高龄男性2型心肾综合征患者血清睾酮水平的研究

目的：观察高龄男性2型心肾综合征患者血清睾酮水平的变化。方法：入选年龄≥75岁的慢性心力衰竭男性患者150例,将其中2型心肾综合征者设为观察组（n=69）,其余设为对照组（n=81）。检测并比较两组患者血清睾酮、胱抑素-C、N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）、超敏C反应蛋白等指标。结果：观察组血清胱抑素-C、NTproBNP、超敏C反应蛋白水平均高于对照组（P〈0.05）而血清睾酮水平显著低于对照组,为（12.7±6.08）nmol/L对（22.07±7.53）nmol/L,P〈0.01;其余指标组间均无统计学差异。结论：高龄男性慢性心力衰竭患者中,发生2型心肾综合征者血清睾酮水平降低。     

高血压患者血红细胞分布宽度及胱抑素C水平与尿蛋白肌酐比值的关系

目的 观察高血压患者尿微量白蛋白肌酐比值、血清胱抑素C水平及血红细胞分布宽度（RDW）的关系,探讨红细胞分布宽度、胱抑素C水平与高血压早期肾损害的关系。方法 入选高血压患者266例,根据尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）分为高血压肾脏正常组152例（UACR＜30 mg/g）和高血压早期肾损害组114例（UACR≥30 mg/g）,检测患者血脂、空腹血糖、血清胱抑素C、血常规、肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐,测量体质指数（BMI）,调查有无吸烟、饮酒等危险因素。另设对照组50例（选自我院体检中心健康体检者）。结果 ①与对照组相比,高血压肾脏正常组及高血压早期肾损害组RDW水平均明显升高（13.43±0.92,15.05±1.29 vs 12.09±0.57）,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;高血压早期肾损害组血清胱抑素C水平明显升高（1.46±0.22 vs 1.16±0.18,P<0.01）②与高血压肾脏正常组比较,高血压早期肾损害组RDW水平（15.05±1.29 vs 13.43±0.92）及胱抑素C水平（1.46±0.22 vs 1.20±0.19）均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。③高血压组随着血压水平的升高、UACR的增加,RDW水平逐渐增加。④高血压组RDW与UACR、血清胱抑素C水平、平均收缩压呈正相关（r值分别为0.596、0.633和0.479,P均<0.01）。结论 RDW指标简单易获得,可作为原发性高血压早期肾损害的预测指标,联合血清胱抑素C水平预测价值更高。     

血清胱抑素检测在高龄男性血管性痴呆患者中的临床意义

目的探讨血清胱抑素水平在高龄男性血管性痴呆（VaD）患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选取2011年1月至2012年12月在沈阳军区总医院干部诊疗科住院的〉75岁VaD男性患者45例（观察组）,及同期在该科参加体检的〉75岁的正常老年人37例（对照组）,收集所有研究对象的血清胱抑素标本,及头颅CT或磁共振影像。在两组间比较检测结果。结果高龄男性伴有VaD患者中血清胱抑素水平明显高于对照组[（1．98±0．64）VS（0．86±0．17）mg／L,P〈O．011,MMSE的评分与血清胱抑素水平呈负相关（r=-0．592,P〈0．01）。结论在高龄男性VaD患者中血清胱抑素水平升高,可能代表血管损害的严重程度,是VaD危险因素之一。     

