肠道菌群代谢物在心血管疾病中的作用

肠道菌群在人体疾病的发生发展中具有重要作用。肠道菌群代谢宿主摄入饮食形成的代谢产物,穿透肠上皮屏障或以其他方式进入体循环,进而激活一系列信号通路影响宿主生理过程。肠道菌群代谢物多种多样,各种代谢物如何进入体循环影响心血管系统及其在心血管疾病中发挥作用的分子机制,目前已有大量研究报道。本文就几种常见肠道菌群代谢物在高血压、动脉粥样硬化及心力衰竭等心血管疾病中的作用和分子机制进行综述,为心血管疾病的治疗提供新的方向。     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病的研究进展

<正>肠道菌群被喻为人体的"微生物器官",参与、辅助宿主能量代谢,调节先天与获得性免疫,构成人体肠道的生物学屏障〔1〕。研究显示,肠道菌群结构紊乱不仅与消化系统、内分泌系统、肿瘤等疾病相关,而且与心血管疾病的发生相关。肠道菌群可能通过参与调解宿主胆固醇代谢、氧化应激和炎症导致动脉粥样硬化发生,从而促进心血管疾病的发生、发展。1肠道菌群概述人体携带细菌数量1014,基因数量300万个,是人类自身基因的100倍,总重量1.275 kg,其中1.0 kg细菌寄居在胃肠     

肠道菌群——心血管疾病中医药调节的新靶点

肠道菌群在人类的健康维护与疾病发展中有重要的作用,其结构和功能的失调与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、肥胖、高血压病、冠心病等心血管疾病的发生密切相关;其代谢产物氧化三甲胺(TMAO)的增加也被认为是影响心血管疾病预后的一个独立危险因素。系统阐述肠道菌群及其代谢产物在心血管疾病发病机制中的作用,结合中医药对肠道菌群干预的研究进展,提出中医药靶向调节肠道菌群及其代谢产物,可能成为未来心血管疾病中医药研究的新方向。     

肠道菌群-TMA-TMAO代谢途径与心血管疾病的研究进展

肠道菌群紊乱与心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。肠道微生物利用富含胆碱或三甲胺(TMA)结构的物质代谢生成氧化三甲胺(TMAO),而TMAO在心血管疾病如冠心病、动脉粥样硬化、高血压等的发生和发展中起着重要作用。该文就TMAO与心血管疾病关系和肠道菌群-TMA-TMAO代谢途径干预方法的研究进展进行综述。     

心肠对话:肠道菌群在心血管疾病中的作用

心血管疾病(CVD)是对人类健康构成极大威胁的一类疾病,其发生、发展往往受遗传与环境的多种因素影响。肠道菌群是人体内数目最大的菌群库,影响宿主的生理代谢,近年来肠道菌群与宿主间的相互作用逐渐受到重视。肠道微生物群在人类健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用,许多研究证实了肠道菌群及其代谢产物可从血脂异常、2型糖尿病、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭等多个方面影响CVD。因此,以肠道菌群作为CVD治疗靶点的方案值得探索。本文将对肠道菌群在CVD发病机制中的作用及通过调节肠道菌群治疗CVD的方法进行系统综述。     

部分天然药物通过调节肠道胆固醇代谢途径防治心血管疾病的作用机制

肠道胆固醇代谢与心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关,调控肠道胆固醇代谢平衡可有效降低心血管事件。天然药物通过调控肠道胆固醇的吸收与转运、调节菌群平衡等途径有效改善肠道胆固醇代谢水平。文章对近年来天然药物调控肠道胆固醇代谢抑制心血管疾病的作用与机制进行了综述,以期为脂代谢紊乱所致心血管疾病的防治提供借鉴。     

“肠心轴”交互调控在冠心病中的研究进展

冠状动脉性心脏病(CHD)被认为是危害人类健康的重大公共问题。人体胃肠系统含有多种多样的微生物群落,这一复杂、动态的系统与宿主相互作用,对维持宿主健康和疾病状态起着重要作用。尽管降脂药物和血运重建术已取得重大进展,但CHD的发病率和死亡率仍逐年上升。已被证明肠道菌群及其代谢产物与心血管疾病的发生发展有关。本研究旨在讨论肠道微生物及其代谢产物在CHD发生、发展中的作用以及靶向肠道菌群在未来预防和治疗CHD中的可能作用。     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病

