Th17/调节性T细胞在类风湿关节炎中的作用及其意义

目的 探讨Th1,Th2,Th17,调节性T细胞分化及相关细胞因子在类风湿关节炎(RA)发病机制的相关性.方法 选取71例RA患者作为试验对象,并根据DAS28评分,分为高、中、低活动组,采集试验对象及健康对照组(18名)外周血,采用流式细胞术分别检测Th1,Th2,Th17及调节性T细胞在RA患者不同活动组的百分率.统计学方法采用t检验.结果 RA患者外周血Th1[(6.2±4.5)％],Th17[(1.1±0.9)％],调节性T细胞[(1.8±1.2)％]所占外周细胞比例与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且Th1,Th17,调节性T细胞比例与DAS28评分有关.结论 Th1,Th17细胞参与疾病的发生、发展;Th2、调节性T细胞可能阻止疾病的进一步发展.     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白对类风湿关节炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞亚群的调节作用

目的 观察活动期类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血CD4+D25+FOXP3+调节性T细胞数量和比例的变化,探讨重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(TNFRⅡ-Fc)对调节性T细胞亚群的调节作用.方法 ①选择40例活动期中重度RA患者,按随机、双盲、平行、安慰剂对照的原则分为TNFR Ⅱ-Fc+甲氨蝶呤联合治疗组和甲氨蝶呤对照治疗组,共治疗12周,采用流式细胞术分析并比较2组患者治疗前后外周血CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+调节性T细胞的表达比例,并同期选择40名健康体检者作平行比较.②比较2组患者治疗不同时期疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、28个关节疾病活动指数(DAS28)、健康评估问卷(HAQ)平均分.计量资料组间比较采用配对t检验.结果 ①活动期RA患者外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+细胞比例显著低于健康对照组[(5.4±1.4)％与(7.5±1.5)％,P＜0.01 ];TNFRⅡ-Fc+甲氨蝶呤联合治疗12周后,CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+细胞比例显著高于治疗前[(7.0±1.2)％与(5.2±1.6)％,P＜0.01].联合治疗组CD4+CD25TOXP3+细胞比例增高的幅度显著高于甲氨蝶呤治疗组[(7.0±1.2)％与( 5.6±0.7)％,P＜0.01].②治疗12周后,联合治疗组VAS评分、DAS28评分、HAQ平均分均优于甲氨蝶呤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 TNFRⅡ-Fc联合甲氨蝶呤治疗的疗效优于单纯甲氨蝶呤治疗,TNFRⅡ-Fc可提高活动期RA患者血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例,可能是其治疗RA的一个重要机制.     

重组人细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4抗体融合蛋白对类风湿关节炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞的影响

目的 探讨应用重组人细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原(CTLA)-4抗体融合蛋白(rhCTLA-41g)治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)患者的临床疗效及对患者外周血辅助性T细胞17(Th17)和调节性T细胞的影响.方法 48例处于活动期的RA患者按1:1的比例随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组接受12周的rhCTLA-4Ig(10mg/kg)治疗;对照组接受12周的安慰剂治疗.以美国风湿病学会RA20％改善标准(ACR20)及疾病活动指数(DAS)28观察临床疗效;同时用流式细胞术检测受试者外周血Th17的变化,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测外周血单个核细胞中FoxP3表达水平的变化.采用t检验和x2检验进行统计学分析.结果 ①治疗后12周治疗组24例中18例达ACR20改善,达ACR20改善的患者比例为75％,对照组中有1例(4％)达ACR20改善,2组差异有统计学意义(x2=25.176,P＜0.01);治疗后12周DAS28评分治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(分别为3.0±0.7,6.9±0.7,t=-12.39,P＜0.01).②治疗后治疗组RA患者外周血表达IL17A的单个核细胞为(0.22±0.20)％,对照组为(1.63±0.47)％,治疗组较对照组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(t=5.61,P＜0.05).③治疗组FoxP3 mRNA的表达(0.88±0.18)较对照组(0.24±0.05)明显增高,差异有统计学意义(t=7.56,P＜0.01).结论 rhCTLA-4Ig治疗RA临床表现和实验室指标明显改善,且外周血中TH17细胞及调节性T细胞的失衡程度有明显恢复.     

