老年原发性高血压患者体位性血压变化与动脉硬化相关性分析

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者体位性血压水平的变化与动脉硬化的相关性。方法入选2015年1月~2019年2月就诊于我院的年龄≥60岁的原发性高血压患者278例,根据卧立位血压变化结果将入选受试者分为体位性正常血压(ONT)组146例、体位性低血压(OH)组80例、体位性高血压(OHT)组52例。检测各组受试者的肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块形成情况,比较各组间的差异,分析baPWV、颈动脉IMT的相关因素和影响因素。结果与ONT组比较,OH组和OHT组高血压病程和尿酸水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OH组和OHT组动脉硬化检出率(80.00%和86.54%vs 59.59%)、baPWV水平[(1880.08±177.25)cm/s和(1870.59±135.06)cm/s vs(1703.21±180.62)cm/s]、颈动脉IMT[(0.98±0.20)mm和(1.06±0.20)mm vs(0.69±0.24)mm]、IMT增厚检出率(28.75%和30.77%vs 13.70%)和颈动脉斑块检出率(12.50%和17.31%vs 6.16%)均较ONT组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。卧立位收缩压差和卧立位舒张压差与baPWV、颈动脉IMT均呈正相关(P<0.01),且baPWV与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.372,P<0.01),多元线性回归分析显示,高血压病程、年龄、尿酸、卧立位收缩压差、baPWV是颈动脉IMT的影响因素(P<0.05);卧立位收缩压差、颈动脉IMT、空腹血糖、TG是baPWV的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年原发性高血压患者体位性血压变化与动脉硬化密切相关。     

餐后高血糖与高血压病患者颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化相关

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖对颈动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响.方法 入选高血压病患者295例,所有患者行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)后分为餐后高血糖组,餐后正常血糖组.超声波检测颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)和动脉粥样斑块,其中88例合并冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,评价冠状动脉狭窄程度.结果 原发性高血压患者60.7%存在餐后高血糖.餐后高血糖组颈动脉IMT[(1.2±0.3)mm]显著大于餐后正常血糖组[(0.8±0.3)mm](P＜0.01),颈动脉斑块检出率(59.2%)高于餐后正常血糖组(28.4%)(P＜0.01).高血压合并冠心病患者餐后高血糖达63.6%,餐后高血糖组冠状动脉狭窄评分更高(P＜0.01).相关分析餐后血糖水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.478,P＜0.01),餐后血糖与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(r=0.557,P＜0.01).结论 原发性高血压患者餐后高血糖与颈动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关.高血压合并餐后高血糖大动脉损伤严重.     

老年原发性高血压患者晨峰现象与靶器官损害

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压晨峰(MBPS)现象对靶器官损害的影响. 方法 老年原发性高血压患者186例,依24 h动态血压分MBPS组(104例)和非MBPS组(82例).所有对象进行心脏和颈动脉超声检查,计算左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及斑块的发生率. 结果 MBPS组24 h、白昼以及夜间平均收缩压、脉压均较非MBPS组高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),MBPS组的LVMI及左右两侧颈动脉IMT均明显高于非MBPS组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);颈动脉斑块的发生率MBPS组显著高于非MBPS组(P＜0.01). 结论 老年原发性高血压患者具有MBPS现象者有明显的靶器官损害.     

高血压患者血清瘦素水平与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统相关性分析

目的 分析高血压患者瘦素与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的相关性及病理生理机制.方法 高血压组70例,对照组66例,采用放射免疫方法测定瘦素、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和醛固酮(ALD)浓度.结果 高血压组瘦素、PRA和AngⅡ高于对照组(P＜0.05).影响瘦素的因素是性别、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)和PRA(P＜0.01).高血压组瘦素与PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、SBP正相关(P＜0.01).将高血压组分为高肾素组和非高肾素组,高肾素组瘦素高于正常肾素组(P＜0.01).结论 高血压患者存在瘦素抵抗,瘦素通过激活RAAS导致血压增高,主要表现为SBP升高.     

