胃癌的自体荧光图像分析

目的：探讨胃癌组织显微自体荧光图像的特征表现。方法：采用氩离子（Ar^ ）激光（激发波长488nm）和氦氖（He-Ne）激光（激发波长543nm）的双通道法激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对16例胃癌手术标本进行自体荧光图像分析，并作自身对照研究。结论：胃正常组织各层的显微自体荧光图像均以绿色荧光为主，胃癌的显微自体荧光图像则红色荧光强度明显增加，并可见棕红色区，其显示率达100％。结论：棕红色区是胃癌在显微自体荧光图像上的特征表现，自体荧光图像分析是胃癌诊断的有效方法。     

胃液固有荧光光谱对胃癌诊断价值的初步研究

目的：显示胃癌患者及非癌患者胃液固有荧光光谱的荧光强度的差异,以期用于胃癌的筛查及诊断。方法：收集202例各种胃内疾病患者的胃液,经1：10释释后,检测激发波长为288nm,发射波长范围为300－800nm的固有荧光光谱。用CART V2．0统计软件建立判别模型,计算先验概率及后验概率。结果：各种胃内疾病患者的胃液固有荧光光谱均有3个峰（发射小分别为320－360nm、576nm及670－690nm),胃癌患者的第一荧光峰（发射波长320－360nm)的强度（P1FI）较其他胃内良性疾病患者明显增强。以P1FI≥111．80作为判别指标,用于胃癌诊断的先验概率的敏感度为91．4％,特异度为83．2％,准确度为84．7％。其后验概率的敏感度为85．7％,特异度为82．6％,准确度为83．1％。结论：胃液固有荧光光谱有希望成为一种胃癌的诊断和筛查方法。     

内镜下激光激发自体荧光诊断食管癌和胃癌的研究

为了探讨内镜下激光激发自体荧光对食管癌和胃癌的诊断意义,采用MJ－LF医用激光荧光快速诊断仪,测定人体食管癌及胃癌恶性肿瘤组织的荧光光谱,与胃、十二指肠溃疡病人和慢性浅表性胃炎病人对照研究。结果显示：32例胃癌病人中有25例在肿瘤组织可测到肿瘤特征峰,阳性率78．1％;15例食管癌病人有11例其癌肿组织可测到肿瘤特征峰,阳性率73．3％。二组平均阳性率76．6％。而110例胃、十二指肠溃疡病人及116例慢性浅表性胃炎病人未能测到肿瘤特征峰。结论：上消化道恶性肿瘤食管癌和胃癌病人内镜下的激光荧光光谱测定有76．6％的病人在630nm和／或690nm波长处可测出肿瘤特征峰。激光荧光光谱的测定对食管癌及胃癌的快速诊断具有一定临床意义。     

内镜下激光荧光检查食管癌胃癌及癌前病变的研究

我们采用氙（ｘ＋ｅ）激光光源激发癌组织或癌前病变组织，使该组织产生自体荧光，并作快速记录，以光谱图显示６３０ｎｍ和／或６９０ｎｍ波长处或附近有特征性峰出现诊断为癌及癌前病变。对象和方法有上消化道症状进行内镜检查并作了激光荧光检查和活检病理检查的５８４...     

激光诱发自体荧光光谱联合内镜技术在肿瘤诊断中的应用

随着荧光物理学与医学相结合的交叉学科的蓬勃发展,激光诱发自体荧光光谱联合内镜技术为肿瘤的早期发现提供了一种重要的方法.他具有灵敏、无创等优点.本文就激光诱发自体荧光光谱产生的机制以及其与内镜技术相结合应用与肿瘤诊断领域的研究现状和发展情况进行综述.     

不同分化程度胃癌与内镜下自发荧光光谱的关系

目的 :研究体内不同分化程度胃癌的自发荧光光谱表现特征,初步探索提高自发荧光光谱诊断准确性的方法。方法:纳入2010年1月至12月我院88例患者,均接受了普通胃镜检查和激光诱发自发荧光光谱检测,其中内镜病理诊断为胃癌者73例,慢性胃炎者15例。在400~700 nm间每隔50 nm测定1个荧光样本。病灶和邻近组织正常黏膜分别取活组织检查(活检),病理提示胃癌的患者进行外科手术治疗。胃癌患者根据分化程度分组,比较不同病理类型胃癌的自发荧光值差异。结果:73例胃癌患者根据胃癌分化程度分成3组,高分化胃癌组(H组)32例,中分化胃癌组(M组)16例,低分化胃癌组(L组)25例。15例慢性胃炎患者均为慢性萎缩性胃炎,为良性胃炎组。在450~550 nm波段,荧光强度与胃癌分化程度呈正相关(r450 nm=0.653,P<0.01),H组和M组分别与良性胃炎组比较,其荧光强度均存在显著差异(均P     

