不同养老模式下老年人的心理健康状况

目的探讨不同养老模式下老年人的心理健康状况,分析其影响因素。方法随机抽取养老机构老年人,居家养老老年人各210人,应用老年抑郁量表(GDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)对其进行测评。结果机构养老与居家养老年龄、文化程度、有无配偶、抑郁比例差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论机构养老老年人抑郁程度较居家养老老年人严重。     

老年人心理健康在不同养老模式下的差异

目的对比研究老年人心理健康在不同养老模式下的差异。方法 2016年10月至2017年10月分别从养老机构和社区家庭中各选取110例老年人作为研究对象,将入组老年人分为居家组与对照组,对比两组老年人发生抑郁和焦虑的比例及心理健康状况评分。结果居家组抑郁发生率显著低于对照组(P<0. 05);居家组焦虑发生率显著低于对照组(P<0. 05);两组认知能力方面评分无显著差异(P>0. 05);居家组在情绪、性格、人际交往和适应能力方面评分均显著高于对照组,居家组心理健康评分显著高于对照组(P<0. 05)。结论相较于养老机构养老模式,居家养老模式对老年人的心理健康状况能够起到更加有利作用,不仅能够降低老年人发生焦虑和抑郁概率,还能够有效地改善老年人的心理健康状况,对居家养老模式进行研究与优化,是促进老年人身心健康发展与养老事业进步的重要途径。     

不同养老方式老年人心理健康状况的研究

目的研究社会养老与家庭养老老年人心理健康状况,并分析其相关因素。方法采用中国科学院心理研究所吴振云研究员编制的老年心理健康问卷,评定对象为110例60～98岁大连社会养老者和90例60～96岁大连城区家庭养老者。结果不同年龄组的心理健康状况总分年龄差异不显著;不同文化程度的老年人心理健康状况总分有随文化教育程度的提高而增加的趋势;不同职业的老年人心理健康状况比较总分及各分量表分都不存在显著差异。结论家庭养老者心理健康状况好于社会养老者,但差异不显著。在人口老龄化,家庭结构小型化、养老结构多元化的社会形势下,社会养老功能发挥着作用。     

城市居家与养老院老年人心理健康、幸福感状况比较

目的探讨城市居家与养老院老年人心理健康状况和幸福感的差异。方法采用老年心理健康量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表为研究工具,随机选取192名老年人进行问卷调查。结果居家老年人心理健康水平显著高于养老院(t=2.43,P<0.05);在幸福感方面居家老年人显著高于养老院(t=3.89,P<0.05);居家老年人的情绪体验和自我认识对幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(R2=0.49,P<0.05)。养老院老年人的情绪体验和适应能力对幸福感有显著的正向预测作用(R2=0.77,P<0.05)。结论针对不同养老方式的老年人,应采用不同方式提升其幸福感。     

不同养老模式下老年人养老服务需求比较

目的了解城市不同养老模式下老年人的养老服务需求。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,采用自制问卷和入户调查的形式对烟台市195名机构老年人和1 250名位居家老年人进行了问卷调查。结果 (1)对医疗的需求、经济的需求和精神慰藉的需求是城市老年人共同的养老需求;(2)机构养老的大多是80岁及以上的高龄、丧偶、健康状况较差的老年人,对精神慰藉需求和照护服务的需求明显高于居家老年人(P<0.05);(3)居家养老的以中、低龄老年人为主,健康状况较好,文化程度较高,对休闲娱乐的需求明显高于机构老年人(P<0.05)。(4)两种养老模式下老年人的养老服务需求水平没有高低之别,只有服务种类的区别。结论家庭依然是多数老年人养老的首要选择,居家养老是目前城市老年人普遍偏好的一种养老方式。     