肠道菌群是一个数量庞大种类繁多的复杂生态系统,参与调节物质和能量代谢、机体免疫、组织器官发育等重要的生理过程,其结构和功能的稳态失调参与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心肌梗死、心力衰竭以及心律失常等心血管疾病的发生发展。本文旨在阐明肠道菌群及相关代谢产物与心血管疾病研究的新进展,为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路,为未来开展肠道菌群与心血管疾病的研究指明发展方向。     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病相关:现状与未来

肠道菌群组成、特异性菌种或菌群的变化与各类疾病的发生有密切的相关性.本文系统阐述了肠道菌群失调与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞和心力衰竭等心血管疾病的相关性,肠道菌群的种类变化和可能的致病机制,肠道菌群失调可能是促进心血管疾病发生的原因之一.调控肠道菌群有望作为心血管疾病的潜在治疗新靶点,如应用抗生素降低血压、益生菌调节高脂血症和降压;采用干扰肠道菌群代谢活性的药物,如降低氧化三甲胺水平来防治心血管疾病,通过地中海式饮食来预防心血管疾病.     

肠道菌群失调与心血管疾病及其中医药调控研究进展

心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率正随着人口老龄化及城镇化的推进而呈持续升高之势,严重威胁人类的生命健康安全。心血管疾病的起病及病程进展受多种因素影响,肠道菌群失调作为其中之一吸引了众多目光。肠道菌群是存在于胃肠道内与人体互利共生的微生物群,越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群与心血管疾病相互影响,二者互为因果,通过调节肠道菌群靶向干预心血管疾病可成为新的治疗思路。现代研究发现中药复方、中药单体及针灸可有效纠正肠道菌群紊乱,上调益生菌数量,恢复肠道屏障功能,减轻炎症反应。基于上述研究,该文总结了肠道菌群及其代谢产物与心血管疾病之间的相互作用,还对部分中医药调控肠道菌群,恢复肠道菌群动态平衡,从肠治心,干预心血管疾病的治疗作用进行了归纳,以期为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路和可行性方案。     

肠道菌群和心血管疾病的免疫调节

心血管疾病是人类健康的第一杀手,发病率和死亡率逐年增加。数万亿微生物寄居于人类肠道,在心血管疾病及其相关的代谢、免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。先天性和适应性免疫机制都参与了心血管疾病的发生发展,菌群组分和代谢产物可调节巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的分化及功能,并通过循环系统影响机体免疫稳态。本文将通过肠道菌群及其代谢产物与免疫系统的相互作用,讨论肠道菌群与心血管疾病发展之间潜在的免疫机制,为预防和治疗心血管疾病提供新思路。     

肠道菌群代谢产物与胰岛素抵抗相关衰老疾病的研究进展

2型糖尿病(T2DM)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)都是与年龄相关的衰老性疾病,二者存在多种共同危险因素.肠道微生物通过多种代谢产物参与胰岛素生理机能的调控过程,在胰岛素抵抗(IR)发生发展中发挥重要的作用.该文从IR的角度,对肠道菌群代谢产物与T2DM及AD发病机制的内在联系作一综述.     

Gut microbiota and allergic diseases in children

The gut microbiota resides in the human gastrointestinal tract, where it plays an important role in maintaining host health. The human gut microbiota is established by the age of 3 years. Studies have revealed that an imbalance in the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, occurs due to factors such as cesarean delivery and antibiotic use before the age of 3 years and that dysbiosis is associated with a higher risk of future onset of allergic diseases. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing methods have revealed the presence of dysbiosis in patients with allergic diseases, which increases attention on the relationship between dysbiosis and the development of allergic diseases. However, there is no unified perspective on the characteristics on dysbiosis or the mechanistic link between dysbiosis and the onset of allergic diseases. Here, we introduce the latest studies on the gut microbiota in children with allergic diseases and present the hypothesis that dysbiosis characterized by fewer butyric acid-producing bacteria leads to fewer regulatory T cells, resulting in allergic disease. Further studies on correcting dysbiosis for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases are warranted.     

Far from the Eyes,Close to the Heart: Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Consequences

These days, the gut microbiota is universally recognized as an active organ that can modulate the overall host metabolism by promoting multiple functions, from digestion to the systemic maintenance of overall host physiology. Dysbiosis, the alteration of the complex ecologic system of gut microbes, is associated with and causally responsible for multiple types of pathologies. Among the latters, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity are each distinguishable by a unique gut microbiota profile. Interestingly, the specific microbiota typically found in the blood of diabetic patients also has been observed at the level of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we report evidence from the literature, as well as a few controversial reports, regarding the putative role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which are common comorbidities of metabolic dysfunction.     

