胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤3例病理学特点分析

观察和分析3例胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤（DNT）的临床及病理学形态特征，并结合文献分析其临床病理学特点。结果发现DNT最常见的症状是长期癫痫；肿瘤局限于皮质；组织学呈“特征性的胶质神经元成分”；突触素及胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达阳性。认为DNT是一种少见的良性神经上皮性肿瘤，需与少突胶质细胞瘤、毛细胞性星形细胞瘤等鉴别。     

胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤临床病理特点

目的评价胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理特点及其治疗.方法分析我院2003年收治的经手术病理证实的2例胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理资料,并复习国内外相关文献.结果该病好发于青年女性,临床表现主要为上腹部肿物,腹痛,上腹不适等,无特异表现,超声、CT、MRI等影像学检查有诊断价值,最终诊断依靠病理学检查.本组2例均行手术切除,疗效满意.结论胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤为低度恶性肿瘤,预后较好,治疗首选手术切除.     

胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤临床病理特点

目的 评价胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理特点及其治疗。方法 分析我院2003年收治的经手术病理证实的2例胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤的临床病理资料，并复习国内外相关文献。结果 该病好发于青年女性，临床表现主要为上腹部肿物，腹痛，上腹不适等，无特异表现，超声、CT、MRI等影像学检查有诊断价值，最终诊断依靠病理学检查。本组2例均行手术切除，疗效满意。结论 胰腺囊实性乳头状上皮性肿瘤为低度恶性肿瘤，预后较好，治疗首选手术切除。     

腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗（附7例报告）

目的探讨腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法对7例腹膜后神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组查体发现2例,腰腹部疼痛不适5例（其中3例查体可触及肿物）,肿瘤直径4.7~12 cm,6例位于肾上腺区、1例位于右后盆壁。5例经腹手术切除肿物,1例经腰手术切除肿物,1例行后腹腔镜肿瘤探查、切除术。术后病理检查证实为神经鞘瘤。结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤缺乏特异临床表现,术前诊断困难,确诊依赖病理学检查,手术切除是有效治疗方法。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤15例诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床病理特点及诊治方法。方法对2004～2009年我院收治的均经手术和病理检查证实为胰腺囊性肿瘤的15例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例病人中浆液性囊腺瘤3例,黏液性囊腺瘤7例,囊腺癌5例。浆液性囊腺瘤较黏液瘤和囊腺癌小(P<0.05)。5例血清CAl99明显升高(胰腺囊腺癌4例,胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤1例)(正常参考范围1～39 u/L),提示CAl99是鉴别胰腺囊性肿瘤良恶性的较好标志物。5例肿物位于胰头部,1例肿物位于胰体部,2例肿物位于胰体尾部,7例肿物位于胰尾部。全部病人均接受了手术治疗。肿物位于胰头者行胰、十二指肠切除术5例;肿物位于胰体者行胰腺节段切除加胰腺远端空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例;肿物位于胰体尾者行肿物摘除术2例;肿物位于胰尾者行肿物摘除术2例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾及脾切除术2例,胰体尾切除、脾切除及肝转移瘤切除术1例。与病理诊断相比,术前诊断误诊率26.7%,手术术中诊断误诊率20%。全组无围手术期死亡者,预后良好。结论临床中胰腺囊性肿瘤的病史询问,病理学特征,B超及CT检查,囊液分析及组织活检有助于明确诊断,手术切除是唯一有效的治疗方法,疗效满意。     

原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊疗分析

目的探讨原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法对我院50例原发性纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 50例患者均经手术治疗,术后病理证实为原发性纵隔肿瘤。其中：胸腺肿瘤及囊肿26例,占52%;神经源性肿瘤12例,占24%;畸胎样瘤4例,占8%。全组均完整切除或大部切除,无手术相关严重并发症及死亡病例。结论在原发性纵隔肿瘤中,病率最高为胸腺肿瘤及囊肿,其次为神经源性肿瘤及畸胎样瘤。无论肿瘤良恶性,外科手术均是确诊及治疗的第一选择。     

