音乐疗法在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸康复中的研究进展

呼吸康复对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者是A级推荐.以音乐疗法辅助慢阻肺患者呼吸康复,是补充现有康复内容并帮助其发挥作用的新方向.该疗法对于慢阻肺患者缓解呼吸困难症状,提高体力水平,改善心肺功能及呼吸肌肌力,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高康复依从性,以及减轻经济负担、节约医疗资源方面有较好的作用.该文主要综述音乐疗法在...     

Optimizing pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease �C practical issues: A Canadian Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) participation is the standard of care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who remain symptomatic despite bronchodilator therapies. However, there are questions about specific aspects of PR programming including optimal site of rehabilitation delivery, components of rehabilitation programming, duration of rehabilitation, target populations and timing of rehabilitation. The present document was compiled to specifically address these important clinical issues, using an evidence-based, systematic review process led by a representative interprofessional panel of experts.The evidence reveals there are no differences in major patient-related outcomes of PR between nonhospital- (community or home sites) or hospital-based sites. There is strong support to recommend that COPD patients initiate PR within one month following an acute exacerbation due to benefits of improved dyspnea, exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life relative to usual care. Moreover, the benefits of PR are evident in both men and women, and in patients with moderate, severe and very severe COPD. The current review also suggests that longer PR programs, beyond six to eight weeks duration, be provided for COPD patients, and that while aerobic training is the foundation of PR, endurance and functional ability may be further improved with both aerobic and resistance training.     

Rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases: In‐hospital and post‐exacerbation pulmonary rehabilitation

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that require hospitalization are important events for patients. Functional impairment and skeletal muscle dysfunction can increase the risk of hospitalization and readmission, independent of lung function. In addition, once a patient is admitted, multiple factors can lead to worsening outcome including immobility, systemic inflammation and nutritional depletion. These non‐pulmonary factors are potentially amenable to exercise therapy, as part of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Peri‐exacerbation PR has an important role in the management of exacerbations of COPD. In this review, we explore how functional limitation and skeletal muscle dysfunction affect patients having a severe exacerbation of COPD, the systemic impact of hospitalization on patients including potential aetiologies and the role of PR around the time of an exacerbation. This includes rehabilitation during the inpatient phase, post‐exacerbation rehabilitation and rehabilitation bridging hospital discharge. We also describe potential future developments in peri‐exacerbation PR.     

集束化肺康复对重度及极重度COPD的疗效观察

目的 探讨集束化肺康复对重度及极重度COPD的疗效.方法 前瞻性选取2014年1月至2015年6月诊断为重度及极重度COPD急性加重期的住院患者共130例,随机分为肺康复组65例,对照组65例.肺康复组在常规治疗基础上,给予集束化肺康复治疗.对照组仅给予常规治疗.观察治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月及12个月2组间肺功能、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)以及圣·乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)的差异以及12个月内再住院次数.结果 治疗3个月后,肺康复组FVC、FVC％ pred、FEV1、FEV1％pred较治疗前及对照组明显改善;6MWD在治疗后较治疗前[(206.50±34.01)m vs(183.73±31.65)m,P＜0.05]及对照组[(206.50±34.01)m vs (183.80±20.58)m,P＜0.05]明显改善;SGRQ评分在治疗3个月后较治疗前明显改善[(60.83±5.78)分Vs(64.87士5.03)分,P＜0.05],治疗6个月后较对照组明显改善[(57.53±6.04)分vs (63.55±6.84)分,P＜0.05];肺康复组12个月内再住院次数较对照组减少[(0.97±0.72)次/年vs (1.56±0.89)次/年,P＜0.05].结论 重度及极重度COPD急性加重期患者早期院内实施集束化肺康复治疗,能显著改善肺功能、运动能力及生活质量,值得临床推广.     

The Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Chronic Pain in People with COPD

Abstract

Chronic pain affects up to 88% of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been associated with comorbidities. However, with pain not evaluated during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) assessments, it is unclear whether PR impacts pain intensity and coping ability. This study aimed to 1) determine the effect of PR on pain qualities, coping behavior and psychological symptoms in those with COPD and chronic pain; and 2) assess the impact of PR on exercise capacity and quality of life in individuals with COPD and chronic pain compared to those without pain. Patients with COPD and comorbidities enrolling in outpatient PR were assessed for chronic pain. Those with chronic pain completed the Brief Pain Inventory, Coping Strategies Questionnaire-24, Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire and measures of anxiety and depression. Changes in HRQOL and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) following PR were compared between participants with and without chronic pain. Thirty-four participants with chronic pain and 34 participants without pain were included (mean?±?SD, FEV₁ 47?±?19% predicted). In those with chronic pain, PR did not affect pain intensity (median[IQR] pre/post PR 3[2–5] vs. 4[2–6] points, p?=?0.21), anxiety (7[2–9] vs. 5[3–8] points, p?=?0.82) or depression (4[2–8] vs. 3[1–6] points, p?=?0.38) and did not change pain coping strategies. Both groups improved in 6MWD (mean difference [95% CI] 17[?39 to 72] m), and those without pain had greater improvement in mastery (p?=?0.013). PR was effective in patients with moderate to severe COPD whether or not they reported chronic pain at the time of their initial assessment.     

肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用研究

目的分析探讨肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年3月间收治的80例慢阻肺稳定期患者,随机分为常规治疗组和肺呼吸康复治疗组。常规治疗组予以常规治疗,肺呼吸康复治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用呼吸训练器进行吸气和呼气训练。观察比较两组患者出院随访4周后的肺功能、生活质量及运动能力。结果经4周治疗训练后,两组患者肺功能各项指标较治疗前均有显著改善(P<0.05)。肺呼吸康复治疗组患者治疗后FVC为2.43±0.61L,FEV₁为1.39±0.34L,FEV 1/FVC为57.18%±5.83%,各项指标均显著优于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。肺呼吸康复治疗组治疗后6min步行试验距离为382.52±39.06m,CAT评分为12.12±5.07分,患者治疗后运动能力及生活质量优于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。治疗后,肺呼吸康复治疗组BODE评分为3.21±0.57,优于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论呼吸训练器联合常规治疗应用于肺呼吸康复治疗,可明显改善COPD稳定期患者的肺功能,改善生活质量。     

Organizational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases

Adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases may suffer from multiple physical (pulmonary and extra‐pulmonary), emotional and social features which necessitate a comprehensive, interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme. To date, pulmonary rehabilitation programmes show a lot of variation in setting, content, frequency and duration. Future projects should strive for a standard set of assessment measures to identify patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation, taking disease complexity into consideration, which should result in referral to an appropriate rehabilitation setting. Local circumstances may complicate this crucial endeavour.     

肺康复治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人的疗效分析

目的观察肺康复治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的效果。方法测定以下肢训练为主的社区康复治疗前后患者的FEV1(第一秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比)、6 min步行距离、呼吸困难评分(Borg评分)、年人均急性发作次数、年人均住院次数。结果肺康复治疗前后的FEV1、6 min步行距离、Borg评分明显好于治疗前(P0.05),年COPD急性发作次数及住院次数治疗前后有统计学意义。结论肺康复治疗可改善COPD患者的呼吸功能,减少年均急性发作次数及住院次数。     

Improvement of physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by pulmonary rehabilitation and pharmacological treatment

Physical activity (PA) is defined as bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles with energy expenditure beyond resting levels. PA is closely related to reduced morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Self-report questionnaires are often subject to recall bias, correlating poorly with objectively qualified PA, and do not provide an accurate estimate of free-living energy expenditure. PA may be objectively evaluated by newly developed tri-axial accelerometers by quantifying steps or body movements over a period of time. Low-intensity, home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) using pedometer feedback improves PA. Improvement in physiological factors correlates with increased walking time in stable elderly COPD patients.This review focuses on the effects of PR and pharmacological treatment on PA in COPD patients. We selected 32 studies from our literature search evaluating the effects of PR and 11 studies examining the effects of pharmacological treatment on PA. Findings in both categories were inconsistent. Nineteen studies showed a positive effect with PR whereas 13 showed no effect. Eight studies showed a positive effect, while three revealed no effect from pharmacological intervention. As both interventions increase exercise capacity without a consistent effect on PA, counseling with behavioral changes may be necessary to achieve a significant and lasting increase in PA. Changing PA behavior in COPD patients requires an interdisciplinary approach involving specialists in respiratory medicine, rehabilitation, social, and behavioral sciences. Future research in this area is warranted to advance our knowledge in this area, specifically with regard to the interaction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的肺康复进展

