运城市农村地区HIV感染者/AIDS病人健康状况分析

目的 为了摸清运城市农村地区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人的健康状况,为今后的关怀、治疗、管理工作提供科学依据.方法 对477例HIV感染者/AIDS病人进行全面健康检查及相关化验检查,观察合并感染情况和治疗效果.结果 477例HIV感染者/AIDS病人中,有1/5的人发生常见机会性感染症状,AIDS病人治疗后白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板均高于治疗前(P＜0.05);男女性治疗后CD4 细胞明显高于治疗前(P＜0.01),平均增长37.08%;病人均有不同程度的肝功能损害.HIV合并乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的占2.9%,合并丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)53.5%,同时合并HBV和HCV感染的占1.9%;有心电图改变者占20.3%;HIV/结核菌(TB)双重感染率为2.3%.结论 运城市农村地区HIV感染者/AIDS病人健康状况较好,抗病毒治疗效果良好,今后要积极开展机会性感染或合并感染的预防和治疗.     

云南省5937例HIV/AIDS病人合并HBV感染的流行病学及临床特征

目的分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)合并乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染的流行病学及临床特征。方法收集2009年1月至2014年12月,在云南两大传染病医院(昆明医科大学第一附属医院、云南省传染病专科医院)的5 937例HIV/AIDS病人,分为HIV感染组,HIV/HBV合并感染组,分析两组病人的流行病学和临床特征。结果5 937例病人中,HIV感染者5 537例,男性占75.06%;HIV/HBV合并感染者400例,男性占70.25%;合并HBV感染主要分布在31~50岁年龄阶段,占7.56%(257/3 398)。HIV/AIDS病人中农民及外出务工人员占56.85%。HIV感染组中性传播占71.43%,HIV/HBV合并感染组中性传播占79.50%。乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的400人中,乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)阳性者占24.25%,乙肝e抗体(抗-HBe)阳性占59.50%。合并感染病人中,HBeAg阳性组的HBV脱氧核糖核酸阳性率为77.32%。5 937例病人中临床上表现为发热的占32.14%,消瘦、乏力占22.13%。单纯HIV感染组合并机会性感染2 272例;HIV/HBV合并感染组合并机会性感染169例。结论HIV/AIDS病人以青壮年男性病人为主。     

HIV/AIDS病人合并HBV和HCV感染状况分析

目的分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的流行现状及其特点,为AIDS的防控和治疗提供科学依据。方法选取2011-2015年期间准备开始高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的HIV/AIDS病人986例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测HIV/AIDS病人血液中的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和/或丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab)。计数资料样本率的比较采用χ2检验,计量资料的比较采用t检验。结果 HIV/AIDS病人合并HBV感染率为6.06%(59/974),合并HCV感染率为4.12%(40/972),合并HBV/HCV双重感染率为0.42%(4/960),HIV/AIDS病人合并HBV和HCV感染率的差异无统计学意义。血液途径感染HIV者的合并HBV感染率为15.79%,合并HCV感染率为41.03%,均显著高于性途径合并HBV和HCV的感染率(5.01%和1.68%)。合并乙型肝炎病人的CD4+T淋巴细胞200个/μL的比例,明显高于合并丙型肝炎病人CD4+T淋巴细胞200个/μL的比例。合并HBV和HCV感染的病人的天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素均没有显著性差异。结论郑州市HIV/AIDS病人合并HBV和HCV总体感染率低于普通人群,HIV合并HBV/HCV感染的趋势有所控制。但血液途径感染HIV者合并HBV和HCV感染率仍高于普通人群,要加大防控力度。     

某医院HIV感染者中HBV HCV TP混合感染状况分析

目的了解综合性医院首诊艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者中合并乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒螺旋体(TP)的混合感染情况及临床特点,为艾滋病(AIDS)的防控和治疗提供科学依据。方法2013年1月至2017年12月,以非艾滋病首诊于某综合性医院而确证为HIV感染者,收集其人口学资料和临床资料,并进行乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab)和梅毒特异性抗体(TP-Ab)检测。结果共确证359例HIV感染者,其年龄中位数为45岁(2~86岁),男性251人(69.92%),女108人(30.08%)。15例(4.18%)通过母婴途径感染,122例(33.98%)通过性途径感染和222例(61.84%)通过血液(单采血浆)途径感染。混合感染中,35例(9.75%)感染HBV,63例(17.55%)感染HCV,57例(15.88%)感染TP。HIV感染的不同途径中,HBV、HCV和TP的混合感染率存在差异。HIV感染者首诊科室共涉及26个,其中15个内科相关科室,4个外科相关科室,7个其他科室。涉及疾病谱18类,主见呼吸系统疾病、感染性疾病、神经系统疾病、消化系统疾病、血液系统疾病。结论首诊综合性医院的HIV感染者中合并HBV、HCV和TP感染率相对较高,涉及就诊科室多,疾病谱广。     