结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变的处理策略

[目的]研究结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变的临床及病理特征,探讨外科治疗原则和策略。[方法]45例结直肠肿瘤患者术前经内镜病理活检均诊断为高级别上皮内瘤变者,其中1例行腹腔镜探查,2例扩肛肿瘤局部切除,1例扩肛局部切除后补充行Miles术,2例行姑息性肿瘤手术,余39例行根治性结直肠癌手术,并将手术标本与术前病理作比较。[结果]术后病理活检示45例中有3例仍为高级别上皮内瘤变;42例证实为腺癌,其中1例伴有肝转移,24例有淋巴结转移,17例无淋巴结转移。[结论]术前病理活检确诊的结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变的肿瘤与术后病理活检结果一致性较差,对于这类患者应予积极的外科处理。     

肝脏囊腺瘤的临床特征附8例临床分析

目的 探讨肝脏囊腺瘤的诊断及治疗方法,提高对本病的认识.方法 总结我院2006年1月～2009年8月收治的8例病理诊断为肝内胆管囊腺瘤病例的临床表现、影像学特点、外科手术治疗情况及术后病理结果,回顾性分析各诊断及治疗情况的优缺点. 结果 8例肝脏囊腺瘤患者均为女性,平均47.5岁,影像学肿瘤病灶4例位于左叶,4例位于右叶,7例表现为囊实性,1例表现为实性;8例患者均行手术切除治疗,其中2例行姑息性切除,6例完整切除,术后病理为肝内胆管囊腺瘤,2例行局部切除患者术后1年内复发.结论 肝脏囊腺瘤临床多好发于中年女性,临床表现不典型,术前易误诊,CT及MRI检查有助于术前评估,治疗上首选手术治疗,推荐囊肿全部切除加周围部分正常肝组织切除术,局部切除患者术后复发率100%.     

颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的临床特点与手术治疗

目的探讨颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的临床特点和手术治疗。方法回顾性分析15例颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。结果 15例肿瘤患者中,12例肿瘤全切除,2例大部分切除,1例部分切除。术中无死亡。术后神经系统功能障碍改善和恢复者13例,1例无明显变化,1例术后原有症状加重,经下胃管鼻饲及预防性气管切开治疗10d后拔管,恢复良好。术后随访显示肿瘤全切者无肿瘤复发,且KPS评分均有所提高。肿瘤残余者术后行放射治疗,控制良好。术后并发症以后组颅神经症状为主,经随访大部分患者可恢复。结论颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤临床表现多样,手术治疗是首选,术后积极控制并发症,预后良好。     

结肠混合性神经内分泌－非神经内分泌癌2例

分析2例结肠混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌癌(MiNEC)的临床病理特点及诊疗经过, 对MiNEC的诊断及治疗要点进行归纳总结。本报道中的2例MiNEC均为老年患者, 肿瘤较大、浸润较深, 合并周围淋巴结转移, 具有较强的侵袭性, 患者接受根治性手术治疗后均在1年内死亡。     

Progressive development of diffuse liver hemangiomatosis.

Diffuse liver hemangiomatosis is extremely rare. The etiology and natural history of the disease are unknown. It is also unclear whether tumor growth is induced or modulated by drug therapy. Tumor recurrence after ablative therapy has not been described in patients with diffuse liver hemangiomatosis. Diffuse hemangiomatosis of the left hepatic lobe was suspected in a 35-year-old woman by ultrasonography, CT and hepatic arteriography, and confirmed by laparotomy and biopsies. The patient denied any drug or estrogen use. The tumor was removed by left hepatectomy. Two and six years later, the patient was again hospitalized with progressive tumor growth into the right hepatic lobe. Although diffuse liver hemangiomatosis is a rare disease, its diagnosis should be considered in patients with progressive tumor growth in one or both hepatic lobes. The absence of drug intake or estrogen use does not exclude the diagnosis.     

Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver with tumor: technique and experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the technique and curative effects of complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver with tumors. METHODOLOGY: There were 18 patients with tumors in the caudate lobe of the liver in this study. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 12 patients, metastasis to the caudate lobe two years after resection of rectal carcinoma in one, cholangiocarcinoma in one, and huge benign tumor in four. Complete caudate lobectomy and combined with left lateral lobectomy or left hemihepatectomy or left trilobectomy were performed in this series. RESULTS: The median operating time was 227 min and median blood loss was 1590 mL, and the median blood transfusion was 1520 mL. No operative or postoperative mortality, or any postoperative complications were found in any of the patients. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were 58.3%, 55.5% and 37.8%, respectively. One patient with cholangiocarcinoma died in postoperative 4 months. One patient with metastatic rectal cancer has been alive for more than 5 years after the operation, and 4 patients with benign tumors are still alive and well. CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver should be the first choice for removal of huge tumors originating from the caudate lobe, although this procedure is quite difficult and has a high risk factor.     

