糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症与血栓素B2、6-keto-PGFlα的关系

采用高分辨率超声检测60例糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症患者和20例正常对照者内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能,并测定了TXB2 6-Keto-PGF1α)的浓度变化.结果患者的内皮依赖性舒张功能较对照组明显降低,且随进程有逐渐加重的趋势,患者TXB2高于对照组,6-Keto-PGF1α低于对照组,且内皮依赖性舒张功能与TXB2水平呈负相关,6-Keto-PGFα水平呈正相关.结论糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症患者存在血管舒张功能障碍,并与TXB2增高,6-Keto-PGF1α降低有关.     

糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症与血栓素B2,6-keto-PGF1α的关系

采用高分辨率超声检测60例糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症患者和20例正常对照者内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能，并测定了TXB2 6-Keto-PGF1α）的浓度变化。结果：患者的内皮依赖性舒张功能较对照组明显降低，且随进程有逐渐加重的趋势。患者TXB2高于对照组,6-Keto-PGF1α低于对照组，且内皮依赖性舒张功能与TxB2水平呈负相关-6 Keto-PGRα水平星正相关。结论：糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞瘟患者存在血管舒张功能障碍，并与TXB2增高，6-Keto-PGF1α降低有关。     

老年高血压患者血管内皮功能的变化及评价方法

分别测定40例轻、中度老年高血压患者(观察组)和20例健康老年人(对照组)的血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、NO水平及肱动脉血流介导的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)、硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性舒张功能(EID).结果 观察组血浆ET-1明显高于对照组(P<0.01),NO明显低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组EDD明显低于对照组.EDD与ET-1呈负相关,与NO呈正相关(r=-0.5356、0.6829,P均＜0.01).提示血浆内皮素、NO和超声均可反映老年高血压患者血管内皮功能的变化,二种方法各有其优点和不足.     

水蛭对冠脉支架术后患者主要不良心血管事件和血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察水蛭对冠脉支架术后患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和血管内皮功能的影响。方法 200例冠心病心绞痛心血瘀阻证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各100例。两组患者随访12个月,观察术后患者的主要不良心血管事件,并检测术前和术后12个月血浆一氧化氮(NO)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、6-酮-前列腺素1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)。结果治疗组与对照组比较,MACE明显减少(P0.05)。治疗组治疗前后比较,NO、6-Keto-PGF1α升高,TXB2、ET-1降低,具有统计学意义,对照组治疗前后比较无明显变化。结论水蛭可降低冠脉支架术后患者MACE,其机制可能与改善血管内皮功能相关。     

保利尔胶囊对冠心病患者血管内皮功能和C-反应蛋白水平的影响

目的 观察保利尔胶囊对冠心病患者血管内皮功能和C-反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法 选择冠心病患者87例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组采用常规西药治疗;治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用保利尔胶囊4粒/次,3次/日,服用1个月.观察两组治疗前后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)和CRP水平等指标的变化.结果 治疗后,治疗组ET-1均明显下降(P＜0.05),NO明显升高(P＜0.05),但治疗组ET-1、NO较对照组变化更明显(P＜0.05).治疗后的肱动脉EDD,治疗组为(9.67±3.10)％较对照组(4.32±2.78)％明显改善(P＜0.05);而肱动脉内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD)也得到明显改善(P＜0.05).结论 保利尔胶囊可使血浆ET-1水平明显下降,NO水平明显升高,EDD、NMD明显改善,CRP明显降低,提示保利尔胶囊有显著保护血管内皮功能、抑制炎症和改善临床症状的作用.     

逐瘀通脉胶囊对脑梗死患者血清血管内皮细胞因子的影响

目的观察逐瘀通脉胶囊对脑梗死患者血清血管内皮细胞因子的影响。方法选择脑梗死患者120例,随机分为对照组60例和治疗组60例。对照组常规对症药物治疗基础上,加阿司匹林口服0.25mg,3次/d,连续治疗1个月。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,口服逐瘀通脉胶囊0.4g,3次/d,连续治疗1个月。观察2组血清血管内皮细胞相关因子血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)、NO、活性氧水平变化。结果治疗组和对照组治疗后血清TXB2、活性氧水平明显低于治疗前,6-Keto-PGF1α、NO水平明显高于治疗前(P0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后血清TXB2、活性氧水平明显降低[(76.95±23.97)ng/Lvs(93.54±30.71)ng/L,(329.58±49.77)mmol/L vs(374.12±52.01)mmol/L,P0.05],6-Keto-PGF1α、NO水平明显升高[(113.84±36.11)ng/L vs(92.94±33.75)ng/L,(97.44±20.71)mmol/L vs(81.74±23.67)mmol/L,P0.05]。治疗组和对照组治疗后TC、LDL-C、TG、高敏C反应蛋白明显降低,HDL-C水平明显升高,且治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论逐瘀通脉胶囊可有效的降低TXB2、活性氧水平,提高6-Keto-PGF1α、NO水平,调节血脂、高敏C反应蛋白。     