广东省2011年HIV/AIDS患者流行病学特点分析

目的了解广东省2011年新增抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学特征。方法选取2011年就诊于广州市第八人民医院,并经过实验室证实HIV抗体阳性但未进行高效抗反转录病毒治疗的835例广东省HIV/AIDS患者,登记性别、年龄、感染途径等基本情况,检测CD4+T和CD8+T淋巴细胞计数、WBC、HGB、PLT、ALT、AST、TBIL、HBV标志物及丙型肝炎抗体等指标。运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计描述及分析。结果 835例年龄(39.7±11.8)岁,其中男性感染率(70.1%,585例)高于女性(29.9%,250例)。感染途径主要为性传播(82.5%,689例)[包括异性性传播557例(66.7%)及同性性传播132例(15.8%)]、静脉吸毒感染126例(15.1%)和输血感染20例(2.4%)。在725例资料完整的患者中,HIV/HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,其中,HIV单一感染(A组)514例(70.9%)、HIV/HBV合并感染(B组)103例(14.2%)、HIV/HCV/HBV三重感染(C组)83例(11.4%)、HIV/HCV合并感染者(D组)25例(3.4%)。各组感染途径有明显差异(χ2=415.358,P=0.000):A组和B组以异性性传播为主,C组和D组以静脉吸毒为主。65例(7.8%)PLT下降,且B组较A组下降比例更高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.451,P=0.001)。合并感染可加重肝损伤:合并感染组均较单一感染组AST升高明显(χ2AB=20.012,PAB=0.000;χ2AC=14.237,PAC=0.000;χ2AD=26.725,PAD=0.000);D组较A组ALT升高明显(χ2=8.395,P=0.004);B组较A组TBIL升高明显(χ2=9.130,P=0.003)。结论广东省2011年新增HIV/AIDS患者以青壮年男性为主,性传播感染为主。HIV与HBV/HCV合并感染率较高,且合并HCV感染者主要为静脉吸毒感染,合并感染是加重肝损伤及骨髓抑制的一个重要原因。     

广西艾滋病合并结核病双重感染情况及其影响因素分析

目的调查广西艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)合并结核病(TB)双重感染情况,并分析其影响因素。方法收集2013年广西某传染病医院就诊的1 086例艾滋病患者的临床资料,分析其HIV/TB双重感染情况,运用二分类Logistic回归模型进行TB/HIV双重感染影响因素分析。结果 1 086例艾滋病患者中,HIV/TB双重感染527例(48.53%)。其中单纯肺结核245例(46.49%),肺结核合并肺外结核197例(37.38%),单纯肺外结核85例(16.13%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性患者(OR=1.472,95%CI=1.056~2.054)、50岁者(OR=1.477,95%CI=1.111~1.964)、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低者(OR=1.347,95%CI=1.022~1.776)及血小板计数较高者(OR=2.079,95%CI=1.360~3.179)更易感染TB。结论广西HIV/AIDS患者TB的感染率较高,性别、年龄、血小板和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数是其感染TB的危险因素,应根据患者的不同临床特征制定相应的防治措施。     

佑安医院HIV/AIDS病人中HBV HCV及TP感染情况分析

目的分析佑安医院艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)中,乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)及梅毒螺旋体(TP)的共感染情况,为HIV的防控和综合治疗提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年6月,在佑安医院艾滋病门诊接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗的1314例HIV/AIDS病人,调查抗病毒治疗基线时HBV、HCV及TP的共感染情况。结果1314例患者中,男性1255例(95.5%),女性59例(4.5%),平均年龄33.43岁(16~80岁)。其中1070例检测了抗TP,阳性率38.1%(408例);1164例检测了HBV感染标志物,HBsAg阳性率5.9%(69例),HBV标志物全阴性400例(34.4%);1161例检测了抗HCV,阳性率2.2%(25例)。经性途径感染HIV者TP共感染率高,分别有32.8%(368/1122)男男性行为者和22.9%(25/109)异性性行为者抗TP阳性。结论需要加强HIV感染者中HBV、HCV的筛查,以保证抗HIV治疗的顺利进行。经性途径感染HIV的患者中TP感染率较高,需积极干预。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染对艾滋病患者联合抗反转录病毒治疗效果的影响