动脉硬化早期检测临床研究

目的 研究评价动脉硬化的指标臂踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）和踝臂血压指数（ABI）与心血管疾病发生及其危险因素间的关系,探讨其作为冠心病,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块等心血管疾病预测指标的临床价值以及硝酸甘油对ABI和baPWV的影响.方法 以本院门诊和住院患者1000例为研究对象,男性713例,女性287例,年龄（69.51±15.18）岁,采用VP-1000全自动动脉硬化测定仪检测患者双侧baPWV和ABI.其中150例疑为冠心病者行冠状动脉造影检查,154例行颈动脉超声多普勒检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况.结果 ①baPWV与高血压直接相关（OR =6.528,95％CI=3.137 ～12.763,P＜0.05）,与吸烟（OR=6.446,95％CI=2.411～17.235）、高脂血症（OR =4.694,95％CI=2.200～10.014）、性别（男性）（OR =3.100,95％CI=1.106～8.687）和冠心病（OR=1.795,95％0=1.020～3.894）密切相关（P＜0.05）.随着心血管疾病危险因素聚集,动脉硬化的发生率明显增加.②baPWV在评估冠心病中的价值：冠状动脉造影阳性组与冠脉造影阴性组比较,baPWV＞ 1700 cm/s,敏感性83.33％、准确性84.00％,Kappa值0.61.③颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与baPWV的关系：颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与年龄、baPWV、吸烟史、脉压相关（P＜0.05）;随着baPWV的升高,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的OR值增加.④含服硝酸甘油对baPWV与ABI的影响：服药后所有受试对象的baPWV值均减小（P＜0.01）,baPWV变化与用药前的收缩压和年龄呈正相关.服药后所有受试对象的ABI值均减小（P＜0.01）,ABI的变化与用药前心率呈负相关,与用药后的心率呈正相关.结论 ①baPWV值可能是冠心病、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生的独立预测因子.②硝酸甘油可改善ABI和baPWV测量值,其临床意义有待进一步探讨.     

中心性肥胖患者血压、血脂、血糖及颈动脉粥样硬化程度的检测

目的 观察中心性肥胖患者血压、血脂、血糖及颈动脉粥样硬化程度的变化.方法 测量409例中心性肥胖患者(观察组)的血压、血脂、血糖,采用彩色多普勒超声检查其颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和斑块形成情况,并与412例健康受检者(对照组)进行比较.结果 观察组205例(50.12％)高胆固醇、141例(34.47％)高甘油三脂、103例(25.48％)高血糖、212例(51.83％)高血压,对照组分别为176例(42.72％)、62例(15.05％)、30例(7.28％)、74例(17.96％).观察组高胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高血糖、高血压发生率均明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05).观察组颈动脉IMT为(1.18 ±0.28)mm,对照组为(0.89±0.18)mm.观察组颈动脉IMT明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组285例(69.68％)检出颈动脉斑块,对照组83例(20.15％).观察组颈动脉斑块检出率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 中心性肥胖患者高血压、高血脂、高血糖发生率和动脉粥样硬化程度均高于健康对照者.     

436例原发性高血压患者肾功能与动脉弹性关系探讨

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者肾功能水平与大动脉弹性的关系.方法 入选2009年10月～2011年10月北京安贞医院高血压科门诊及住院的原发性高血压患者436例,通过MDRD公式估算肾小球滤过率(GFR),评估肾功能,测定肱-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)作为评估大动脉弹性功能的指标.对全部高血压病患者的GFR与baPWV及其他影响因素进行相关分析及逐步回归分析,并对不同程度肾功能水平患者的baPWV值进行比较.结果 入选的436例患者在检测前均未服用降压药物,年龄20～77岁.GFR水平与年龄、baPWV、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、尿酸水平呈负相关(P＜0.01),年龄、baPWV、尿酸进入最优回归方程.随着GFR的降低,baPWV明显增高(P＜0.01).结论 原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度的增加与肾功能的减低关系密切.     

