进行了白纹伊蚊卵的储存方法探讨。     

白纹伊蚊卵储存方法探讨

白纹伊蚊是传播登革热及登革出血热等多种虫媒病毒性疾病的主要媒介之一，其分布广泛，种群数量大，活动季节长，嗜吸人血，被认为是重要的病媒蚊种，也是用于虫媒传染病研究较好的实验品系。为了提高储存白纹伊蚊卵的孵化率及化蛹率，作者在实验室进行了白纹伊蚊卵的储存方法探讨。     

2010年石狮市一起输入性登革热疫情调查

登革热是由登革热病毒引起的急性蚊媒传染病,主要通过埃及伊蚊或白纹伊蚊叮咬传播。我省多为白纹伊蚊传播。     

2020年南京市登革热输入风险及蚊媒本地传播风险评估

目的 了解南京市2020年登革热病例输入风险和蚊媒本地传播风险,为登革热本地传播防控策略的制定提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2015-2019年南京市登革热流行情况进行分析,通过实验和现场调查等方式收集南京市登革热蚊媒密度、抗药性和控制效果数据并用定性方法进行风险分析和评估。结果 6-11月为南京市登革热发病高峰期,登革热蚊媒幼虫和成蚊密度高峰期分别为7月和9月,白纹伊蚊对5种常用杀虫剂均已出现抗药性,蚊媒应急处置点平均处置次数10.3次,规范化处置达标率为55.56%。结论 南京市2020年仍会出现输入性登革热病例,7-9月是本地传播和流行的高峰期,要加强口岸和医院管理,科学、规范地使用杀虫剂开展登革热蚊媒应急处置,建立动态分级预警系统,科学防控登革热疫情。     

白纹伊蚊对登革热病毒易感性研究

白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)是登革热的主要传播媒介之一,分布于世界各地.白纹伊蚊的易感性主要涉及白纹伊蚊和登革病毒之间的相互作用.该文主要从遗传效应和环境因子方面对白纹伊蚊种群遗传、生理遗传、环境因素对虫媒病毒传播的影响及控制易感性的基因等研究进行综述.     

合成除虫菊类对白纹伊蚊幼虫的毒力

本文报道数种天然及人工合成的除虫菊类杀幼剂对白纹伊蚊的毒力,寻找新的杀虫剂来防制东南亚及西太洋地区登革出血热的媒介白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊,因为它们对过去常用的有机氯和有机磷杀虫剂产生了抗药性。用实验室里饲养的白纹伊蚊,以浸液法,在玻璃杯内量好雨酮溶液的杀虫剂100毫升,放入四龄幼虫20只,浸液处理24小时后,观察其死亡率,用机率分析法求得LC_(50)、LC_(90)     

用昆虫生长调节剂Hexaflumuron对白纹伊蚊的孽生进行控制

白纹伊蚊是亚洲一些国家和地区登革热的重要媒介,在印度的Kanpur区,很多病例中都可分离到登革4型病毒,一些地区的血清流行病学调查中,登革病毒的中和抗体也常能测出。白纹伊蚊在印度城乡地区广泛分     

2010年石狮市一起输人性登革热疫情调查

登革热是由登革热病毒引起的急性蚊媒传染病,主要通过埃及伊蚊或白纹伊蚊叮咬传播.我省多为白纹伊蚊传播[1].自20世纪70年代以来,登革热广泛流行于全球热带和亚热带地区,其中东南亚、美洲加勒比海地区多呈地方性流行,疫情较为严重[2-3].世界卫生组织估计每年大概有5000万人发病.在我国、福建省登革热主要是输入性病例或由之所引起.本省地处亚热带,长夏无冬,雨水量充沛,适合白纹伊蚊生繁殖,且紧邻东南亚国家,民众频繁往来,易造成感染者的输入,如果处置不及时,则可造成输入性流行.现将2010年石狮市的4例输人性病例及其流行病学调查结果报告如下.     

First detection of a putative knockdown resistance gene in major mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is the major vector of Chikungunya fever and the secondary vector of dengue fever. We collected Ae. albopictus from Singapore and performed genotyping assay to detect mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel, which is the target site of pyrethroid insecticides. We detected an amino acid substitution, F1534C, which is suspected to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Of the collected mosquitoes, 53.8% were homozygous for this mutation, and the allele frequency of this mutation was estimated to be 73.1%. No kdr mutation was detected in the 5 other loci of domains II and IV. This is the first evidence for the presence of the kdr gene in Ae. albopictus, and our findings highlight the need for studying the global distribution of this allele in this important vector insect.     

2020年江苏省伊蚊监测结果分析

目的 了解2020年江苏省伊蚊种群密度季节消长及对常用杀虫剂的抗药性,为虫媒传染病防治提供依据。方法2020年5—10月,在江苏省南部常州市新北区和苏州市张家港市、中部南通市海安市和盐城市盐都区、北部徐州市睢宁县和宿迁市泗洪县各选取1个自然村作为监测点,在6个监测点各选1处定点小型积水容器,每月上、下旬分别采用吸管采集伊蚊幼虫1次。所采集幼虫在实验室内饲养至成蚊后进行种群鉴定。此外,在6个监测点各选择30户居民家庭,检查室内外所有小型积水容器幼虫孳生情况,并采用布雷图指数(BI)法计算幼虫密度。在常州市金坛区翠园新村周围采集白纹伊蚊幼虫,在实验室饲养至子1代,采用成蚊接触筒强迫接触法测定雌性成蚊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、马拉硫磷、残杀威等4种常用杀虫剂的敏感性。结果 2020年在江苏省6个监测点定点小型积水容器内共捕获伊蚊幼虫1 165条,羽化后经鉴定均为白纹伊蚊,7月捕获伊蚊幼虫数量最多。在6个监测点累计调查1 152户居民家庭,5—10月伊蚊幼虫平均BI值分别为9.58、13.20、13.71、13.20、12.18和5.58;常州市新北区伊蚊传播风险较高,其BI值高于睢宁县(H=...     