Th17及调节性T细胞及相关因子在颈动脉粥样硬化发生过程中的作用及其机制

目的探讨T辅助性17(Th17)细胞及CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T(Treg)细胞及相关因子在颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者外周血中的表达水平及Th17细胞影响AS发病的机制。方法选取2012年7月至2014年7月来该院治疗的AS患者(60例)为研究组,选取同期来该院体检的健康人群为对照组(40例),采用流式细胞术检测AS患者及正常人外周血中Th17细胞及Treg细胞水平,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测两组人群外周血中白介素(IL)-17以及转化生长因子(TGF)-β的水平;采用RT-PCR法检测两组人群外周血中转录因子RORγT及Foxp3的mRNA水平。结果 AS患者中Th17细胞比例,血清IL-17水平及外周血RORγT mRNA水平显著高于AS对照组;Treg细胞比例、血清TGF-β水平及外周血Foxp3mRNA水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论 Th17细胞及相关因子可能参与促进AS的产生,Treg细胞及相关因子可能参与抑制AS的产生,阻断AS患者体内的IL-17可能作为治疗AS的潜在手段。     

肝癌患者外周血淋巴细胞转录因子的表达及意义

目的研究原发性肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的Th1-、Th2-特异性转录因子(TF)T-bet、GATA mRNA表达水平及意义。方法选取23例初次诊断为肝癌并需外科手术治疗的患者为肝癌组,体检中心健康者21例为对照组。采集所有受试者空腹外周静脉血标本,用含有淋巴细胞分离液的淋巴细胞分离管分离外周静脉血淋巴细胞。采用荧光实时定量PCR(RTq PCR)测定PBMC的T-bet mRNA和GATA-3 mRNA表达水平。结果肝癌组PBMC的T-bet mRNA水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01);肝癌组GATA-3 mRNA水平显著高于对照组(P=0.024)。肝癌组PBMC T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA比值较对照组显著降低(P=0.031)。结论原发肝癌患者PMBC T-bet表达降低、GATA-3表达增加,T-bet/GATA-3比值显著降低,且GATA-3表达显著,显示在转录水平存在Th2细胞漂移。     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ一Fc融合蛋白联合甲氨蝶呤治疗中重度活动性类风湿关节炎的临床和放射学疗效评估

目的 评价重组人肿瘤坏死因子受体Ⅱ-Fc融合蛋白(TNFRⅡ-Fc,商品名:安佰诺)治疗中重度活动性类风湿关节炎(RA)的临床和影像学疗效.方法 396例RA患者随机分为联合用药组、TNFRⅡ-Fc组和甲氨蝶呤组,疗程均为24周,单因素方差分析美国风湿病学会(ACR)-N、ACR20、ACR50、ACR70、疾病活动指数(DAS )28和治疗前后双手的X线Sharp评分(SHS)等疗效和安全性指标.结果 治疗24周后,ACR-N的年改善率联合组为(12.79±9.24)％,TNFRⅡ-Fc组为(9.56±11.16)％,甲氨蝶呤组为(5.08±11.10)％,联合用药组优于TNFRⅡ-Fc组和甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.05),TNFRⅡ-Fc组优于甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.05).ACR20的达标率联合组(80.4％)优于TNFR Ⅱ -Fc组(71.1％)和甲氨蝶呤组(56.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).治疗24周后,联合组ACR50和ACR70的达标率分别为53.6％和27.7％,TNFRⅡ-Fc组为41.2％和15.8％,甲氨蝶呤组为30.8％和7.7％,联合组ACR50达标率优于甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.01),联合组ACR70达标率优于TNFRⅡ-Fc组和甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).联合组的DAS28-红细胞沉降率(ESR)改善优于TNFRⅡ-Fc组和甲氨蝶呤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).双手SHS评分治疗前后差值联合组(-1.7±11.2)较甲氨蝶呤组(2.1±11.5)显著下降(P=0.03).联合组不良反应发生率(40.9％)高于甲氨蝶呤组(28.8％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 本研究显示TNFRⅡ-Fc联合甲氨蝶呤较单独使用TNFRⅡ-Fc或甲氨蝶呤能更有效控制RA的活动性和影像学进展.     