胱抑素C水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的了解胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择疑诊冠心病且行选择性冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者114例(冠心病组).根据临床病史和冠状动脉造影结果分为2组:急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronarysyndromes,ACS)组73例,稳定性心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)组41例;另选择非冠心病(冠状动脉造影阴性)患者38例作为对照组。采用Gensini评分系统对冠状动脉病变程度进行评分。应用免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素C水平。分析血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数的相互关系。结果 ACS组和SAP组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于对照组[(2.2±3.5)mg/L vs(1.6±4.1)mg/L vs(0.7±2.9)mg/L,P<0.01].且ACS组血清胱抑素C水平明显高于SAP组(P<0.05)。Gcnsini积分≥30分患者血清胱抑素C水平明显高于Gensini积分<30分患者[(2.6±2.7)mg/L vs(1.8±5.2)mg/L,P<0.01]。3支病变患者血清胱抑紊C水平和Gensini积分较单支病变和双支病变患者明显增高[(2.8±1.8)mg/L vs(1.9±3.4)mg/L vs(2.1±4.1)mg/L;(49±16)分v5(17±9)分vs(28±1 8)分,P<0.05,P<0.01];双支病变患者Gensin积分较单支病变患者明显增高(P<0.01);而单支病变与双支病变患者血清胱抑素C水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.673,P<0.01)。结论胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及病变支数显著相关,胱抑素C水平可以作为评价冠状动脉病变严重程度的一个指标。     

胱抑素C、尿β2-MG及mALB／Cr联合检测早期诊断糖尿病肾病的临床意义

目的探讨胱抑素C、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿微量白蛋白（mALB）／肌酐（Cr）联合检测早期诊断糖尿病肾病（DN）的临床意义。方法选择DN患者20例（DN组）、糖尿病（DM）患者96例（DM组）及正常对照组29例,检测3组血清胱抑素C、β2-MG、mALB及Cr,并检测DM组的糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）及尿蛋白定性。结果DN组的血清胱抑素C、尿β2-MG及mALB／Cr比值均高于DM组,DM组及其尿蛋白定性阴性者的各检测指标均高于对照组（P均〈0．01）;DM组HbAlc〉10％者与〈10％者的各检测指标比较均无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）。结论血清胱抑素C、尿β2-MG及mALB／Cr联合检测可作为早期诊断DN较敏感的指标,其对判断早期DN发生、病情发展程度有重要意义。     

血清胱抑素C与2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白的关系研究

目的研究血清胱抑素C（Cys C）与糖尿病肾病（DN）的关系,探讨其在2型糖尿病（T2DM）早期肾损伤中的价值。方法检测81例T2DM患者的Cys C水平和尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）。结果T2DM患者UAER正常组、微量组及大量组间Cys C水平均有统计学差异（P〈0.05,〈0.01）;随病情加重,Cys C水平升高。T2DM各组Cys C水平与UAER明显相关（P〈0.05）;Cys C诊断DN的敏感性、特异性为86.5%和93.9%。结论T2DM患者早期肾受损时Cys C已有相应变化,并与DN严重程度相关,有助于DN的早期诊断。     

血清胱抑素C水平与冠心病严重程度的关系

目的通过比较不同类型冠心病患者血清胱抑素C水平,并分析血清胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉造影结果的相关性,探讨血清胱抑素C水平与冠心病临床及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法152例入选患者根据临床及造影结果分为对照组（54例）、稳定型心绞痛组（38例）、急性冠状动脉综合征组（60例）;98例冠心病患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为单支病变组（38例）、双支病变组（22例）、三支病变组（28例）及左主干病变组（10例）;根据冠状动脉Gensini积分分为低Gensini分值组（32例）、中Gensini分值组（33例）和高Gensini分值组（33例）。采用免疫增强比浊法测定所有患者入院时血清胱抑素C水平,分析血清胱抑素C水平与冠心病严重程度之间的关系。结果急性冠状动脉综合征组血清胱抑素C水平（1.27±0.27mg/L）高于对照组（0.98±0.17mg/L）及稳定型心绞痛组（1.11±0.24mg/L）（P<0.05）,而稳定型心绞痛组与对照组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。单支病变组（1.18±0.27mg/L）、双支病变组（1.21±0.34mg/L）、三支病变组（1.16±0.26mg/L）、左主干病变组（1.23±0.37mg/L）血清胱抑素C水平差异无显著性（P>0.05）。Gensini积分低Gensini分值组（1.19±0.29mg/L）、中Gensini分值组（1.22±0.28mg/L）、高Gensini分值组（1.16±0.31mg/L）血清胱抑素C水平亦差异无显著性。结论血清胱抑素C水平与冠心病临床严重程度相关,而与冠状动脉病变严重程度无明显相关性。     

