Liver abscess after implantation of dental prosthesis

Pyogenic liver abscesses are rare but a life-threatening important condition. Dental procedures constitute only rare cases of pyogenic liver abscesses, with only a few cases in the literature. We report a patient with liver abscess following a dental procedure. A 74 years old diabetic male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fatigue, 40 ℃ fever, rigors and right upper quadrant pain, 3-4 d after a dental procedure. Physical examination revealed fever and tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Laboratory examination revealed leucocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Creactive protein and moderately elevated transaminases. An abscess was detected in radiological examination in the medial part of the left lobe of liver, neighboring the gall bladder. He was suc-cessfully treated with percutaneous abscess drainage and antibiotherapy.     

Hepatitis B in healthcare workers: Transmission events and guidance for management

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is the most efficiently transmissible of the bloodborne viruses that are important in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers(HCWs)are at risk for exposure to HBV from infected patients and, if infected, are similarly at risk of transmitting HBV to patients. Published cases of HBV transmission from HCW to patient are relatively rare, having decreased in frequency following the introduction of standard(universal) precautions, adoption of enhanced percutaneous injury precautions such as double-gloving in surgery, and routine HBV vaccination of HCWs. Here we review published cases of HCW-to-patient transmission of HBV, details of which have helped to guide the creation of formal guidelines for the management of HBV-infected HCWs. We also compare the published guidelines for the management of HBV-infected HCWs from various governing bodies, focusing on their differences with regard to vaccination requirements, viral load limits, frequency of monitoring, and restrictions on practice. Importantly, while there are differences among the recommendations from governing bodies, no guidelines uniformly restrict HBV-infected HCWs from performing invasive or exposure-prone procedures.     

Segmental gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer

AIM: To describe a new surgical technique and evaluate the early results of segmental gastrectomy (SG) with modified D2 lymph node (LN) dissection for early gastric cancer (EGC). METHODS: Fourteen patients with EGC underwent SG with modified D2 dissection from 2006 to 2008. Their operative results and postoperative courses were compared with those of 17 patients who had distal gastrectomy (DG) for EGC during the same period. RESULTS: Operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay were similar between the 2 g...     

Rate and yield of repeat upper endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia

AIM: To determine the rate and yield of repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for dyspepsia in clinical practice,whether second opinions drive its use,and whether it is performed at the expense of colorectal cancer screening.METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent repeat EGD for dyspepsia from 1996 to 2006 at the University of California,San Francisco endoscopy service.RESULTS: Of 24 780 EGDs,5460 (22%) were performed for dyspepsia in 4873 patients.Of these,451 pat...     

Simultaneous endoscopic and video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement in walled-off pancreatic necrosis using a laparoscopic access platform:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Infected walled-off necrosis is a potentially life-threatening complication of necrotizing pancreatitis.While some patients can be treated by drainage alone,many patients also need evacuation of the infected debris.Central necroses in relation to the pancreatic bed are easily reached via an endoscopic transluminal approach,whereas necroses that involve the paracolic gutters and the pelvis are most efficiently treated via a percutaneous approach.Large and complex necroses may need a combination of the two methods.CASE SUMMARY Transluminal and percutaneous drainage followed by simultaneous endoscopic and modified video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement was carried out in two patients with very large(32-38 cm),infected walled-off necroses using a laparoscopic access platform.After 34 d and 86 d and a total of 9 and 14 procedures,respectively,complete regression of the walled-off necroses was achieved.The laparoscopic access platform improved both access to the cavities as well as the overview.Simultaneous transluminal and percutaneous necrosectomy are feasible with the laparoscopic access platform serving as a useful adjunctive.CONCLUSION This approach may be necessary to control infection and achieve regression in some patients with complex collections.     

Optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques improves diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in assessment of small bowel obstruction compared with conventional axial and coronal reformations

BACKGROUND Axial and coronal reformations have been a widely used image post-processing protocol for the ordinary multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)examination of patients with small bowel obstruction(SBO) or other abdominal diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO is expected to be further improved through the use of multiple post-processing techniques.AIM To systemically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of an optimized protocol using multiple post-processing techniques for MDCT assessment of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 106 patients with clinically suspected SBO. Two readers applied three protocols to image post-processing and interpretation of patients' MDCT volume data. We compared the three protocols based on time spent, number of images, diagnostic self-confidence,agreement, detection rate, and accuracy of detection of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.RESULTS Protocol 2 resulted in more time spent and number of images than protocols 1 and 3(P < 0.01), but the results of the two readers using the same protocol were not different(P > 0.05). Using protocol 3, both readers added multiple postprocessing techniques at frequencies of 29.2% and 34.9%, respectively, for obstruction cause, and 32.1% and 30.2%, respectively, for secondary bowel ischemia. Protocols 2 and 3 had higher total detection rates of obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia than protocol 1(P < 0.01), but no difference was detected between protocols 2 and 3(P > 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of protocols 2 and 3 were superior to those of protocol 1 for evaluating obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia.CONCLUSION Our optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques can both guarantee efficiency and improve diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.     

Spinal cord involvement in patients with cirrhosis

A severe spinal cord involvement may rarely occur in patients with cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases;this complication is usually associated with overt liver failure and surgical or spontaneous porto-systemic shunt.Hepatic myelopathy(HM)is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower extremities,while sensory and sphincter disturbances have rarely been described and are usually less important.The diagnosis is assigned in the appropriate clinical setting on clinical grounds after the exclusion of other clinical entities leading to spastic paraparesis.Magnetic resonance imaging is often unremarkable;however,also intracerebral corticospinal tract abnor-malities have been reported recently.The study of motor evoked potentials may disclose central conduction abnormalities even before HM is clinically manifest.HM responds poorly to blood ammonia-lowering and other conservative medical therapy.Liver transplantation represents a potentially definitive treatment for HM in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of Child-Pugh B and C grades.Other surgical treatment options in HM include surgical ligation,shunt reduction,or occlusion by interventional procedures.     

Prognostic impact of the Bismuth-Corlette classification:Higher rates of local unresectability in stageⅢb hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background:The Bismuth-Corlette(BC)classification is used to categorize hilar cholangiocarcinoma by proximal extension along the biliary tree.As the right hepatic artery crosses just behind the left bile duct,we hypothesized that BCⅢb tumors would have a higher likelihood of local unresectability due to involvement of the contralateral artery.Methods:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma taken to the operating room for intended curative resection between April 2008 and September 2016.Cases were assigned BC stages based on preoperative imaging.Results:Sixty-eight patients were included in the study.All underwent staging laparoscopy after which 16 cases were aborted for metastatic disease.Of the remaining 52 cases,14 cases were explored and aborted for locally advanced disease.Thirty-eight underwent attempt at curative resection.After exclud-ing cases aborted for metastatic disease,the chance of proceeding with resection was 55.6%for BCⅢb staged lesions compared to 80.0%of BCⅢa lesions and to 82.4%for BCⅠ-Ⅲa staged lesions(P<0.05).About 44.4%of BCⅢb lesions were aborted for locally advanced disease versus 17.6%of remaining BC stages.Conclusions:When hilar cholangiocarcinoma is preoperatively staged as BCⅢb,surgeons should antici-pate higher rates of locally unresectable disease,likely involving the right hepatic artery.     

Mini-invasive vs open resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The safety and feasibility of the simultaneous resection of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) have been demonstrated in some studies. Combined resection is expected to be the optimal strategy for patients with CRC and SCRLM. However, traditional laparotomy is traumatic, and the treatment outcome of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is still obscure. AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of MIS and open surgery (OS) for the simultaneous resection of CRC and SCRLM. METHODS A systematic search through December 22, 2018 was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library). All studies comparing the clinical outcomes of MIS and OS for patients with CRC and SCRLM were included by eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software. The quality of the pooled study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and the Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Fixed- and random-effects models were applied according to heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten retrospective cohort studies involving 502 patients (216 patients in the MIS group and 286 patients in the OS group) were included in this study. MIS was associated with less intraoperative blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-130.09, 95% confidence interval (CI):-210.95 to -49.23, P = 0.002] and blood transfusion [odds ratio (OR)= 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.95, P = 0.03], faster recovery of intestinal function (WMD =-0.88 d, 95%CI:-1.58 to -0.19, P = 0.01) and diet (WMD =-1.54 d, 95%CI:-2.30 to -0.78, P < 0.0001), shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (WMD =-4.06 d, 95%CI:-5.95 to -2.18, P < 0.0001), and lower rates of surgical complications (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.99, P = 0.04). However, the operation time, rates and severity of overall complications, and rates of general complications showed no significant differences between the MIS and OS groups. Moreover, the overall survival and disease-free survival after MIS were equivalent to those after OS. CONCLUSION Considering the studies included in this meta-analysis, MIS is a safe and effective alternative technique for the simultaneous resection of CRC and SCRLM. Compared with OS, MIS has less intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion and quicker postoperative recovery. Furthermore, the two groups show equivalent long-term outcomes.     