Th17细胞/调节性T细胞偏倚在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL)-17+CD4+炎症性T细胞(Th17细胞)和Foxp3+CD4+调节性T细胞在类风湿关节炎(RA)的相互关系及可能机制.方法 采用前瞻性随机开放研究.测定RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞及Foxp3+CD4+T细胞的比例变化及其相关细胞因子转化生长因子(TGF)-β、IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平.结果 RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞明显升高(P<0.01),而Foxp3+CD4+T细胞明显降低(P<0.01).同时,血清中IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平明显升高(均P<0.01),而TGF-β水平无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 RA患者Th17细胞数量增高,而调节性T细胞数量减少,体内相关细胞因子的变化是引起上述改变的重要原因.     

Th17细胞/调节性T细胞偏倚在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL)-17+CD4+炎症性T细胞(Th17细胞)和Foxp3+CD4+调节性T细胞在类风湿关节炎(RA)的相互关系及可能机制.方法 采用前瞻性随机开放研究.测定RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞及Foxp3+CD4+T细胞的比例变化及其相关细胞因子转化生长因子(TGF)-β、IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平.结果 RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞明显升高(P<0.01),而Foxp3+CD4+T细胞明显降低(P<0.01).同时,血清中IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平明显升高(均P<0.01),而TGF-β水平无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 RA患者Th17细胞数量增高,而调节性T细胞数量减少,体内相关细胞因子的变化是引起上述改变的重要原因.     

Th17细胞/调节性T细胞偏倚在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 探讨白细胞介素(IL)-17+CD4+炎症性T细胞(Th17细胞)和Foxp3+CD4+调节性T细胞在类风湿关节炎(RA)的相互关系及可能机制.方法 采用前瞻性随机开放研究.测定RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞及Foxp3+CD4+T细胞的比例变化及其相关细胞因子转化生长因子(TGF)-β、IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平.结果 RA患者外周血IL-17+CD4+T细胞明显升高(P<0.01),而Foxp3+CD4+T细胞明显降低(P<0.01).同时,血清中IL-6、IL-23和IL-17水平明显升高(均P<0.01),而TGF-β水平无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 RA患者Th17细胞数量增高,而调节性T细胞数量减少,体内相关细胞因子的变化是引起上述改变的重要原因.     

重组抗肿瘤坏死因子-α人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体对类风湿关节炎患者RANK/RANKL/骨保护素系统的影响

目的 探讨重组抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体(Infliximab)对类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血核因子κB受体因子(RANK)/核因子κB受体活化因子(RANKL)/骨保护素系统的影响.方法 50例经严格筛选的类风湿关节炎(RA)患者按随机分配原则分为2组.一组患者接受Infliximab(3 mg/kg)+甲氨蝶呤治疗;一组患者接受甲氨蝶呤单独治疗作为对照,分别于0、2、6、14周给药.观察0周与18周Infliximab治疗组与对照组患者相关临床指标的改变,对比外周血中RANK、RANKL mRNA表达情况以及血清中骨保护素蛋白水平的变化.用t检验和x2检验做统计学分析.结果 经Infliximab治疗后,在RA患者关节放射成像中,可以观察到骨破坏程度有减缓趋势.与对照组比较,Infliximab治疗组(病史＞1年)患者骨丢失情况得到控制;Infliximab治疗组(0周:80.25;18周:63.2)与对照组(0周:83.37;18周:30.87)患者外周血中RANK、RANKL mRNA表达水平均下降(P＞0.05);与对照组比较,Infliximab可使RA患者外周血骨保护素/RANKL比值下降趋势减缓.虽然,经甲氨蝶呤或Infliximab+甲氨蝶呤治疗后,对照组[0周:(238±15)pg/ml;18周:(118±l0)pg/ml]和Infliximab治疗组[0周:(223±6)pg/ml;18周:(162±6)pg/ml)]患者血清中骨保护素水平均下降(P＞0.05),但Infliximab治疗组患者血清骨保护素下降趋势得以减缓.结论 RA患者经Infliximab联合甲氨蝶呤治疗后,骨破坏受到抑制,其作用机制可能是部分通过对RANK/RANKL/骨保护素系统的调节来行使的.     