麝香保心丸对冠心病合并颈动脉粥样斑块患者血管内皮的影响

目的探讨麝香保心丸(SXBXP)治疗冠心病合并颈动脉粥样斑块患者血管内皮的影响。方法选择80例冠心病合并颈动脉粥样斑块患者随机分为对照组(常规治疗)和治疗组(常规治疗基础上加服SXBXP)各40例,疗程8 w。比较两组肱动脉介导内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)、6-酮-前列腺素F1a(6-Keto-PGF-1a)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、血清肌酐(SCr)的情况。结果治疗结束后,治疗组FMD、NO、6-Keto-PGF-1a较同组治疗前及对照组治疗后均显著升高(P0.05);ET-1、TXB2分别较同组治疗前及对照组均显著降低(P0.05),另外SCr治疗前后无差异(P0.05)。结论 SXBXP可以有效改善冠心病合并颈动脉粥样斑块患者的血管内皮功能。     

肺血栓栓塞患者血浆ET-1、NO水平与血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的关系

目的探讨肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）患者溶栓和（或）抗凝治疗前后血浆内皮素1（ET-1）、一氧化氮（NO）及血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的变化及其临床意义。方法PTE患者82例,分为溶栓组及抗凝组,并选取健康者20例为对照组。应用放射免疫方法检测ET-1,硝酸还原酶法测定血浆NO浓度,同时应用超声测量肱动脉EDD,并比较溶栓和抗凝治疗前及治疗1周时各项指标的变化。结果与对照组相比,溶栓及抗凝治疗组NO、ET-1、EDD差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。两组PTE患者治疗1周后NO、EDD较治疗前明显升高、ET-1明显下降,差异亦有统计学意义（P均〈0.01）。相关分析显示,PTE患者ET与NO、EDD呈负相关（r=-0.508、-0.533,P均〈0.01）;NO与EDD呈正相关（r=0.685,P〈0.01）。结论肺栓塞患者存在血管内皮功能损伤,EDD可以作为评价肺栓塞患者内皮功能损伤的指标。     

增强型体外反搏对高血压合并不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能及血栓素A2与前列环素比值的影响

目的研究增强型体外反搏(EECP)对高血压合并不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者血管内皮舒张功能及血栓素A2(代谢产物血栓素B2)与前列环素[代谢产物6-酮-前列素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)]水平及其比值的影响。方法将高血压合并UA患者120例分为对照组(n=60)和体外反搏组(n=60),对照组给予常规治疗,体外反搏组给予常规治疗+EECP治疗。治疗前后采用彩色多普勒超声(彩超)测定肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)及非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD);测定血栓素B2、6-Keto-PGF1α水平并计算其比值。结果体外反搏组治疗后FMD较治疗前明显升高[(9.56±2.04)%比(6.94±2.12)%,P0.05]。两组治疗前后肱动脉基础内径和NMD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血栓素B2、血栓素B2与6-Keto-PGF1α比值[对照组(1.66±0.18)比(2.32±0.15);体外反搏组(1.08±0.12)比(2.25±0.16)]明显降低,而6-Keto-PGF1α明显升高(均P0.05)。结论 EECP能改善FMD,降低血栓素B2与6-Keto-PGF1α比值。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的血清AGEs与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能关系探讨

目的　探讨冠心病合并 2型糖尿病 (2 - DM)患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能与血清糖基化终产物(AGEs)水平变化及二者的关系。方法　选择 6 0例冠心病合并 2 - DM患者为治疗组 ,在冠心病综合治疗的基础上给予胰岛素或其他降糖药物控制血糖 ;另选 6 0例查体健康者为对照组。检测两组血清 AGEs、NO水平 ,采用 Jud-kins法进行选择性冠状动脉造影 ,高分辨超声技术检测肱动脉的血管舒张功能。结果　治疗组治疗前后血清AGEs、NO水平及内皮依赖性血管舒张功能均与对照组有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,<0 .0 1) ,且治疗组治疗前后上述指标亦均有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1)。内皮依赖性血管舒张功能减弱程度与血清 AGEs水平呈负相关 (r =- 0 .39,P <0 .0 1) ,血清 NO水平与血清 AGEs水平呈负相关 (r=- 0 .31,P <0 .0 1)。结论　冠心病合并 2 - DM患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显减弱 ,血清 AGEs水平明显升高 ,可能是 AGEs削弱了其内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。长期良好的血糖控制可降低冠心病合并 2 - DM患者血清 AGEs水平 ,增加血液中 NO水平 ,改善其内皮依赖性血管舒张功能     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.