半月线切口、腹膜外径路在肾上腺、肾及输尿管手术中的应用

经半月线切口、腹膜外径路，显露肾上腺、肾及输尿管进行手术治疗，不仅术野显露满意，而且无1例切口裂开和腹肌萎缩，亦无明显腹壁皮肤感觉障碍，此术式值得临床推广应用。     

The Management of Cecal Volvulus

Cecal volvulus is second only to sigmoid volvulus in its frequency of occurrence. Diagnostic doubt is not uncommon in cecal volvulus; nonoperative decompression is rarely achievable; and if gangrene supervenes, mortality rises appreciably. Resection is mandatory for gangrene and a grossly distended, thin-walled cecum. Cecopexy and cecostomy seem less-effective and more morbid options than resection and anastomosis for viable bowel. However, their role needs reappraisal in the light of advances in minimally invasive techniques.     

结直肠手术中微创技术和理念的进展

近年来随着微创技术的发展,结直肠外科手术取得了重大进步。内镜技术最初作为一项诊查手段,现已越来越多地用于胃肠道疾病的治疗。其中内镜下粘膜切除术和内镜下粘膜剥离术可用于治疗早期结直肠癌,避免了开腹或腹腔镜手术,且体表不遗留手术疤痕。随着器械的完善和技术的进步,腹腔镜技术也已广泛用于结直肠癌的根治性切除,且大量的临床实践证明其具有良好的可行性和安全性。三维腹腔镜的应用改善了术中的视野,提升了腹腔镜操作的精细程度。机器人手术系统的出现则将外科手术引入一个新时代,远程手术得以成功实施,且更加精细灵活的操作可在腹腔镜下狭小的空间里完成。此外,功能学的微创理念日益受到重视。外科医生不仅仅追求更小的切口和创伤,更开始追求更小的应激反应和更快的术后恢复。本文回顾了近年来微创技术和理念的进展,并对微创外科在结直肠手术中的应用做出了展望。     

An investigation of the frequency of bacteraemia following dental extraction,tooth brushing and chewing

Abstract

We conducted a study to determine the frequency of bacteraemias following dental extraction and common oral procedures, namely tooth brushing and chewing, and the relationship between bacteraemia and oral health in black patients. Positive blood cultures were detected in 29.6% of patients after dental extraction, in 10.8% of patients after tooth brushing and in no patients after chewing. No relationship between the state of oral health, which was assessed using the plaque and gingival indices, and the incidence of bacteraemia was found. The duration of bacteraemia was less than 15 minutes. One patient had a positive blood culture prior to dental extraction; his oral health status was poor. Our study confirmed that bacteraemia occurs after tooth brushing.     

Detailed comparison of the da Vinci Xi and S surgical systems for transaxillary thyroidectomy

Robotic surgical systems have evolved over time. The da Vinci Xi system was developed in 2014 and was expected to solve the shortcomings of the previous S system. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare these 2 systems and identify if the Xi system truly improves surgical outcomes.In this retrospective study, a total of 86 patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma without central lymph node involvement underwent gasless transaxillary hemithyroidectomy using 2 robotic systems, the da Vinci S and Xi. Forty patients were in the da Vinci S group and 46 patients were in the da Vinci Xi group. All surgeries were performed by 1 surgeon (YWC). All surgery video files were analyzed to compare the duration of each surgical step.The total operation time was significantly shorter in the Xi group than in the S group (153.0 minutes vs 105.7 minutes, P < .01). Time for robot docking was shorter in the Xi group (19.8 minutes vs 10.6 minutes, P < .01), and all procedures performed in the console also required a shorter time in this group. The overall complication rate did not differ significantly (P = .464).The da Vinci Xi system made robotic thyroidectomy easier and faster without increasing the complication rate. It is a safe and valuable system for robotic thyroidectomy.     