糖皮质激素对Th1／Th2平衡的影响

最近10年积累的证据显示,糖皮质激素可抑制抗原提呈细胞和Th1细胞表达自细胞介素（IL）-12、干扰素（IFN）-γ、IFN-α和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α,而上调Th2细胞表达IL-4、IL-10和IL-13。通过以上机制,使用糖皮质激素会选择性抑制Th1介导的细胞免疫,并向Th2介导的体液免疫偏移,而不是对Th1和Th2均产生抑制。在免疫反应和炎症反应过程中,应激系统激活,糖皮质激素水平升高,诱导向Th2偏移,从而使机体免于Th1／促炎细胞因子和激活的巨噬细胞产生的其他产物的损伤。尽管如此,引起糖皮质激素水平较大变化的情况,如急性或慢性应激、剧烈运动、妊娠、产褥期等,均可通过调节Th1／Th2细胞平衡而引起感染和自身免疫、变态反应性疾病或改变其敏感性。     

Evaluation of T cell responses in healing and nonhealing leishmaniasis reveals differences in T helper cell polarization ex vivo and in vitro

Experimental leishmaniasis is widely used to study the effector functions of T helper cell subsets in vivo . Healing and nonhealing Leishmania major infections have been correlated with T helper 1 and T helper 2 responses, respectively. In the present study, we determined T cell effector functions ex vivo , without any further restimulation and compared them to those obtained following antigen-specific restimulation in vitro . Our results show that T helper cell responses are significantly less polarized when determined ex vivo as compared to those measured after restimulation in vitro . Moreover, the differences in CD4⁺ T cell proliferation observed between healer and nonhealer strains of mice differed ex vivo and in vitro . Our results suggest that determination of both ex vivo as well as in vitro T cell responses is crucial to characterize immune responses during experimental leishmaniasis.     

Activated rat hepatic stellate cells influence Th1/Th2 profile in vitro

AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assessed after 24 or 48 h. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then cultured with or without activated HSCs for 24 or 48 h and the proportion of Th1 [interferon(IFN)-γ+] and Th2 [interleukin(IL)-4+] cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis was assessed after 24 h of co-culture using a caspase-3 staining procedure. Differentiation rates of Th1 and Th2 cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes that were positive for CD25 but did not express IFN-γ or IL-4 were also assessed after 48 h of co-culture with activated HSCs. Galectin-9 expression in HSCs was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. ELISA was performed to assess galectin-9 secretion from activated HSCs.RESULTS: Co-culture of CD4+ T lymphocytes with activated rat HSCs for 48 h significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells compared to culture-alone conditions(-1.73% ± 0.71%; P 0.05), whereas the proportion of Th2 cells was not altered; the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased(-0.44 ± 0.13; P 0.05). In addition, the level of IFN-γ in Th1 cells wasdecreased(-65.71 ± 9.67; P 0.01), whereas the level of IL-4 in Th2 cells was increased(82.79 ± 25.12; P 0.05) by co-culturing, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates in Th1(12.27% ± 0.99%; P 0.01) and Th2(1.71% ± 0.185%; P 0.01) cells were increased 24 h after co-culturing with activated HSCs; the Th1 cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher than in Th2 cells(P 0.01). Galectin-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in HSCs only 24 h after coculturing(P 0.05) but not after 48 h. Co-culture for 48 h significantly increased the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; however, the increase in the proportion of Th2 cells was significantly higher than that of Th1 cells(1.85% ± 0.48%; P 0.05).CONCLUSION: Activated rat HSCs lower the Th1/Th2 profile, inhibiting the Th1 response and enhancing the Th2 response, and this may be a novel pathway for liver fibrogenesis.     

γδT细胞在肺部铜绿假单胞菌感染的研究现状

γδT细胞是T细胞的一个亚群，存在Th1／Th2免疫模式，主要分布在皮肤、肠道、呼吸道及泌尿生殖道的黏膜和皮下组织，在感染性疾病的免疫应答中发挥着第一道防线的作用。铜绿假单胞菌是临床常见的致病菌，感染所诱发的免疫反应是以Th2型为主，伴有明显的第Ⅲ型超敏反应所导致的器官损害。铜绿假单胞菌感染时γδT细胞明显升高，γδT细胞可能通过分泌不同的细胞因子影响Th1／Th2平衡，进而影响铜绿假单胞菌感染性疾病的发生、发展。     

