两种经皮气管切开术的临床应用对比研究

目的对比研究两种经皮气管切开术(PT)即经皮导丝扩张钳技术(GWDF法)和经皮导丝牛角型扩张技术(GWCH法)的临床特点。方法选取入住RICU符合气管切开指征的患者42例,随机分为经皮导丝扩张钳技术组(GWDF法)和经皮导丝牛角型扩张技术组(GWCH法),对两组的手术时间、出血量和手术并发症等进行比较。结果在手术时间方面,经皮导丝牛角型扩张技术略短于经皮导丝扩张钳技术(P>0.05);经皮导丝牛角型扩张技术在出血量和手术并发症方面明显少于经皮导丝扩张钳技术(P<0.05)。结论经皮导丝牛角型扩张技术在减轻手术创伤和减少并发症方面优于经皮导丝扩张钳技术,值得临床推广。     

冠状动脉导丝辅助房间隔穿刺与常规穿刺技术的随机对照研究

目的：冠状动脉导丝辅助房间隔穿刺（transseptal puncture, TSP）与常规穿刺技术的安全有效的研究。方法：共入选TSP患者240例（其中228例心房颤动，12例左侧旁道），进行描述分析。将患者分为导丝组（Wire-TSP,n=120）,TSP使用SWARZ鞘和Brockenbrough房间隔穿刺针，并且穿刺针内芯插入0.36mm冠状动脉导丝，穿刺针一旦穿过房间隔后可将冠状动脉导丝软端推入左心房（left atrium, LA），并送入左上肺静脉（left superior pulmonary vein,LSPV），证实针尖已进入LA。然后将扩张鞘和外鞘淹没针尖进入LA，将穿刺针和冠状动脉导丝交换为0.81mm的导丝，导丝送入LSPV。扩张鞘和外鞘通过0.81mm的导丝进入左心房。常规方法组（Con-TSP,n=120），使用标准TSP方法通过TSP在左心房注射造影剂确认针尖位置。结果：两组患者LAD无明显差异，均能够成功进行TSP建立了LA通道，且没有出现严重并发症。导丝组房间隔一次性穿刺成功率显著高于造影剂组（82.1%vs. 75%,P<0.001）,Wir...     

纤维支气管镜引导下经皮扩张气管切开术6例临床分析

目的探讨纤维支气管镜在危重患者困难经皮扩张气管切开(PDT)中的应用价值。方法 6例患者全部为气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸患者,在纤支镜引导下给予患者实行经皮扩张微创气管切开术(PDT)。结果 6例患者手术均取得成功,手术时间11±3.5 min,术中出血量5～12 ml。结论在纤支镜引导下给予患者行PDT,可以引导穿刺针和导丝准确进入气管,缩短手术时间,提高手术的可靠性与安全性。     

经皮旋转扩张气管切开术在危重病患者中的应用

目的比较经皮旋转扩张气管切开术（PDT）与外科气管切开术（ST）在危重患者中的应用。方法60例危重患者随机分为PDT组和ST组,比较两组手术操作难易程度、操作时间,以及切口大小、出血量、气胸及皮下气肿发生率及伤口感染等手术并发症。结果与ST组相比,PDT操作更简便,明显缩短操作时间,减少手术并发症。结论经皮旋转扩张气管切开术是一种简便、快捷、安全的气管切开技术,是危重患者气管切开的理想选择。     