Vectors of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever with advances in their control

The most important vector of dengue in the Western Pacific Region is Ae. aegypti. On some occasions, Ae. albopictus, Ae. polynesiensis and several other species of the Ae. scutellaris complex have been suspected vectors in localities where Ae. aegypti was not found. Long-term vector control by the use of insecticides has been expensive and difficult to achieve. However, spray equipment and ULV insecticides have been obtained in many places for emergency use during outbreaks, and Abate larviciding also has been used in high-risk localities to help prevent outbreaks. Obtaining greater community participation supported by intensified health education and other acceptable measures is considered an important approach for achieving improved long-term control. Developing an acceptable and effective cover for domestic water storage containers is also recognized as a potentially important tool for suppressing vector populations.     

白纹伊蚊经口感染、刺叮传播和经卵传递登革病毒的实验研究

为评价白纹伊蚊在我国传播登革病毒 (DEN)的媒介效能和了解自然界蚊媒体内病毒的保存机制 ,应用 C6 / 36细胞培养结合间接荧光抗体试验 (IFA) ,研究证明经口感染 DEN的白纹伊蚊 ,不仅对 DEN有较高的感染率 (32 .1%— 32 .8% ) ,而且通过直接叮咬敏感乳鼠 ,也能传播 DEN。对感染♀蚊的子 1和子 2代♀♂成蚊分别进行全蚊匀浆病毒分离和直接叮咬乳鼠法检测 ,也证明白纹伊蚊能经卵传递 DEN,至少可传 2代以上。说明白纹伊蚊对 DEN能起较大的媒介效能。且在维持 DEN的自然循环中 ,也起重要作用     

Epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural Indonesia. III. Entomological studies.

Entomological studies were carried out during a dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Central Java in December 1976. Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were widely distributed in Bantul, but the latter species was more abundant. Comparative studies on the vector competence of the two species showed that Ae. albopictus had a higher susceptibility than Ae. aegypti to oral infection with all four dengue serotypes. The two species were equally compentent in transmitting the Bantul strain of dengue 3 virus after parenteral infection. The data suggest that Ae. albopictus could have been an important vector in this epidemic, but no direct observations were obtained to define the respective contribution of either Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti.     

Entomological investigation and control of a chikungunya cluster in Singapore

In August 2008, a team from the National Environmental Agency conducted an entomological investigation of a chikungunya cluster in Singapore, with the primary aim of identifying the vector responsible for the outbreak and to assess the vector control operation. A total of 173 adult mosquitoes were caught using both the sweep-net method and the BG Sentinel Traps in and around the affected workers' quarters. Of these, 120 (69.4%) were Aedes albopictus and the rest were Culex quinquefasciatus. More than 2700 Ae. albopictus larvae were also collected from 33 breeding habitats detected. No Aedes aegypti was found. During the preintervention period, 6 (8.4%) out of 71 adult female Ae. albopictus were found positive for the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Vector control measures resulted in a 90% reduction of adult Ae. albopictus caught by BG Sentinel Traps. Postintervention surveillance revealed the presence of CHIKV-positive mosquitoes. These findings led to continued intensive vector control operation in the affected area that further reduced vector population and interrupted the transmission of the disease. The E1 gene sequence of the CHIKV was identical to those of CHIKV isolated from human chikungunya cases working in the affected area, and contained the A226V mutation. The incrimination of Ae. albopictus as a major vector involved in the transmission of A226V CHIKV had led to the revision of chikungunya control strategy in Singapore. This study suggests the benefit of a vector control program that includes the evaluation of control measures in conjunction to virological surveillance in vector population.     

Application of an alternative Aedes species (Diptera: culicidae) surveillance method in Botucatu City, Sao Paulo, Brazil

One of the main problems with dengue is the control of Aedes aegypti, its major vector. In Brazil, the current control program for Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations includes larval density surveys. An interesting alternative is the use of a distinct index, the Premise Condition Index (PCI). This tool relates conditions of property, such as houses and yards, and the degree of shade with the occurrence of Aedes sp. oviposition, and is calculated as scores from 3 to 9. The lowest score indicates property in good condition and an unfavorable breeding environment, while the highest score indicates property at high risk for infestation by Aedes sp. The present study is based on the application of the PCI in an urban area of Botucatu, Brazil to confirm its effectiveness.     

我国蚊媒研究概况

蚊类不仅吸血骚扰,而且传播多种严重疾病。本文就我国疟疾媒介鉴定及基因特征,登革热媒介白纹伊蚊基因特征与易感性做了综述,并就淋巴丝虫病媒介与乙脑媒介做了概要。