Thyroid hemiagenesis and incidentally discovered papillary thyroid cancer: case report and review of the literature

Thyroid hemiagenesis (TH) is a rare congenital abnormality in which one thyroid lobe fails to develop. Its prevalence is uncertain, because the absence of one thyroid lobe does not usually cause clinical symptoms. The detection of TH is usually incidental when the evaluation of other thyroid disorders is requested. It is more frequently found in female than in male patients (3:1 ratio) and in the left lobe compared to the right lobe. We report the case of a 54-yr-old man, presenting with a large multinodular right-sided goiter, with mediastinal extension and dysphagia. Thyroid scan and ultrasound study showed the absence of the left lobe. The patient underwent surgery for compressive symptoms, and the operation confirmed the absence of the left lobe. Histological examination demonstrated a multi-nodular goiter with papillary carcinoma. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported case of association between TH and papillary thyroid carcinoma in a male patient, and the second in which the tumor arose in the right lobe.     

Diaphragmatic eventration : an uncommon presentation of a phrenic nerve schwannoma

We describe a patient who presented with a left lower lobe lung lesion suspicious for cancer with possible hilar involvement. Intraoperatively, we found a primary left phrenic nerve tumor, diaphragmatic eventration, and left lower lobe atelectasis. He was successfully treated with total excision of the tumor and plication of the diaphragm. Histopathology was consistent with schwannoma of the phrenic nerve. Diaphragmatic eventration is an uncommon presentation of a phrenic nerve schwannoma, which is itself a rarely occurring tumor. Surgical resection of the tumor and diaphragmatic plication is the primary modality of management in these patients.     

Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: one Egyptian center experience

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinoid tumors of the liver are rare and pose both a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Our aim was to study the diagnosis and treatment of primary hepatic carcinoid and to highlight its incidence in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in our series and review of literature. METHODOLOGY: Between March 1992 and May 2005, we managed 5 patients (1 male, 4 females) with primary hepatic carcinoid in our center. RESULTS: The main presentation was upper abdominal pain with palpable mass, while in one patient tumor was discovered accidentally, none of them had carcinoid syndrome. The tumors were located in the left lobe in one patient, caudate lobe in two patients and right lobe in two patients. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically with light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Four patients remain alive and disease free after follow-up of 72, 18, 16, and 4 months. One patient died after 11 years of follow-up with recurrence after 10 years, with mean follow-up of 45.2 +/- 53.1 months in May 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor is rare. It occurs on top of non-cirrhotic liver. Hepatic resection even in large-sized tumor is the treatment of choice.     

Right hepatic lobectomy and subsegmental resection of the left caudate lobe for gallbladder carcinoma involving the hepatic hilus: Preservation of the ventral portion of the left caudate lobe

A case of gallbladder carcinoma in a 75-year-old woman with familial hyperbilirubinemia and preoperative hepatic dysfunction is presented. Tube cholangiography through a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheter demonstrated a stricture and the hepatic confluence without filling of the gallbladder and showed two bile duct branches arising from the left caudate lobe. Cholangiography also disclosed that the left dorsal branch, which joined the right hepatic bile duct, was involved with tumor, while the left ventral branch, which joined the left hepatic duct, was not. Extended right hepatic lobectomy with resection of the dorsal portion of the left caudate lobe, preserving the ventral portion of the left caudate lobe, was performed. Postoperative cholangiography showed that the ventral branch of the left caudate lobe bile duct was preserved. Precise preoperative anatomic diagnosis of the biliary system in patients with hepatobiliary cancer allows successful subsegmental resection of the caudate lobe.     

Absence of the left lobe of the liver: US and CT appearance

We report five cases of absence of the left liver lobe diagnosed by ultrasonography (US) and/or computed tomography (CT). There were four men and one woman, with an average age of 62.8 years. The right lobe was normal in four patients and enlarged in one. A tongue-like hypertrophy of the caudate lobe was present in two patients. The gallbladder was located at the left portion of the liver. Elevation of the antrum of the stomach was also seen.     