克服球囊不能通过慢性闭塞病变的新方法：双球囊-导丝交错切割技术--附二例报告

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion, CTO）病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术中,导丝通过闭塞病变而球囊不能通过是导致PCI失败的最常见原因,约占CTO病变PCI患者的10%[1]。解决方法包括更换更强支撑力的指引导管、应用子母导管技术、球囊锚定技术、Tornus导管和斑块旋磨技术等[2-7]。更换支撑力更强的指引导管需导丝重新通过闭塞病变;子母导管技术要求CTO病变近段管腔直径足够大,且有损伤冠状动脉的风险[8];边支球囊锚定技术要求CTO病变近段有直径≥2 mm的分支血管;Tornus导管能提供更强的推送力和通过能力,但费用较高[9];而斑块旋磨技术主要用于严重钙化病变,旋磨导丝操控性较差,有时不能再次通过闭塞病变。Hu等[10]报道的“wire-cutting”技术,主要针对于导丝能够通过而球囊不能通过的CTO病变。即在两根导丝通过病变后,沿其中一根导丝送入球囊至闭塞病变近段斑块纤维帽处,高压扩张压迫并行导丝,然后短促而快速回撤被压迫的并行导丝切割斑块。该方法操作过程中存在指引导管深插损伤冠状动脉开口和导丝断裂风险。笔者原创性提出一种操作相对简单、安全有效的新方法--双球囊-导丝交错切割技术（seesaw balloon-wire cutting technique）（图1）,并通过以下2例报告介绍该技术。     

紧急条件下经皮扩张气管切开术的应用

目的探讨紧急条件下采用经皮扩张气管切开术的安全性及有效性。方法分析我科近两年来在紧急条件下采用经皮扩张气管切开术（PDT）方式建立的人工气道共17例,并与同期行开放性气管切开术（OT）的36例危重患者比较。结果53例患者人工气道均成功建立,未发生操作相关严重并发症。其中PDT在操作时间、出血量、缺氧时间等方面较OT明显减少（P〈0．01）,1例患者发生气管狭窄,但与OT比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论紧急条件下经皮扩张气管切开术是较好的建立人工气道的方式,但需要严格把握适应症。     

静注dofetilide和胺碘酮在紧急终止心房纤颤和心房扑动方面的疗效比较——多中心，随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

目的：该随机试验用于评估激光导丝在治疗慢性冠状动脉闭塞方面的安全性和疗效。方法和结果：18个欧洲中心的303例患有慢性冠状动脉闭塞的病人，被随机分为激光导丝治疗组（n=144)或常规导丝治疗组（机械导丝，n=159)。研究初级终点，即在X线曝光时间30min内，通过指定的导丝到达闭塞远端的真腔为治疗成功，激光导丝与机械导丝的成功率比较：52．8％（n=76)vs47.2%(n=75),p=0.33。继初始导丝试通后的严重不良事件分别为0（激光导丝）和0．6％（机械导丝），179例病人血管成型术（在导丝成功穿通后进行）成功（成功率91％，激光导丝n=79,机械导丝n=100).149例病人（79％）随后置入支架，6个月时的血管造影随访。两者的再狭窄率（激光导丝比机械导丝：45．5％vs38.34%,P=0.72)或再闭塞率（25．8％vs16.1%,P=0.15)方面的差异未达到统计学意义，在1个月，6个月和12个月随访时，心绞痛和无事件生存率为69％，35％和24％（激光导丝）比74％，40％和31％（机械导丝）。结论尽管激光导丝技术是安全的，但是在穿通成功（率）方面的提高并未达到统计学意义。     

PT治疗急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸肌麻痹56例

目的 观察经皮扩张气管切开术(PT)用于急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸肌麻痹患者的效果及安全性.方法 对56例急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸肌麻痹患者采用导丝扩张钳法行PT.结果 成功55例、手术时间(7.6±2.0)min;改行传统气管切开术1例,术中均无严重并发症.结论 对急性有机磷农药中毒呼吸肌麻痹患者行PT具有安全、有效、操作简便、出血量少、创伤小、切口愈合快等优点,值得临床借鉴.     

导丝引导法经皮经肝胆管穿刺引流术的临床应用

目的 采用改良步骤进行经皮经肝胆管穿刺引流术（PTBD），与常规PTBD方法对比，期待减少PTBD相关胆管炎发生率。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年12月因胆道疾病在我院行PTBD治疗的174例患者资料，其中85例为常规步骤操作（常规组），89例在胆管穿刺成功后不注入造影剂，先借助导丝引导穿刺针外套管进入胆管深部，抽取胆汁充分减压后再造影（导丝引导组），比较两种方法的成功率及术后PTBD相关胆管炎发生率。结果 导丝引导组与常规组比较，置管成功率比较差异无统计学意义[94.4%（84/89）比97.6%（83/85），?2=1.200，P=0.273]，但PTBD相关胆管炎发生率低于后者[10.1%（9/89）比21.2%（18/85），?2=5.270，P=0.022]。结论 导丝引导法PTBD与常规方法PTBD比较，操作成功率相当，但可降低术后胆管炎发生率。     