城市低龄和中高龄老年人养老意愿及其影响因素

目的探讨城市低龄和中高龄老年人养老意愿及其影响因素。方法从老年人的年龄入手,运用二元逻辑回归将老年人分为低龄组和中高龄组,研究两组的人口学特征、社会支持等方面对于居家或机构养老意愿的影响。结果城市低龄老年人更愿意选择居家养老,而中高龄老人则愿意选择机构养老。低龄组结果显示独居、月收入2 000～2 999元老年人更愿意选择机构养老。婚姻状况、居住安排、有无房产、心理健康状况(社会隔离感)、社会支持(主观支持、客观支持)均会影响城市中高龄老年人的养老意愿。结论不同年龄层次老人养老意愿不同,其影响因素也不同。     

成都市老年人的心理健康状况及影响因素

目的调查成都市老年人的心理健康状况及影响因素。方法采用自行设计一般情况问卷和老年人心理健康自评工具对231例成都市老年人进行调查。结果成都市老年人心理健康总分为(49.87±10.244)分,调查对象中50.3%的老年人存在轻度以上的心理问题。多元回归分析结果显示养老模式、年龄、文化程度、职业、经济保障是影响老年人心理健康状况的重要因素。结论成都市老年人的心理健康状况不容乐观,并受养老模式、年龄、文化程度、职业和经济保障等多种因素的影响。应提高对老年人心理健康的重视程度,尤其是机构养老、高年龄段、低文化程度、职业为体力劳动者、低收入的老年人,将其作为心理健康干预的重点对象,给予有效的心理咨询和心理疏导,改善心理健康状况,从而实现老有所乐。     

老年人居家养老服务需求调查及影响因素

目的探讨社区老年人的居家养老服务需求及一般情况、居住方式对其居家养老服务需求的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样方法在唐山市127个社区中抽取2个社区,对社区内共724名60岁以上的老年人,应用老年人居家养老服务需求调查表、老年人一般情况调查表和居住方式调查表进行调查。结果老年人对居家养老服务的需求前3位是医疗预防保健服务、日常生活照料服务、精神慰藉服务。居家养老服务需求的影响因素有性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入、居住方式,其中男性、年龄大、文化程度高、月收入多、无配偶与独居者对居家养老服务需求较高。结论老年人居家养老服务的需求主要有医疗预防保健服务、日常生活照料服务和精神慰藉服务;一般情况及居住方式影响老年人的居家养老服务需求。     

石河子市居家养老的老年人生命质量及影响因素分析

目的 了解新疆石河子市居家养老的老年人生命质量现状及其影响因素，为提高老年人生命质量提供合理建议。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法，于2020年6—12月先在石河子市随机抽取5个社区，再从抽中的每个社区中按60岁～、70岁～、80岁以上三个年龄组等比抽取目标人群，开展问卷调查，采用多重线性逐步回归法分析影响因素。结果 共调查668人，石河子市居家养老老年人的生命质量、生理健康（PCS）和心理健康（MCS）得分分别为（68.66±20.52）分，（61.57±24.62）分和（75.75±20.13）分。多重线性逐步回归分析显示，年龄越大的老年人PCS状况较差，收入越低、患慢性病数量越多、子女个数越多的老年人PCS和MCS状况均较差。结论 石河子市居家养老的老年人生命质量状况良好。年龄、收入、慢性病患病情况和子女数量是影响老年人生命质量得分的重要因素。     

不同养老形式的老年人日常生活能力比较

目的了解不同养老形式的老年人日常生活能力(ADL)情况。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,从福建省抽取749例年龄≥60岁的老年人通过ADL量表及自制的一般情况调查量表进行调查。结果机构养老组各项ADL的损害率均高于居家养老组(P<0.01);机构养老和年龄是老年人ADL降低的危险因素。结论机构养老的老年人ADL较居家养老者更低,应当给予其更多的关注和支持。     

老年人才资源开发的心理学依据

目的　探讨老年人才资源开发的心理学依据。方法　比较不同年龄高、中低教育组间认知功能和心理健康水平 ,并分析年龄和教育两个因素对认知功能和心理健康状况的影响。结果　 (1 )高教育老年人的认知功能相当或好于中低教育中年人 ;(2 )高教育老年人的心理健康状况较中低教育老年人好。结论　高教育老年人的认知功能和心理健康状况普遍良好 ,为老年人才资源的开发提供了相关的心理学依据     