炎症性肠病患者外周血辅助性T细胞1和辅助性T细胞17水平及其临床意义

 目的 探讨炎症性肠病（IBD）患者外周血Th1和Th17细胞水平对IBD发病及活动度的意义。方法 收集2011年5月至2012年7月健康对照者40例和IBD患者81例［其中克罗恩病（CD）39例,溃疡性结肠炎（UC）42例］,采集外周血标本。分离外周血单个核细胞,经PMA及伊屋诺霉素联合刺激、培养后,利用流式细胞仪检测Th1和Th17细胞在外周血CD⁺₄T细胞中的百分比,并结合临床资料分析其临床意义。结果 （1）CD组及UC组Th1细胞百分比［(38.32±16.18)%和(34.23±11.60)%］均明显高于健康对照组［(24.58±10.02)%］（P值均<0.01）,而CD组及UC组的差异无统计学意义;CD及UC缓解期患者的Th1细胞百分比均低于活动期患者［(26.50±9.24)%比(48.46±13.83)%,P<0.01;(30.05±7.41)%比(37.68±13.35)%,P<0.05］。（2）CD组及UC组Th17细胞百分比［(2.51±1.59)%和(4.15±2.75)%］均高于健康对照组［(1.44±0.73)%］（P值均<0.01）,且UC组这一比例高于CD组（P<0.01）;CD及UC活动期患者的Th17细胞百分比明显高于缓解期患者［(3.39±1.56)%比(1.48±0.81)%,(5.77±2.77)%比(2.18±0.59)%,P值均<0.01］。（3）UC组外周血Th17/Th1比值（0.14±0.11）高于CD组（0.08±0.06）和健康对照组（0.07±0.06）,P值均<0.01。结论 IBD患者外周血中Th1、Th17细胞占CD⁺₄T细胞比例较健康人群明显升高,且与IBD活动度密切相关。Th1和Th17细胞在IBD发病中可能具有重要作用。     

Toso controls encephalitogenic immune responses by dendritic cells and regulatory T cells

The ability to mount a strong immune response against pathogens is crucial for mammalian survival. However, excessive and uncontrolled immune reactions can lead to autoimmunity. Unraveling how the reactive versus tolerogenic state is controlled might point toward novel therapeutic strategies to treat autoimmune diseases. The surface receptor Toso/Faim3 has been linked to apoptosis, IgM binding, and innate immune responses. In this study, we used Toso-deficient mice to investigate the importance of Toso in tolerance and autoimmunity. We found that Toso^−/− mice do not develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. Toso^−/− dendritic cells were less sensitive to Toll-like receptor stimulation and induced significantly lower levels of disease-associated inflammatory T-cell responses. Consistent with this observation, the transfer of Toso^−/− dendritic cells did not induce autoimmune diabetes, indicating their tolerogenic potential. In Toso^−/− mice subjected to EAE induction, we found increased numbers of regulatory T cells and decreased encephalitogenic cellular infiltrates in the brain. Finally, inhibition of Toso activity in vivo at either an early or late stage of EAE induction prevented further disease progression. Taken together, our data identify Toso as a unique regulator of inflammatory autoimmune responses and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.More than 5% of the populations of Western countries suffer from inflammatory autoimmune diseases (1). In all cases, a hyperactivated immune system is responsible for the initiation of autoimmunity. In the periphery, inflammatory T cells such as IL-17–producing Th (Th17) and IFN-γ–producing Th1 cells are controlled by suppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells (2). Numeric or functional imbalance of these various T-cell populations can result in autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. How the immune system limits self-reactive inflammatory responses in healthy individuals, and how these mechanisms fail in patients, is still under intensive investigation.The transmembrane receptor Toso belongs to the Ig superfamily, and its cytoplasmic domain shows homology to Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (3). Toso has been implicated in the regulation of CD95 (Fas/Apo1)- and TNF receptor (TNFR)-dependent T-cell apoptosis, and is highly overexpressed in apoptosis-resistant B-cell lymphomas (3–6). Toso also functions as an Fc receptor for IgM, and so may be important for B-cell development (7–10). Recently, Toso expression was detected on granulocytes and monocytes and Toso was linked to the homeostasis and activation of the innate immune system (11–13). However, the precise physiological relevance of Toso’s multifaceted functionality is still unknown.In this study, we investigated the impact of loss of Toso on inflammatory autoimmune responses. Toso-deficient (Toso^−/−) mice were less susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Disease resistance was dependent on Toso’s function in dendritic cells (DCs). DCs from Toso^−/− mice initiated less intense inflammatory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses that were associated with reduced immunopathology. Toso^−/− DCs induced more Tregs than controls. Finally, interference with Toso activity in vivo significantly decreased the burden of EAE disease following induction. Our findings indicate that Toso is a crucial mediator of inflammatory autoimmune responses in vivo.     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血疱疹病毒DNA的检测及其Th亚群激活状况研究