Synchronous occurrence of a hepatic myelolipoma and two hepatocellular carcinomas

Myelolipoma is a rare tumor composed of fat and bone marrow components, most of which are located in the adrenal gland. Myelolipoma in the liver is extremely rare. To date, only 10 cases have been reported in the English-language medical literature. In one of these cases, the hepatic myelolipoma was found within a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In the present study, we report the first case of the synchronous occurrence of hepatic myelolipoma and HCCs in different liver sections of one patient, a 26-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital because of a 4-d history of upper abdominal pain. The unenhanced computed tomography(CT) images showed a well-defined lowdensity mass with adipose components in the right liver lobe, 4.2 cm × 4.1 cm in size. Two inhomogeneous low-density masses were found in the left liver lobe, 8.6 cm × 7.7 cm and 2.6 cm × 2.6 cm in size. The masses in both the right and left liver lobes were heterogeneously enhanced in the contrast-enhanced CT images. Based on the results of the imaging examination, the mass in the right liver lobe was preliminarily considered to be a hamartoma, and the two masses in the left liver were preliminarily considered to be HCCs. We performed a right hepatectomy, a left hepatic lobectomy, and a cholecystectomy. Microscopic and immunohistochemical results revealed that the tumor in the right liver lobe was a hepatic myelolipoma, and that the two tumors in the left liver lobe were HCCs.     

Precautions in caudate lobe resection： Report of 11 cases

AIM： To find the precautions against the safety in caudate lobe resection.
METHODS： The clinical data obtained from 11 cases of primary liver cancer in caudate lobe who received hepatectomy successfully were retrospectively analyzed. Four safe procedures were used in resection of primary liver cancer in caudate lobe： （1） selection of appropriate skin incision to obtain excellent exposure of operative field; （2） adequate mobilization of the liver to allow the liver to be displaced upwards to the left or to the right; （3） preparatory placement of tapes for total hepatic vascular exclusion, so that this procedure could be used to control the fatal bleeding of the liver when necessary; （4） selection of the ideal route for hepatectomy based on the condition of the tumor and the combined removal of multiple lobes if necessary. Among the 11 cases, simple occlusion of vessels of porta hepatis was used in caudate Iobectomy for 6 cases, while in the other cases, the vessels were intermittently occluded several times or total hepatic vascular isolation was used in the caudate Iobectomy. Combined partial right hepatectomy was done for 3 cases, combined left lateral Iobectomy for 2 cases and caudate Iobectomy alone for 6 cases.
RESULTS： Operation was successful for all the 11 cases. Intermittent inflow occlusion was performed for all patients for 15 min at 5-min intervals. Blockade was performed twice in 3 patients and total hepatic vascular exclusion was performed in one of the three patients. Blockade was performed three times in one patient, including a total hepatic vascular exclusion. Total hepatic vascular exclusion was performed only in one patient. The mean blood loss was 300 mL. Ascites and pleural effusion occurred in 4 patients, jaundice in 1 patient. Six patients died of tumor recurrence in 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19 mo after operation, respectively. The other 5 patients have survived more than 16 mo since the operation.
CONCLUSION： Caudate Iobectomy for liver cancer in candate lobe can     

Aspergillosis with non-cavitary lung cancer

Growth of Aspergillus was observed in the necrotic tissue of non-cavitary lung cancer. Case 1 was a 60-year-old male complaining of cough and fever and was found to have left lower lobe atelectasis on chest X-ray. Bronchoscopic examination showed the yellow soft lesion occluding the left upper and lower lobe bronchus. Specimen from the lesion demonstrated adenocarcinoma and hyphae of Aspergillus in the necrotic tumor. Case 2 was a 53-year-old male who was found to have a left upper lobe mass by chest X-ray screening. Bronchoscopic examination showed the yellow polypoid lesion occluding the left upper division bronchus. Pneumonectomy was done and resected specimen of the lesion demonstrated adenocarcinoma and the hyphae of Aspergillus growing in both necrotic tissue and cancer tissue. As both patients had hyphae of Aspergillus in the necrotic tumor, it is considered that the presence of necrosis may cause the growth of Aspergillus.