经皮扩张气管切开术与常规手术气管切开术的比较

目的 比较经皮扩张气管切开术(percutaneous dilational tracheostomy，PDT)和常规手术气管切开术(surgical tracheostomy，ST)的效果和并发症。方法 6例病人实施PDT，10例病人实施ST。应用特制的扩张钳进行经皮扩张气管切开术(Griggs技术)。结果 PDT操作时间较ST显缩短，并发症少见。结论 PDT是一种简单、安全、有前途的气管切开术。     

Dilating guide wire: use of a new ultra-low-profile percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty system

The following case reports represent two examples using the newly released Dilating Guide Wire. The balloon-wire system is specifically designed to be used as a steerable percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) guide wire. It can be utilized as a predilatation device in combination with a standard PTCA dilating balloon or as a free-standing dilatation catheter. As applied to the following situations, predilatation proved to be an effective time- and step-saving approach when confronting severely stenosed coronary artery lesions.     

Simultaneous cannulation: a technique for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions

Three patients with indications for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a totally occluded coronary artery also had distal opacification by a collateral vessel. The balloon catheter and guide wire were manipulated proximally through the guide catheter. With a second catheter, angiography of the collateral vessel opacified the occluded artery distal to the obstruction. In all three cases, simultaneous catheterization was safe and aided our assessment of distal vessel contour, length of occlusion, and the intraluminal position of the wire beyond the complete obstruction. We conclude that this technique may improve success rates for dilating chronic total obstructions by allowing safer manipulation of less flexible wires.     

Extravascular migration of a guide wire with perforation of the heart eight months after percutaneous coronary intervention: consequence of a conservative approach

Impingement of a guide wire is not unusual during complex percutaneous coronary intervention procedures. It is mostly retrieved by endovascular procedures. If not possible, conservative therapy is frequently the next option, leaving the guide wire in place. This case describes the consequence of such an approach 9 months after initial percutaneous coronary intervention. The guide wire migrated through the abdominal cavity and finally perforated the heart. We therefore defend a more aggressive approach if a guide wire is locked in or lost. Surgical retrieval seems to be the best choice. Fixation of the guide wire with a stent is an acceptable alternative in high-risk patients.     

Use of exchange wires in coronary angioplasty

A 300 cm exchange guide wire was used as the primary wire in 59 consecutive patients referred for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The success rate of the angioplasty using this as the only wire was 92% (54 of 59), and we were able to pass the exchange guide wire into the distal vessel in 56 of the 59 patients (95%). We believe the exchange wire technique has a place in the first-line approach to complex coronary angioplasty.     

Percutaneous expandable metallic stent biliary endoprostheses used inmalignant and benign obstructive jaundice

AIM To evaluate the effects of expandable metallic stent biliary endoprostheses (EMSBE) viaultrasonographic guided percutaneous transhepatic approach on the treatment of benign and malignantobstructive jaundice.METHODS Thirty-eight patients with obstructive jaundice (29 males and 9 females) aged 27 to 69 years(mean 54.7 years) were studied. Of them, 4 were benign and 34 malignant obstructions. Percutaneoustranshepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed under ultrasonic guidance. A catheter was introducedinto the dilated bile duct via the introducer. A guide wire was inserted through the occlusive part of biliary duct after dilating with a double-lumen balloon catheter. A self-expandable metallic stent was inserted intcthe occlusive bile duct under fluoroscopic control.RESULTS The success rate of sonographic guided PTC was 100% (38/38) and the success rate of stentimplantation was 86.8% (33/ 38). Biliary obstruction was eliminated immediately, jaundice subsidedgradually and symptoms relieved after the procedure. During the 3 to 28 months fellow-up, re-occlusionoccurred in 4 malignant cases which were corrected by balloon catheter dilation and/or by stent, one patienthad secondary cholangitis and fifteen died without jaundice 6 - 28 months after the procedure. The otherswere alive with no jaundice. No severe complications or side effects were observed.CONCLUSION EMSBE via sonographic guided percutaneous transhepatic approach is a reliable and safepalliative therapy for malignant jaundice and an ideal nonoperative method for benign biliary obstruction. Ithas a definite positive impact on the quality of patient life.     