目的　研究类风湿关节炎 (RA)患者疱疹病毒感染情况以及Th亚群的激活状况。方法　通用引物PCR扩增 32份RA患者和 36份健康对照者全血和血清标本EB病毒 (EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、疱疹病毒 (HSV) 1、HSV 2DNA ,并用限制性内切核酸酶SmaⅠ、BamHⅠ进行酶切鉴定 ;酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)法检测 36例RA患者和 2 5名健康对照血清干扰素 (IFN) γ、白细胞介素 14(IL 4)水平 ,并与健康对照组进行比较。结果　①RA患者全血与血清标本疱疹病毒DNA检出率分别为6 2 %和 3 1% ,健康对照组分别为 0和 2 8%。②RA患者血清IFN γ水平 (2 1± 33)pg/ml及IFN γ/IL 4比值 2 5± 2 0显著高于健康对照 (10 1± 2 6 ) pg/ml和 17± 8,P均 <0 0 5。IL 4在两组间的差异无显著性。③IFN γ水平及IFN γ/IL 4比值与RA病情严重程度显著相关。结论　①HSV、EBV、CMV等疱疹病毒DNA检出率与RA发病无相关性。②RA患者体内存在Th1(主要分泌IFN γ)与Th2 (主要分泌IL 4)激活比例失衡的现象。主要分泌致炎性细胞因子的Th1细胞活性增高而主要分泌抗炎性细胞因子的Th2细胞活性相对不足 ,这可能与RA患者慢性持续性关节炎症有关。     

Filaria/Wolbachia activation of dendritic cells and development of Th1-associated responses is dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 in a mouse model of ocular onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate dendritic cell function and activate signals that mediate the nature of the adaptive immune response. The current study examined the role of TLRs in dendritic cell activation and in regulating T cell and antibody responses to antigens from the filarial parasites Onchocerca volvulus and Brugia malayi, which cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, respectively. Bone-marrow-derived CD11c(+) cells from C57BL/6 and TLR4(-/-) mice produced high levels of IL-6 and RANTES, and showed elevated surface CD40 expression, whereas CD11c(+) cells from myeloid differentiation factor 88(-/-) (MyD88(-/-)), TLR2(-/-) and TLR2/4(-/-) mice were not activated. Similarly, IFN-gamma production by splenocytes from immunized TLR2(-/-) mice was significantly impaired compared with splenocytes from C57BL/6 and TLR4(-/-) mice. In contrast, there was no difference among these strains in Th2-associated responses including IL-5 production by splenocytes from immunized animals, serum IgE and IgG(1), or eosinophil infiltration into the corneal stroma. Neutrophil recruitment to the cornea and CXC chemokine production was inhibited in immunized TLR2(-/-) mice compared with C57BL/6 and TLR4(-/-) mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an essential role for TLR2 in filaria-induced dendritic cell activation, IFN-gamma production and neutrophil migration to the cornea, but does not affect filaria-induced Th2-associated responses.     

大鼠支气管哮喘模型γδT细胞Th1/Th2免疫应答模式的研究

目的　探讨γδT细胞在哮喘的免疫应答模式 ,认识γδT细胞亚群在哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法　Wistar大鼠 2 0只 ,随机分为健康对照组与哮喘组 (用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激大鼠 ,制作哮喘模型 ) ,每组 10只。收集外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)和支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF) ,用补体攻击法结合洗淘法选择性培养扩增γδT细胞 ,并用流式细胞术鉴定培养体系中的γδT细胞及其纯度 ,用原位杂交法测γδT细胞白细胞介素 (IL) 4mRNA和干扰素 (IFN)γmRNA的表达 ,用ELISA检测培养上清液中IL 4和IFN γ的浓度。结果　哮喘组大鼠PBMC和BALF中 ,γδT细胞培养上清液中IL 4浓度显著高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,IFN γ浓度低于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;γδT细胞IL 4mRNA表达阳性率高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,IFN γmRNA表达阳性率低于健康对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论γδT细胞或者γδT细胞亚群存在Th1/Th2模式 ,在大鼠哮喘模型呈Th2优势应答 ,γδT细胞参与了哮喘的发病过程。