肺康复目前被认为是COPD综合治疗方案中不可或缺的一部分,但对于严重的COPD患者,肺康复的效果似乎还不太明确,一些新的方法被应用以增加肺康复的效果.这篇综述将目前肺康复领域的一些新措施总结如下.     

Success in pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND:

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is beneficial for some, but not all, patients with chronic lung disease.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the success rate of a comprehensive PR program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to characterize the differences between responders and nonresponders.

METHODS:

A chart review was performed on patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD who were referred for PR. Success was defined according to clinically important changes in St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores and/or 6 min walk test distance.

RESULTS:

The majority of subjects were men (58%) with a mean (± SD) age of 69±10 years (n=177). Sixty-two per cent of participants had a successful outcome with PR, with proportionally more responders noting subjective improvement than objective improvement on a 6 min walk test (73% versus 51%). Subjects with poor baseline St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores tended to improve the most (P=0.011 [ANOVA]). Successful participants had a greater forced expired volume in 1 s (1.1 L versus 0.9 L; P<0.05) and a lower BODE index (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index) at baseline (9.6 versus 10.3; P<0.05). Success of PR was not correlated with age, sex, chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure or other chronic conditions. Successful participants were more likely to be compliant and to experience fewer adverse events (P≤0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study reinforced the belief that the majority of participants with COPD benefit from PR. Few baseline characteristics were predictive of success. Subjectively measured improvement occurred more frequently than objectively measured improvement and was greatest in those with the poorest baseline values.     

Practical approach to establishing pulmonary rehabilitation for people with non‐COPD diagnoses

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a core aspect in the management of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. This paper describes a practical approach to establishing pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with non‐COPD diagnoses using examples from the interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), bronchiectasis and lung cancer patient populations. Aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation, including the rationale, patient selection, setting of programmes, patient assessment and training components (both exercise and non‐exercise aspects), are discussed for these patient groups. Whilst there are many similarities in the rationale and application of pulmonary rehabilitation across these non‐COPD populations, there are also many subtle differences, which are discussed in detail in this paper. With consideration of these factors, pulmonary rehabilitation programmes can be adapted to facilitate the inclusion of respiratory patients with non‐COPD diagnoses.     

Improvement in self-reported exercise participation with the combination of tiotropium and rehabilitative exercise training in COPD patients

Background

Improvements in ventilatory mechanics with tiotropium increases exercise tolerance during pulmonary rehabilitation. We wondered whether tiotropium also increased physical activities outside of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Methods

COPD patients participating in 8 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation were studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tiotropium 18 μg daily (tiotropium = 47, placebo = 44). Study drug was administered for 5 weeks prior to, 8 weeks during, and 12 weeks following pulmonary rehabilitation. Patients completed a questionnaire documenting participation in pre-defined activities outside of pulmonary rehabilitation during the 2 weeks prior to each visit. Patients who submitted an activity questionnaire at week 4 and on at least one subsequent visit were included in the analysis. For each patient, the number of sessions was multiplied with the duration of each activity and then summed to give overall activity duration.

Results

Patients (n = 46) had mean age of 67 years, mean baseline FEV₁ of 0.84 L (33% predicted). Mean (SE) increase in duration of activities (minutes during 2 weeks prior to each visit) from week 4 (prior to PR) to week 13 (end of PR) was 145 (84) minutes with tiotropium and 66 (96) minutes with placebo. The increase from week 4 to week 25 (end of follow-up) was 262 (96) and 60 (93) minutes for the respective groups. Increases in activity duration from week 4 to weeks 17, 21, and 25 were statistically significant with tiotropium. No statistical differences over time were observed within the placebo-treated group and differences between groups were not significant.