目的 了解HBV感染对AIDS患者联合抗反转录病毒治疗(cART)效果的影响.方法 对HIV、HBV合并感染者78例和AIDS患者156例定期进行CD4+T淋巴细胞、HIV RNA、HBV血清学标志物和肝功能检测,并记录其生存情况,比较两组患者cART期间免疫学和病毒学应答的差异.计数资料采用卡方检验,计量资料采用t检验,非正态分布的计量资料采用两独立样本非参数检验.结果 cART第42个月时,同一治疗时间的CD4+T淋巴细胞和HIV RNA水平在HIV、HBV合并感染者与单纯AIDS患者间比较,差异均无统计学意义;cART第48、54和60个月时,HIV、HBV合并感染者免疫学和病毒学应答水平均低于单纯AIDS患者.HIV、HBV合并感染者在cART后第12、24、36、48和60个月时,13例患者中有3例在各时间点均表现为HBeAg阴转;抗-HBe阳转率分别为32.1％(9/28)、50.0％(14/28)、53.6％(15/28)、64.3％(18/28)和71.4％(20/28),阳转率逐年增高(x2=10.189,P=0.037); HBV DNA阴转率分别为95.1％(39/41)、82.9％(34/41)、68.3％(28/41)、43.9％(18/41)和43.9％(18/41),阴转率逐年下降(x2=29.982,P=0.000);肝功能异常率分别为32.1％(25/78)、51.4％(38/74)、33.8％(22/65)、47.9％(23/48)及6.7％(3/45),各时间点差异有统计学意义(x2=28.053,P=0.000).HIV、HBV合并感染者及单纯AIDS患者的病死率分别为24.4％(19/78)和5.1％(8/156),差异有统计学意义(x2=18.841,P＜0.01),且HIV、HBV合并感染者84.2％死于HBV相关的终末期肝病.结论 合并HBV感染可影响cART的远期疗效,终末期肝病是HIV、HBV合并感染者接受cART后的首要死因.     

深圳市初治HIV感染者合并HBV感染率及特征分析

目的了解深圳市初治HIV感染者合并HBV感染率、特征及HBV易感率。方法以2015—2018年深圳市第三人民医院收治的未接受过抗反转录病毒治疗的成年HIV感染者作为研究对象,收集其基本特征和临床资料,分析纳入对象合并HBV的感染率、合并感染者特征及HBV易感率。结果共纳入4666例初治HIV感染者,合并HBV感染率为10.46%(488/4666);合并感染率随年龄升高、CD4细胞计数的降低和WHO HIV临床分期的加重均呈现逐渐增高的趋势(P均<0.05)。不同HBV DNA水平分组间HIV RNA的差异以及不同HIV RNA水平分组间HBV DNA的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。HIV/HBV共感染者以HBeAg阴性所占比例较高(76.2%),但HBeAg阳性者ALT异常率高于HBeAg阴性者(31.03%vs.15.86%,P<0.05)。深圳市HIV感染者HBV易感率为24.73%(1154/4666),女性高于男性(31.56%vs.24.16%,P<0.05),15~24岁在各年龄组中最高,为29.00%(P<0.05)。结论深圳市初治HIV感染者合并HBV感染率和HBV易感率均较高。年龄较大和病程较重的HIV感染者合并HBV感染率最高。建议对HIV感染者常规进行治疗前HBV的筛查、临床状态的评估及用药后的监测。对乙型肝炎(乙肝)五项检测均为阴性的HBV易感者建议接种乙肝疫苗。     