老年人认知功能减退影响因素的纵向研究

目的 通过对一个社区居住的老年人群的前瞻性研究，探讨对认知功能随增的或退有重要影响的因素。方法 在北京市５５岁以上的老年与老年前期 群抽取样本，分别于１９９２年和１９９７年测查简易智能量表（ＭＭＳＦ）。结果 基线调查时在正常范围者５年后２４．４％ＭＭＳＥ评分明显下降。多分析证实，基线调查时评分在临界水平者易出现进一步下降；对认知功能痕退有预测作用的因子主要有年龄、受教育程度、地区等人口学因素，健康     

Is growing old a disease? A study of the attitudes of elderly people to physical symptoms

In a survey of people living at home, aged 77 years and over, a total of 126 women and 77 men were interviewed concerning their attitudes to their physical symptoms. For each organ system the subjects indicated whether their symptoms were considered to be a normal condition for elderly people or a manifestation of a disease. To a large extent symptoms were accepted as a normal condition, however, a highly significant difference in their attitudes to symptoms stemming from different systems was found (p less than 0.001). Generally, compared with severe symptoms, mild symptoms were accepted more readily as a normal condition in old age. Although most of the elderly people had seen a doctor because of their symptoms, a highly significant difference was found in consultation rates among elderly persons with symptoms from different organ systems (p less than 0.001). The attitudes to symptoms influenced the tendency of the subjects to consult a doctor (p less than 0.05). The need for education of elderly people and health professionals is discussed.     

Identifying the relationship among mental status, functional independence and mobility level in Turkish institutionalized elderly: gender differences

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in older people living at a rest home in terms of functional independence, mental status and mobility level and to describe the relationship among the three outcome variables. One hundred and thirty-three elderly people (60 women, 73 men), aged 65 years and above were included in the study. The average age was 75.3 +/- 6.7 years (range, 65-90 years). Mental status was assessed using the Hodkinson Mental Test (HMT). Functional independence was measured using Functional Independence Measurement (FIM). Mobility level was evaluated using the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). Elderly women had lower scores regarding all the outcome variables when compared to older men. The older men had higher cognitive performance than women. In addition, women were at low level of mobility and depended upon the daily living activities (p < 0.05). Both genders showed a significant negative correlation between mental status and functional independence or mobility level, while the correlation between functional independence and mobility level was significantly positive. The data showed that mental impairment decreases both functional status and mobility level of the institutionalized elderly people. Gender difference was found to be an important factor affecting the outcome variables of the study.     

农村老年人轻度认知功能障碍流行病学调查

目的了解湖南省慈利县农村老年人轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的流行病学特征。方法采用随机整群分层分阶段抽样的方法对2011年6月至12月湖南省慈利县6个乡镇、年龄≥60岁的老年人进行现况调查及筛查,完成调查问卷及简易精神状况量表（MMSE）;临床诊断,对有明显记忆障碍者及MMSE分数低于界值者进一步进行临床检查,并由2名神经科医师进行最后诊断;同时进行总体衰退量表、Hachinski缺血指数量表、临床痴呆评定量表等评定。结果调查1367名,男性678名,女689名,MMSE阳性者178例,占13．02％,确诊为MCI者139例,患病率为10．17％;不同年龄段、文化程度、职业、居住及文化生活情况的老年人,其MCI患病率差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论高龄、低文化水平、嗜烟、不喝酒或嗜酒、单独居住等因素会增加患MCI的危险。     

Comparison of quality of life and mental health among elderly people in rural and suburban areas, Thailand