蠕虫及肠道原虫感染与肠道菌群关系研究进展

肠道菌群是人体最大最复杂的生态系统,与肠道病毒和寄生虫等共同栖息在人或动物肠道内。已有研究表明,肠道菌群紊乱与多种疾病的发生、发展及预后密切相关。定植在宿主体内的寄生虫可直接或间接影响肠道菌群及其与机体的相对稳态,而肠道菌群结构及多样性的改变也会影响寄生虫感染及疾病的发生、发展和预后。本文就蠕虫及肠道原虫与肠道菌群相互关系研究进展作一综述。     

Diagnostics and therapeutic implications of gut microbiota alterations in cardiometabolic diseases

Alterations in gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity are emerging as one of the most powerful determinants of cardiovascular disease. Although our knowledge of the precise molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences cardiometabolic homeostasis is still limited, a growing body of knowledge has recently been uncovered about the potential modulation of microbiome for cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The multitude of interactions between the microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract and the host has been recognized crucial in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Here, we summarize the role of gut microbiota in host physiology as well as in the pathophysiology of the most common cardio-metabolic disorders, discussing the potential therapeutic opportunities offered by interventions aimed at modifying microbiome composition and activity.     

肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展中的作用机制

非酒精性脂肪肝是代谢综合征的肝脏表现,可发展为肝硬化和肝癌。非酒精性脂肪肝的病因尚未明确,近年来宿主肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝的发生、发展及治疗中的作用越来越受到重视。目前认为人类肠道是一个内在重要的代谢及免疫器官,肠道微生物的组成可影响宿主代谢,改变肠道通透性,引起炎症及一系列免疫反应。本文就肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝的病理生理过程中的作用机制进行综述。     

Potential role of the gut microbiota in synthetic torpor and therapeutic hypothermia

Therapeutic hypothermia is today used in several clinical settings, among them the gut related diseases that are influenced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. This perspective paved the way to the study of hibernation physiology, in natural hibernators, highlighting an unexpected importance of the gut microbial ecosystem in hibernation and torpor. In natural hibernators, intestinal microbes adaptively reorganize their structural configuration during torpor, and maintain a mutualistic configuration regardless of long periods of fasting and cold temperatures. This allows the gut microbiome to provide the host with metabolites, which are essential to keep the host immunological and metabolic homeostasis during hibernation. The emerging role of the gut microbiota in the hibernation process suggests the importance of maintaining a mutualistic gut microbiota configuration in the application of therapeutic hypothermia as well as in the development of new strategy such as the use of synthetic torpor in humans. The possible utilization of tailored probiotics to mold the gut ecosystem during therapeutic hypothermia can also be taken into consideration as new therapeutic strategy.     

Effects of a high fat diet on intestinal microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases

Along with the rapid development of society, lifestyles and diets have gradually changed. Due to overwhelming material abundance, high fat, high sugar and high protein diets are common. Numerous studies have determined that diet and its impact on gut microbiota are closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases. Different dietary components affect gut microbiota, thus impacting gastrointestinal disease occurrence and development. A large number of related studies are progressing rapidly. Gut microbiota may be an important intermediate link, causing gastrointestinal diseases under the influence of changes in diet and genetic predisposition. To promote healthy gut microbiota and to prevent and cure gastrointestinal diseases, diets should be improved and supplemented with probiotics.     

Influence of fermented milk products,prebiotics and probiotics on microbiota composition and health

The gut microbiota is a highly diverse and relative stabile ecosystem increasingly recognized for its impact on human health. The homeostasis of microbes and the host is also referred to as eubiosis. In contrast, deviation from the normal composition, defined as dysbiosis, is often associated with localized diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or colonic cancer, but also with systemic diseases like metabolic syndrome and allergic diseases. Modulating a gut microbiota dysbiosis with nutritional concepts may contribute to improving health status, reducing diseases or disease symptoms or supporting already established treatments. The gut microbiota can be modulated by different nutritional concepts, varying from specific food ingredients to complex diets or by the ingestion of particular live microorganisms. To underpin the importance of bacteria in the gut, we describe molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between gut bacteria and the human host, and review the impact of different nutritional concepts such as pre-, pro- and synbiotics on the gastrointestinal ecosystem and their potential health benefits. The aim of this review is to provide examples of potential nutritional concepts that target the gut microbiota to support human physiology and potentially health outcomes.