A case of successful angioplasty by the “double retrograde” approach for chronic total occlusion in the left circumflex artery

Currently introduced retrograde approach may increase the success rate of percutaneous coronary interventions on chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesion. This article describes a case of CTO in the left circumflex artery (LCX), which did not allow the regular retrograde approach to deliver a guide wire. At first, a guide wire was attempted to advance from the apical collateral channel, which supplied the distal LCX. However, wiring was extremely difficult because the collateral channel was headed reversely against the direction that the wire was going. Different angle angiogram revealed the existence of another collateral artery, which supplied the distal RCA (posterior descending branch). A guide wire was successfully advanced from the distal RCA, through apical collateral channel, and reached the distal LCX. After the wire was retrieved from the guiding catheter engaged in the left main trunk, antegrade access for balloon and stent delivery was obtained. This method, a sort of “double retrograde” approach, would be worthy to consider when recanalization is failed by other approaches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Side-wire technique for percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty

On occasion during percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty, a small balloon may slip into the pulmonary artery when dilating a stenotic pulmonary valve. In order to stabilize the balloon should a larger balloon size not be available, a side wire can be used without changing the original balloon.     

新型导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探索一种新型超声专用导丝在单纯经胸超声心动图(TTE)引导下封堵房间隔缺损的安全性和有效性。方法:于2017年11月至2017年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院入选10例房间隔缺损患者,均采用一种新设计的导丝进行单纯TTE引导下房间隔缺损封堵术,这种新型导丝的特点是头端为梭形弹性结构,可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位。手术由3名在单纯超声心动图引导下行封堵手术不超过10例的医生完成。术后即刻通过TTE评价手术疗效。术后1个月、3个月和6个月门诊随访,复查TTE和心电图。结果:10例患者在TTE引导下应用新型导丝成功封堵房间隔缺损。10例患者中,男性4例,女性6例,平均年龄(45.2±13.5)岁,平均体重(65.5±8.8)kg,平均房间隔缺损直径(14.9±5.1)mm。平均手术时间为(20.2±8.9)min,导丝从进入股静脉至左心房所需的时间为(3.6±2.6)min。无导丝脱入右心房。患者在住院期间均无残余分流、外周血管损伤、三尖瓣损伤及心脏穿孔等并发症。随访至术后6个月,均无封堵器脱落、残余分流和心包积液等并发症。结论:新型超声专用导丝可以在超声心动图引导下精确定位,可安全、有效地引导经皮房间隔缺损封堵术。     

The utility of a guideliner™ catheter in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion with reverse cart—the “capture” technique

The hybrid approach to percutaneous treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries requires both antegrade and retrograde skillsets. In the retrograde approach, wire externalization through the antegrade guide catheter often requires the use of a short donor guide catheter and a long (>150 cm) micro‐catheter. Despite this there are occasions where the micro‐catheter is unable to reach the anterograde guide catheter because of long collateral channels particularly when the retrograde limb involves a bypass graft. We report such a case where retrograde intervention was used to treat a right coronary artery (RCA) CTO in a patient with stable angina. The retrograde limb involved a saphenous vein graft to the native circumflex artery, which in turn provided collateral channels to the distal RCA. After performing reverse controlled anterograde and retrograde sub‐intimal tracking (CART), the retrograde micro‐catheter was only able to reach the mid RCA. To solve this, a Guideliner? catheter was passed on the antegrade wire and successfully advanced over and “captured” the retrograde micro‐catheter. Wire externalization was then completed and the RCA was subsequently stented with a good final angiographic result. This case illustrates a novel approach to completing wire externalization and provides a further indication for the role of the Guideliner? catheter in treating CTOs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.