Starting procedures for the isolation and purification of granulocyte chalone activities

Summary Several starting materials and procedures for the extraction and purification of granulocyte chalone activities were tested and evaluated. Among others, leukoadhesion of bovine blood granulocytes on nylon and cotton wool and direct extraction with polar organic solvents were found suitable. Following PVP-leukapheresis ascites fluids were collected from rats, purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G 25 chromatography to yield 2 inhibitors at V_e/V_o=2.1 and 2.6 and one stimulator at 2.0 by the in vitro³H-thymidine test. Fraction 2.1, which has met the criteria of a granulocyte chalone by the diffusion chamber and agar colony test, was found thermostabile and to contain several peptides. Yet evidence for the peptide nature of the inhibitor is not conclusive. Extracts from bovine blood granulocytes contained only the inhibitor at 2.1. Problems related to the in vitro test for chalone activity were discussed.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ma 505/4).     

腹腔镜辅助下胰十二指肠切除术五例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下行胰十二指肠切除的可行性。方法 收集2010年1月至5月行腹腔镜辅助下胰十二指肠切除术的5例患者。其中2例术前诊断为胆总管下端腺癌,2例为十二指 肠降部腺癌,l例术中诊断为胰头癌。术中首先行腹腔镜探查,在腹腔镜下分离并切除胆囊、远端胆管、 远端胃、十二指肠、部分空肠及胰头,然后再剖腹完成消化道重建。结果 5例患者手术顺利,手术时间 平均为(339 t54) min,术中出血量平均为(538 t106) ml,术中无输血;术后平均(4.0±l.O)d恢复肠道 功能,术后(15.8 t4.7)d出院;一例发生胰瘘,经非手术治疗后愈合。结论 腹腔镜辅助下胰十二指肠 切除术具有微创、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点,值得临床上进一步探讨。     

经胃、结肠与经胃、阴道双路径猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术的比较研究

目的 探讨经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合的内镜外科学技术(NOTES)切除猪输卵管和肝脏活检的可行性和安全性.方法 将雌性中国农大小型猪4头分为两组,A组2头经胃、经结肠路径联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术;B组2头经胃、经阴道联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术.术后处死动物并解剖,观察每组发生并发症情况.结果两种联合途径对腹腔内NOTES操作难易程度相仿,均可完成腹腔探查术、输卵管切除术及肝脏活检术.但是当内镜穿过结肠壁进入腹腔时,发生邻近结肠穿孔1例.结论经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合NOTES猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术是可行的,但经阴道路径似乎比经结肠路径更安全.     

经胃、结肠与经胃、阴道双路径猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术的比较研究

目的 探讨经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合的内镜外科学技术(NOTES)切除猪输卵管和肝脏活检的可行性和安全性.方法 将雌性中国农大小型猪4头分为两组,A组2头经胃、经结肠路径联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术;B组2头经胃、经阴道联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术.术后处死动物并解剖,观察每组发生并发症情况.结果两种联合途径对腹腔内NOTES操作难易程度相仿,均可完成腹腔探查术、输卵管切除术及肝脏活检术.但是当内镜穿过结肠壁进入腹腔时,发生邻近结肠穿孔1例.结论经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合NOTES猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术是可行的,但经阴道路径似乎比经结肠路径更安全.     

经胃、结肠与经胃、阴道双路径猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术的比较研究

目的 探讨经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合的内镜外科学技术(NOTES)切除猪输卵管和肝脏活检的可行性和安全性.方法 将雌性中国农大小型猪4头分为两组,A组2头经胃、经结肠路径联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术;B组2头经胃、经阴道联合腹腔内镜探查术及输卵管切除术.术后处死动物并解剖,观察每组发生并发症情况.结果两种联合途径对腹腔内NOTES操作难易程度相仿,均可完成腹腔探查术、输卵管切除术及肝脏活检术.但是当内镜穿过结肠壁进入腹腔时,发生邻近结肠穿孔1例.结论经胃、经结肠路径联合与经胃、经阴道路径联合NOTES猪输卵管切除术和肝脏活检术是可行的,但经阴道路径似乎比经结肠路径更安全.