老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素样生长因子1及胱抑素C与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的研究血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平及血清胱抑素C在2型糖尿病(T2DM)肾病患者的变化及临床意义。方法根据尿白蛋白排泄率水平,将其分为单纯T2DM组63例,早期糖尿病性肾病(DN)组60例,临床期DN组65例,另选择60例健康体检者作为正常对照组(对照组)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组血清IGF-1及血清胱抑素C水平,电化学发光法检测尿白蛋白,再计算尿白蛋白排泄率。结果与对照组比较,单纯T2DM组、早期DN组及临床期DN组IGF-1水平[(175.35±12.43)μg/L、(221.19±25.06)μg/L、(248.77±35.88)μg/L vs(136.86±28.32)μg/L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);早期DN组、临床期DN组IGF-1水平较T2DM组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);早期DN组、临床期DN组血清胱抑素C水平较对照组、单纯T2DM组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,尿白蛋白排泄率和胱抑素C是IGF-1的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论 IGF-1及血清胱抑素C与T2DM肾病的发生发展有显著相关性,是临床较为敏感的指标,具有早期提示意义。     

冠心病患者血浆内皮素－1和血清C型利钠肽、胱抑素C、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨冠心病患者血浆内皮素－1（ ET－1）和血清C型利钠肽（ CNP）、胱抑素C、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A （ PAPPA）水平变化及其临床意义。方法选择我院心内科2012年6月—2013年6月收治的冠心病患者91例为冠心病组,其中稳定型心绞痛（ SAP）患者35例（ SAP组）、不稳定型心绞痛（ UAP）患者33例（ UAP组）、急性心肌梗死（ AMI）患者23例（ AMI组）;选择同期在我院体检健康者35例为对照组。检测所有受试者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平,并进行比较。结果冠心病组患者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平均高于对照组（ P＜0.05）。 SAP组、 UAP组、 AMI组血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平均高于对照组, UAP组、 AMI组均高于SAP组, AMI组高于UAP组（P＜0.05）。直线回归分析结果显示,冠心病患者血清PAP-PA水平与血浆ET－1（r＝0.592）和血清CNP （r＝0.602）、胱抑素C （r＝0.593）水平均呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论冠心病患者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平明显升高,且随着冠心病严重程度加重而升高。     

冠心病患者血浆内皮素－1和血清C型利钠肽、胱抑素C、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A水平变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨冠心病患者血浆内皮素－1（ ET－1）和血清C型利钠肽（ CNP）、胱抑素C、妊娠相关血浆蛋白A （ PAPPA）水平变化及其临床意义。方法选择我院心内科2012年6月—2013年6月收治的冠心病患者91例为冠心病组,其中稳定型心绞痛（ SAP）患者35例（ SAP组）、不稳定型心绞痛（ UAP）患者33例（ UAP组）、急性心肌梗死（ AMI）患者23例（ AMI组）;选择同期在我院体检健康者35例为对照组。检测所有受试者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平,并进行比较。结果冠心病组患者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平均高于对照组（ P＜0.05）。 SAP组、 UAP组、 AMI组血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平均高于对照组, UAP组、 AMI组均高于SAP组, AMI组高于UAP组（P＜0.05）。直线回归分析结果显示,冠心病患者血清PAP-PA水平与血浆ET－1（r＝0.592）和血清CNP （r＝0.602）、胱抑素C （r＝0.593）水平均呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论冠心病患者血浆ET－1和血清CNP、胱抑素C、 PAPPA水平明显升高,且随着冠心病严重程度加重而升高。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.