荧光-电信号转换系统对内镜活检的引导作用

目的 内镜下激光诱发荧光活检引导技术已日趋成熟。但仪器的昂贵限制了这种技术的开发与使用，本研究拟采用光-电信号转换系统代替弱光检测仪（OMA），进行临床验证。方法 根据42例已知胃肠道癌组织的荧光谱特征，建立两个荧光判别公式。依据公式要求，研制新的荧光活检引导仪，以该仪器和OMA仪同步检测15例体外胃肠道癌和40例内镜下疑为癌的病例，并计算机判断敏感性和特异性。结果 1、根据已知病例，建立了癌判别公式：（1）组织荧光总能量=359-659nm的荧光积分；（2）组织荧光能量积分比=W395-460nm/W460-659nm。以公式（2）判别15例体外胃肠道癌的敏感性为93.3%，特异性100.0%。以公式（2）判别内镜下胃肠道癌的敏感性为90.0%，特异性为92.5%。结论 该仪器可协助内镜医师实时，无创地判断镜下病变性质，新的荧光活检引导仪在判别胃肠道良，恶性病变的效能上与国际上广泛应用的OMA相等，仪器的成本仅相当于购入OMA检测设备的十分之一。     

胃液固有荧光光谱、pH值和潜血检测对胃癌诊断价值的临床研究

背景:胃癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,已有研究显示胃液固有荧光光谱检测对于胃癌的诊断具有一定意义。目的:评价胃液固有荧光光谱、pH值和潜血检测用于胃癌诊断的临床价值。方法:随机选取719例行胃镜检查者的胃液标本,有效例数为712例(其中胃癌24例,重度异型增生1例)。将胃液离心、过滤、稀释10倍,使用荧光分光光度计进行固有荧光光谱检测;使用试纸检测胃液pH值和潜血。结果:稀释胃液固有荧光光谱有P1、P2、P3和P4四个峰,胃癌组P2、P4的荧光强度P2FI、P4FI显著高于各胃内良性病变组(P<0.05)。参照既往研究结果,以P2FI≥111.80(发射光波长为320～360nm)作为恶性病变判定标准,以胃镜活检标本病理检查结果作为金标准,胃液固有荧光光谱检测诊断胃癌的敏感性为70.8%,特异性为80.3%。胃癌组的胃液pH值显著高于除胃溃疡组外的其他胃内良性病变组(P<0.05),但其胃液潜血阳性率与各胃内良性病变组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。在45岁以上的受检者中,以P2FI≥111.80或胃液pH≥5作为恶性病变判定标准,其诊断胃癌的敏感性为83.3%,特异性为71.4%。结论:胃液固有荧光光谱检测如要推广应用于胃癌的筛查和诊断,还需进行进一步的临床研究加以验证。但在高危人群中进行包括胃液固有荧光光谱和pH值检测在内的胃液检测,将是一种     

固有荧光癌症诊断仪对胃部病变的诊断价值

目的 探索激光诱发固有荧光光谱诊断仪(IFS-I)对胃癌病变的诊断价值.方法 胃镜下收集66例病例,共74个病灶的固有荧光光谱.将三种光谱特征与病理结果相对照,分析诊断方法 的敏感度、特异度和准确率.结果三种光谱特征中符合任意1条即为阳性的诊断敏感度最高,可用于胃癌和良性增生性病变的普查.在(460±20)nm波长处荧光特征的诊断特异性最高,可用于胃癌的精查.结论激光诱发固有荧光光谱诊断仪在胃癌及癌前病变的普查和胃癌明确诊断方面具有较好的应用前景.     

激光诱导大鼠大肠早癌组织自体荧光光谱特征

目的:探索激光诱导大肠早癌组织自体荧光光谱特征.方法:采用二甲肼ip法建立SD大鼠大肠癌动物模型,对大鼠结肠和直肠可疑病变或肿块部位用370 nm激光照射,诱导组织产生自体荧光并收集光谱后取材,根据病理诊断分为正常组、早期癌组、进展期癌组,分析各组光谱特征.结果:正常64例,早期癌78例,进展期癌84例,共226例.各组光谱在460 nm和505 nm处附近有波峰;正常组460 nm左右波峰对应的波长与早期癌组、进展期癌组对应波长比较差异有显著性(457.66±3.28 vs 467.87±7.71,468.60±4.53,P＜0.05).73%(61/84)的进展期大肠癌组织、69%(54/78)的早期大肠癌组织荧光光谱在635 nm附近有荧光峰,而正常组织缺乏该峰.早期癌组和进展期癌组自体荧光在460nm处的荧光强度比在正常组相应强度弱.早期癌组和进展期癌组I635/I460(1.9507±1.1460,2.1368±1.4721)和I635/I600值(0.4215±0.2582,0.4482±0.2309)分别较正常组I635/I460和I635/I600值大且差异有显著性(0.7494±0.1077,0.1416±0.0439,P＜0.05).结论:激光诱导的鼠大肠正常组织与大肠癌组织(包括早期和进展期大肠癌)自体荧光光谱之间存在差异,自体荧光光谱部分特征可用于大肠癌早期诊断.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.