Conclusions

Tiotropium appears to amplify the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation as seen by increases in patient self-reported participation in physical activities.     

Exercise-based interventions for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia,Canada, New Zealand,and USA: a systematic review

Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States of America (USA) have a higher burden of chronic lung disease than non-Indigenous people. Exercised-based interventions, such as pulmonary rehabilitation, are highly effective to manage chronic lung disease. The outcomes of these interventions for Indigenous people require evaluation. The aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature on the impact of exercise-based interventions on quality of life, exercise capacity and health care utilisation in Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Psychinfo, APAIS-Aboriginal Health and PEDro databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature that evaluated exercise-based interventions, such as pulmonary rehabilitation for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. Two authors independently screened and reviewed titles and abstract and full texts of potentially eligible studies for inclusion. An Indigenous decolonisation methodological framework was also applied to evaluate Indigenous governance, involvement, and engagement in the studies. A total of 3,598 records were screened, nine full papers were reviewed, and one was study included, which was a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for Indigenous people in Australia. Participants with chronic respiratory or heart disease significantly improved functional exercise capacity and quality of life [six-minute walk distance mean change (95% CI) 79 metres (47 to 111); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire Dyspnoea 0.9 points (0.2 to 1.5)]. Several items of the decolonisation framework were addressed. Only one study was able to be included in the review, highlighting the paucity of research about culturally safe exercise-based interventions for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease. There is a need for further research with strong Indigenous governance, involvement, and engagement.     

Improvements in exercise capacity during a 4-weeks pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD patients do not correspond with improvements in self-reported health status or quality of life

Ninety-two patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were assessed for walking tolerance, lung function, perceived health status (HS), perceived quality of life (QoL) and anxiety before and after a four weeks inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. There were significant improvements on all outcomes except anxiety, although the effect sizes were small or moderate. The largest improvement was observed on the walking test, but patients also improved on perceived health status (HS) and perceived quality of life (QoL). Relations between outcome indicators were analyzed cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Cross-sectional correlations were in line with earlier studies. However, improvements on the walking test were generally unrelated to changes in lung function, HS and QoL. Different patients improve on different outcome measures following PR, and this could have implications for the planning and designs of PR programs.     

COPD肺康复运动处方的研究进展

肺康复作为COPD管理的一项重要内容,能有效减轻COPD患者的呼吸困难症状,提高运动耐量和健康相关生活质量,在国内尚处于起步阶段,对运动训练在COPD肺康复中的具体方式、强度、时间、频率缺乏充分的认识,本文就COPD肺康复运动处方的研究进展进行综述.     

Novel pulmonary rehabilitation approach in a 46-year-old female with significant decline in lung and functional status following H1N1

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an established therapeutic intervention for improving limb muscle dysfunction, reducing morbidity and mortality in a variety of chronic lung conditions. Providers are instrumental in improving success by optimizing disease management, minimizing barriers and tailoring a program to meet the patient’s goals and functional needs. Case report: We present a case of a young woman with mild asthma who developed severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following H1N1. She remained limited in instrumental activities of daily living following traditional PR but participated in therapeutic horseback riding with notable improvement in functional capacity and emotional well-being. Conclusions: There is a growing body of knowledge on the benefits of PR but little is known about the physiologic and psychological benefits of other forms of exercise such as horseback riding. This case highlights the importance of individualizing care and identifies a novel area of research to be explored.     

间质性肺病的呼吸康复治疗

间质性肺病(ILD)是一组异质性慢性呼吸系统疾病,主要表现为劳力性呼吸困难和健康相关生活质量评分下降。ILD运动受限的病生理机制包括限制性通气功能障碍、换气功能障碍、血流动力学异常以及骨骼肌功能障碍。近年来,越来越多的证据表明呼吸康复治疗对ILD安全、有效,能短期内显著改善患者的运动能力、呼吸困难症状和健康相关生活质量评分。该篇综述总结了ILD呼吸康复治疗的研究证据、目前的指南推荐、ILD的呼吸康复治疗个体化的特殊问题以及ILD合并肺动脉高压、ILD急性加重期呼吸康复情况。