230例HIV/AIDS患者肝脏损害的临床研究

目的探讨艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)患者的肝脏损害情况。方法检测230例住院的HIV/AIDS患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染标志,分为单纯HIV感染、HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV、HIV/HCV/HBV合并感染4组,对这4组患者的肝脏病理、CD4 淋巴细胞计数、肝功能、凝血酶原时间及活动度进行回顾性分析。结果HIV合并HCV感染的患者住院时的CD4 计数216±195/mm3,与单纯HIV感染者及合并HBV感染者比较有显著性差异;单纯HIV感染者的肝脏病理呈非特异性改变,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬酸转氨酶(AST)呈轻度升高,白蛋白(ALB)降低;HIV/HCV、HIV/HBV合并感染者的肝脏损害表现为肝脏病理的炎症分级和纤维化程度比单纯HIV感染者高,ALT、AST呈轻度升高,ALB降低,以HIV/HBV合并感染者为明显,达27.7±7.5g/L;HIV/HCV/HBV合并感染者的肝脏损害最严重,表现为总胆红素(TB)明显增高,达61.0±100.6μmol/mm3,ALT、AST呈轻至中度升高,ALB降低,胆碱脂酶明显降低,凝血酶原时间明显延长,除ALB外,与单纯HIV感染者比较差异有显著性意义。结论单纯HIV感染患者的肝脏损害呈非特异性,HIV合并HCV或/和HBV感染,可加重患者的肝脏损害,以同时合并HCV、HBV感染者为明显。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者混合或重叠感染其他病原体状况分析

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染者混合或重叠感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和梅毒螺旋体（TP）的状况,为HCV感染的防治提供依据。方法采用ELISA法检测乙型肝炎病毒标志物、抗TP和抗HIV;采用化学发光法检测抗HCV;采用蛋白印迹法确认HIV感染。结果在169例HCV感染者中,重叠感染HBV 25例（14.8%）、HIV 4例（2.4%）、TP 9例（5.3%）,重叠感染HBV和TP 2例（1.2%）,重叠感染HBV和HIV 2例（1.2%）;静脉吸毒者重叠感染HIV（6.7%）和TP（11.1%）的比例均明显高于非静脉吸毒者（P〈0.05）;男性患者重叠感染HBV的比例（19.7%）明显高于女性患者（3.8%,P〈0.01）,女性患者重叠感染TP的比例（11.5%）明显高于男性患者（2.6%,P〈0.05）。结论随着感染方式的多元化,慢性丙型肝炎患者重叠感染其他病原体的情况更加常见。     

13例HIV/HBV重叠感染患者的实验指标分析

目的了解艾滋病病毒与乙型肝炎病毒（HIV/HBV）重叠感染患者的临床特征,分析HIV与HBV在疾病进展中的相互作用。方法回顾性分析、比较13例HIV/HBV重叠感染组、28例单纯HIV感染组、28例单纯HBV感染组患者,在免疫功能、肝脏功能及血常规方面的差异。结果免疫功能检测：CD4^＋T细胞计数和CD4^＋/CD8^＋T细胞比值表现为HIV/HBV重叠感染组〈单纯HIV组〈单纯HBV组（P〈0.01）;肝脏功能检测：HIV/HBV重叠感染组与单纯HIV感染组各项指标无显著性差异,而单纯HBV组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素显著高于（P〈0.01）或高于（P〈0.05）另外两组;血常规检测：HIV/HBV重叠感染组和单纯HIV组各指标无显著性差异,但与单纯HBV组比较,则红细胞和血红蛋白显著降低（P〈0.01）,血小板明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论研究结果初步提示,HIV与HBV重叠感染后,可能减轻患者的肝细胞损伤,进一步降低患者的免疫功能。     

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in intravenous drug users on admission to prison.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous drug users (IDUs) and prisoners are groups of great interest in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology. AIM: To determine predictors and temporal trends of the co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV in IDUs on admission to prison. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1997, 796 IDUs or former IDUs were studied. Socio-demographic and penitentiary variables were evaluated. HIV-positive patients with > or =5 mm induration on tuberculin test were deemed co-infected. Analysis of factors associated with co-infection was based on a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the incoming prisoners, 44.0% were infected by M. tuberculosis, 43.8% by HIV and 20.1% were co-infected. Co-infection predictors were: 1) total prison time served previously (none, OR 1; <2 years, OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.28-4.64; > or =2 years, OR 4.94, 95% CI 2.56-9.55); 2) age (16-25 years, OR 1; 25-29 years, OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.71-5.75; >29 years, OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.96-6.86); 3) tattoos (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.98-2.49), 4) syringe sharing (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.57-3.77) and 5) ex-IDU status (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23-2.82). No statistically significant variation in the annual co-infection tendency was observed (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of co-infection that was detected was associated with risk factors that could be amended by public health intervention.     