This community based cross-sectional study design assessed the quality of life, mental and physical health among people aged > or = 60 years living in rural and suburban areas of northern Thailand. A cluster random sampling technique was used. The instruments used to assess quality of life were the Thai General Health Questionnaire (Thai-28), the WHO Quality of Life Assessment in Thai (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI), and a history and physical examination. The validity and reliability of the 2 written instruments (Thai-28 and WHOQOL-BREF-THAI) were detected and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84 for the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI, and 0.94 for the Thai GHQ-28. The face-to face interview were conducted by trained interviewers. A chi-square test was used to determine significant differences at alpha = 0.05. Two hundred forty-seven subjects were recruited into the study, of which 225 were used for analysis. Forty-eight point five percent and 51.5% of subjects were from rural and semi-urban areas, respectively. Forty-five point three percent were males; the main age group was 70-79 years old (46.5%). The subjects from suburban areas had a higher quality of life in aspect to physical health (p = 0.011), mental health (p = 0.025), and social relationships (p = 0.012). Social relationships among females from difference areas were significantly different (p = 0.01). Subjects from rural areas had better mental health than those from suburban (p = 0.0001). Living in a suburban area had both positive and negative associations with quality of life that need to be further clarified to develop an elderly health care model for the community.     

空巢老人心理健康状况研究

目的 研究空巢老人心理健康状况及主要相关因素。方法 以老年心理健康问卷为评定工具，对452位老年人进行调查．结果 绝对空巢组在“孤独感”和“社会支持”因子的评分与非空巢组差异显著，并在“孤独感”和“适应能力”因子的评分与相对空巢组差异显著；心理健康状况与诸多因素相关．结论 空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视，身体健康、家庭人际关系及生活满意度对于调节心理健康非常重要。     

南通市老年人抑郁状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解南通市老年人抑郁的患病现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,以老年抑郁量表(GDS)及自制量表为调查工具,对南通市60岁以上老年人群进行调查,共收集有效问卷714份。结果南通市老年人群老年抑郁症状发生率为16.11%,其中中重度抑郁占2.24%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,睡眠、家庭/亲友/邻里关系、个性是否乐观、体育锻炼是老年抑郁症状发生的影响因素。结论抑郁症状是老年人常见的心理健康问题,受生理、心理、家庭、社会等诸多因素的综合影响,应加强老年精神卫生服务,提供相应预防措施。     

Living with an impaired elderly person: the informal caregiver's physical and mental health

Although it is acknowledged that providing an elderly relative with informal assistance can be stressful and burdensome, previous research does not provide clear evidence of the impact of informal caregiving on the physical and mental health of caregivers. The objective of this research was to compare health indicators of coresidents of elderly people who have physical or cognitive impairments with those of two comparison groups: individuals living with a nonimpaired person aged 55 or over and individuals who were not living with a person of that age. Samples were drawn from the Qu/ebec Health Survey database. Although very few differences in physical health were observed between coresidents (n = 292) and individuals in the comparison groups, coresidents systematically presented poorer psychological health indicators. This result supports previous findings related to the low level of psychological well-being of informal caregivers. This suggests that informal caregivers should be regarded as a target population for which health and social services should be carefully planned.     

Elderly patients discharged from acute hospital - a follow-up study

This follow-up study describes the situation of 333 patients aged 75 and over and living at home 3-5 months after discharge from acute hospital with regard to formal and informal help, changes in functional level, rehabilitation and health status. The study is based on a postal questionnaire sent to those still living at home, with a response rate of 91%. Mean age was 80.2 years (range, 75-97). Sixty percent were women. About half of the patients reported receiving formal home help and district nurse visits; even more had help from relatives. At discharge four-fifths of the patients were independent with regard to activities in daily living (ADL) and this increased slightly at follow-up. More than one-third of patients did some kind of exercise after discharge; as formal rehabilitation and as training by themselves,even in the oldest group, those aged 90+. Half of the patients were in good or very good health according to self-reported health assessment. When reporting poor health (17%),it was often related to functional deterioration after discharge and numerous health problems like pain, vertigo, and various mental problems, among others. Women reported more health problems (mean number, 5.3) than men (4.6) but problems were also common in the 80-84-year-old age group and these were of a varying nature. The importance of multidimensional assessment, involving medical, functional and psycho-social factors is stressed. The opportunities for rehabilitation of elderly patients discharged from acute hospital should be kept in mind, the ambition being maintenance of health and independence in daily living in the patient's own home for as long as possible.