原发性醛固酮增多症患者左室结构损害的研究

目的 探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)患者左室结构损害的特点.方法 将2007年1月至2010年6月住院行PA筛查最终确诊为PA(213例)及原发性高血压(EH)的患者(225例)纳入研究,依据超声心动图结果评价两组患者的左室结构.结果 PA组的病程、醛固酮水平明显高于EH组(P＜0.01),而血钾、肾素活性明显低于EH组(P＜0.01).协方差分析校正病程后,PA组患者的室间隔厚度、左室舒张末期内径、左室重量指数、左室舒张末期容积和每搏输出量均高于EH组(P＜0.01).PA组患者左室肥厚的发生率明显高于EH组(53.1％对33.8％,x2=16.57,P＜0.01);PA组患者正常构型、向心性重构、向心性肥厚及离心性肥厚的构成比分别是:24.9％、22.1％、22.1％和30.9％.多元逐步回归分析显示收缩压、坐位醛固酮水平是影响PA患者左室重量指数的主要因素,回归系数分别为0.45 (P＜0.01)、0.43 (P＜0.01);病程是影响相对室壁厚度的主要因素,回归系数是0.011 (P＜0.05).结论 PA患者左室肥厚的发生率高于EH患者,其左室构型以离心性肥厚最多见.     

原发性高血压患者血管紧张素Ⅱ、内皮素-1水平与颈动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者外周血中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、内皮素-1(ET-1水平变化与颈动脉病变的关系。方法 选取青海省湟中县第一人民医院2018年1月30日至2019年4月30日收治的150例原发性高血压患者,检测外周血中AngⅡ、ET-1水平。根据患者颈动脉内膜厚度将观察组分为3个亚组,分别为颈动脉内膜正常组(45例)、颈动脉内膜增厚组(65例)、颈动脉斑块组(40例)。分析观察组各亚组AngⅡ、ET-1水平,并观察颈动脉斑块的影响因素。结果 颈动脉斑块组AngⅡ、ET-1水平高于颈动脉内膜正常组和颈动脉内膜增厚组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),颈动脉内膜增厚组AngⅡ、ET-1水平高于颈动脉内膜正常组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。原发性高血压合并颈动脉斑块患者吸烟比例、高血脂比例、入院收缩压、胆固醇、AngⅡ、ET-1、高血压病程高于原发性高血压未合并颈动脉斑块患者(t/χ2=5.322、8.495、4.812、5.127、20.585、13.495、4.671,P 0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,高血脂、高血压病程、AngⅡ、ET-1是原发性高血压颈动脉斑块的独立影响因素[OR(95%CI)=1.536(1.045～3.125)、1.362(1.123～4.562)、1.856(1.223～5.721)、1.236(1.167～5.369),P 0.05]。结论 原发性高血压患者外周血ET-1和AngⅡ水平与颈动脉病变程度有关,ET-1和AngⅡ水平对预测原发性高血压合并颈动脉斑块有一定的意义。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2016年9月～2018年6月青岛大学附属医院保健科住院的老年高血压患者117例,根据24h动态血压监测结果分为杓型组24例和异常昼夜节律组93例,异常昼夜节律组又分为非杓型组67例,反杓型组26例。所有患者行颈动脉超声检查,检测左右颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块及管腔狭窄情况,对颈动脉粥样硬化进行分级。测定患者空腹血糖,血脂,同型半胱氨酸,记录24h收缩压、24h舒张压、昼间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间收缩压和夜间舒张压。结果异常昼夜节律组左侧IMT、右侧IMT、斑块发生率和颈动脉粥样硬化程度明显高于杓型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。反杓型组夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压明显高于非杓型组[(132.92±15.75)mm Hg vs (122.85±14.91)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),(72.38±8.75)mm Hg vs (64.34±9.98)mm Hg,P0.01]。非杓型组和反杓型组左侧IMT和左侧斑块发生率明显高于右侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,异常血压昼夜节律损伤靶器官概率更大,并且对左侧颈动脉内膜损害较右侧明显。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.     

Severe hepatotoxicity with jaundice associated with paroxetine

Hepatotoxicity due to paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is very rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only five cases of liver injury in association with paroxetine have previously been reported in the medical literature. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and pathological findings in a patient with paroxetine hepatotoxicity, which was reversed after withdrawal of the drug. The present case and the others previously reported suggest that hepatotoxicity should be taken into account as a rare complication, sometimes severe, that may occur with paroxetine.