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese patients with HIV.

Patients with HIV infection are frequently infected with hepatitis viruses, which are presently the major cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients after the widespread use of highly active antiretrovirus therapy. We previously reported that approximately 20% of HIV-positive Japanese patients were also infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may also be an impediment to a good course of treatment for HIV-infected patients, because of recurrent liver injuries and a common effectiveness of some anti-HIV drugs on HBV replication. However, the status of co-infection with HIV and HBV in Japan is unclear. We conducted a nationwide survey to determine the prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection by distributing a questionnaire to the hospitals belonging to the HIV/AIDS Network of Japan. Among the 5998patients reported to be HIV positive, 377 (6.4%) were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Homosexual men accounted for two-thirds (70.8%) of the HIV-HBV co-infected patients, distinct from HIV-HCV co-infection in Japan in which most of the HIV-HCV co-infected patients were recipients of blood products. One-third of HIV-HBV co-infected patients had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels at least once during the 1-year observation period. In conclusion, some HIV-infected Japanese patients also have HBV infection and liver disease. A detailed analysis of the progression and activity of liver disease in co-infected patients is needed.     

Prevalence and resistance pattern of genotype G and H in chronic hepatitis B and HIV co-infected patients in Mexico

Objective. We estimated the prevalence and identified the resistance pattern of HBV genotypes H and G in HBV monoinfected and HIV co-infected patients.Material and methods. A cross-sectional prevalence and analytic study were performed in chronic hepatitis B patients at the Hospital de Infectologia, La Raza National Medical Center in Mexico City. Chronic HBV monoinfected and HIV co-infected patients were included. HBeAg, HBV viral load and genetic analysis of mutations were collected; CD4+ cells count from HIV co-infected patients and HIV RNA were measured. We calculated the prevalence and exact 95% binomial confidence interval and the Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the relationship between the presence of risk factors and HBV genotypes H or G.Results. We enrolled 77 patients, 67 men and 10 women with 37 HIV co-infected patients. The distribution of HBV genotypes was: HBV genotype H 55 (71% [95% CI 60% to 80%]), HBV genotype G 16 (20.7%), HBV genotype F 4 (5.1%) and HBV genotype A 2 (2.6%). The most frequent mutations presented in 8 HIV co-infected patients and one mono-infected patient with antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience were rtM204V and six of them showed genotype G (6/9). Mono-infected HBV patients exposed more probability to HBV genotype H than co-infected HIV patients OR 13.0 (CI 95% 3.40-49.79), p = 0.0001. In contrast co-infected patients presented less possibility to have genotype H, 0.56 (CI 95% 0.42-0.75).Conclusions. This study confirms the high prevalence of HBV genotype H in Mexico; furthermore, our results suggest that HBV genotype G predominates in co-infected patients. As well, rtM204V and rtL180M mutations are common in HBV-HIV co-infected patients with genotype G and ART experience.     

Survival in patients with HIV infection and viral hepatitis B or C: a cohort study

AIM: To assess survival in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection. METHODS: A prospective university clinic cohort of 472 patients with HIV infection who were followed for 8343 patient-months. The outcome measures were the survival from HIV or liver disease assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analysis using a Cox regression model identified variables associated with mortality. RESULTS: Patients were divided into four subgroups: HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n = 72), HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n = 256), multiple hepatitides (n = 18) and HIV alone (n = 126). One hundred and thirty-four patients (28.4%) died during follow-up. Liver mortality was noted in 55 patients, representing 12% of the cohort and 41% of the total mortality. Survival curves were similar in patients with HIV alone and those with any viral hepatitis co-infection. Liver deaths were more common in patients with multiple hepatitides (28%) HIV/HBV (15%), HIV/HCV co-infection (13%) versus HIV alone (6%). Liver mortality was comparable in HIV/HBV as in HIV/HCV co-infected patients and was not associated with gender, ethnicity, age, or mode of infection. HIV deaths were similar in patients co-infected with viral hepatitis compared with those with HIV alone. In patients with viral hepatitis co-infection, initial CD4 cell count > 200 x 10(6) cells/l and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were associated with significantly reduced liver mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HIV and viral hepatitis had greater liver mortality than patients with HIV alone, but had comparable HIV mortality. Co-infection with hepatitis B is associated with hepatic outcomes similar to hepatitis C. Control of immunosuppression with HAART and CD4 counts > 200 x 10(6) cells/l are associated with better hepatic outcomes and should be the first priority in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis.     

Hepatitis B screening practices and viral control among persons living with HIV in urban Senegal

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects >10% of the general population and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer in West Africa. Despite current recommendations, HBV is often not tested for in clinical routine in the region. We included all people living with HIV (PLWH) in care between March and July 2019 at Fann University Hospital in Dakar (Senegal) and proposed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test to those never tested. All HBsAg-positive underwent HIV and HBV viral load (VL) and liver stiffness measurement. We evaluated, using logistic regression, potential associations between patient characteristics and (a) HBV testing uptake; (b) HIV/HBV co-infection among individual HBsAg tested. We determined the proportion of co-infected who had HBV DNA >20 IU/ml on ART and sequenced HBV polymerase in those with HBV replication.of 1076 PLWH in care, 689 (64.0%) had never had an HBsAg test prior to our HBV testing intervention. Women and individuals >40 years old were less likely to have been previously tested. After HBV testing intervention,107/884 (12.1%) PLWH were HBsAg-positive. Seven of 58 (12.1%) individuals newly diagnosed with HIV/HBV co-infection had a detectable HBV VL, of whom five were HIV-suppressed. Two patients on ART including 3TC and AZT as backbone showed the presence of the triple resistance mutation 180M/204I/80V. In this Senegalese urban HIV clinic, the majority of patients on ART had never been tested for HBV infection. One in ten co-infected individuals had a detectable HBV VL despite HIV suppression, and 8% were not receiving a TDF-containing regimen.     

Liver disease as a major cause of death among HIV infected patients: role of hepatitis C and B viruses and alcohol

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We analyzed the characteristics of HIV infected patients who died from liver disease, focusing on hepatitis virus co-infection. METHODS: One-hundred and eighty-five French hospital departments involved in HIV/AIDS management prospectively notified all deaths occurring in 2000. Patients whose hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) serostatus was known were classified as being infected by HCV alone, HBV alone (HBsAg positive), both HCV and HBV, or neither HCB nor HBV. RESULTS: Among 822 HIV infected patients, 29% were infected by HCV alone, 8% by HBV alone, and 4% by both HCV and HBV. The most frequent causes of death were liver disease (31% of cases) and AIDS (29%) among HIV-HCV co-infected patients, and AIDS (38%) and liver disease (22%) among HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Liver disease was a more frequent cause of death among patients co-infected by both HCV and HBV (44% of cases). Hepatocellular carcinoma was present in 15% of patients who died from liver disease, and was associated with HBV co-infection. Nearly half the patients who died from liver disease had more than 200 CD4/mm3. CONCLUSIONS: Liver disease is now a leading cause of death among HIV-HCV co-infected patients and is becoming an important cause of death among HIV-HBV co-infected patients. The risk of death from liver disease is highest in patients co-infected by both HCV and HBV.     

Coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients in south India

AIM To screen for the co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV)and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients insouthern India.METHODS Five hundred consecutive HIV infected patients were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg and HBV-DNA) and Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV and HCV-RNA)using commercially available ELISA kits; HBsAg, HBeAg/anti-HBe (Biorad laboratories, USA) and anti-HCV (Murex Diagnostics, UK). The HBV-DNA PCR was performed to detect the surface antigen region (pre S-S). HCV-RNA was detected by RT-PCR for the detection of the constant 5' putative non-coding region of HCV.RESULTS HBV co-infection was detected in 45/500 (9%)patients and HCV co-infection in 11/500 (2.2%) subjects.Among the 45 co-infected patients only 40 patients could be studied, where the detection rates of HBe was 55%(22/40), antiHBe was 45% (18/40) and HBV-DNA was 56% (23/40). Among 11 HCV co-infected subjects, 6(54.5%) were anti-HCV and HCV RNA positive, while 3(27.2%) were positive for anti-HCV alone and 2 (18%)were positive for HCV RNA alone.CONCLUSION Since the principal routes for HIV transmission are similar to that followed by the hepatotropic viruses, as a consequence, infections with HBV and HCV are expected in HIV infected patients.Therefore, it would be advisable to screen for these viruses in all the HIV infected individuals and their sexual partners at the earliest.