CD方案治疗初治多发性骨髓瘤患者疗效观察及预后分析

目的:探讨急诊集束化治疗急性心力衰竭患者的影响。方法:选取急性心力衰竭患者100例,实施信封随机化方式分为对照组和观察组,各50例组,对照组采用常规急诊治疗方案,观察组采用急诊集束化干预。结果:观察组患者左心室舒张早期最大血流(E峰)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、收缩压(SBP)、呼吸(RR)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV_1)、最大肺活量(FVC)、FEV_1/FVC、气短缓解时间、不良事件发生率、气管插管率、总有效率均优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:急诊集束化治疗用于急性心力衰竭患者效果显著,能降低气管插管率,提高患者疗效,改善患者心肺功能。     

急诊集束化治疗急性心力衰竭患者的疗效

目的:探讨急诊集束化治疗急性心力衰竭患者的影响。方法:选取急性心力衰竭患者100例,实施信封随机化方式分为对照组和观察组,各50例组,对照组采用常规急诊治疗方案,观察组采用急诊集束化干预。结果:观察组患者左心室舒张早期最大血流(E峰)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、收缩压(SBP)、呼吸(RR)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV_1)、最大肺活量(FVC)、FEV_1/FVC、气短缓解时间、不良事件发生率、气管插管率、总有效率均优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:急诊集束化治疗用于急性心力衰竭患者效果显著,能降低气管插管率,提高患者疗效,改善患者心肺功能。     

早期应用无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的多中心随机对照研究

目的评价在普通病房早期应用无创正压通气(NPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者的有效性与安全性,确立其临床应用指征。方法19家医院入住普通病房24~48h内的AECOPD患者[pH值≥7·25,且动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)>45mmHg,1mmHg=0·133kPa]根据中心随机的方式分配到常规治疗组(A组)和常规治疗组+NPPV治疗组(B组),观察指标包括呼吸频率(RR)、辅助呼吸肌评分、动脉血气、后期气管插管需求率(简称插管率)和住院病死率等。结果AECOPD患者342例,A组(171例)与B组(171例)的基础情况匹配良好(P均>0·05)。B组后期插管率(4·7%,8/171)显著低于A组(15·2%,26/171,P=0·002)。根据pH值分层研究显示,B组轻度通气功能障碍(pH值≥7·35)、较重通气功能障碍(pH值<7·30)患者的插管率[2·8%(2/71)、7·0%(3/43)]显著低于A组[11·3%(9/80)、26·7%(8/30),P=0·047、0·048]。B组病死率[2·8%(7/171)]与A组[7·0%(12/171)]比较差异无统计学意义(P=0·345)。B组实施NPPV2h后即能显著改善患者的动脉血pH值、降低RR、减少辅助呼吸肌的参与,且24h后其pH值、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、辅助呼吸肌评分、RR[7·36±0·06、(72±22)mmHg、2·5±0·9、(22±4)次/min]与A组[7·37±0·05、(85±34)mmHg、2·3±1·1、(21±4)次/min]比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0·01)。结论入院早期在普通病房应用NPPV能改善AECOPD患者的病理生理状况,减少插管率;NPPV在缓解呼吸肌疲劳及预防呼吸衰竭的加重方面有其应用指征。     

经面罩机械通气治疗慢性重症心力衰竭患者

目的研究经面罩机械通气(FMMV)对重症慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心肺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析12例重症CHF患者FMMV(治疗组)后的效果,并与传统药物治疗方法(对照组)比较。结果治疗组患者在30分钟内皆能较好耐受FMMV,呼吸困难减轻;2小时后症状明显改善,呼吸频率(RR)从(35±7)次/min降至(22±4)次/min(P<0.05),心率(HR)从(129±15)次/min降至(108±10)次/min(0.05);PaO2从(74±8)mmHg升至(96±22)mmHg(P<0.05)。对照组变化不明显,两组比较均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。治疗组3~5天基本缓解,住院时间5~14(10±6)天,有效率100%。对照组住院时间12~31(22±10)天,明显长于治疗组(P<0.05);62.5%的患者好转出院,明显低于治疗组(P<0.05)。FMMV后无明显副作用。结论FMMV可较快改善重症CHF患者的循环和呼吸功能,疗效显著。     

艾司洛尔对瑞芬太尼诱导气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的研究艾司洛尔在抑制瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚诱导气管插管时心血管反应的临床效果与安全性。方法美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ级的100例患者按随机数法均分为对照组和艾司洛尔组。两组患者均采用瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚及罗库溴铵诱导,插管前1 min给予药物,对照组给予生理盐水10 ml静脉注射,艾司洛尔组给予0.5 mg/kg艾司洛尔稀释于生理盐水10 ml中静脉注射。监测并比较麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、2 min(T3)和3 min(T4)时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果 T1时,艾司洛尔组和对照组的MAP[(76±13)mm Hg,(75±12)mm Hg]及HR[(65±9)次/min,(64±8)次/min]较T0时的MAP[(87±12)mm Hg,(86±12)mm Hg]及HR[(75±12)次/min,(74±12)次/min]明显下降(P<0.01),下降程度组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T2、T3和T4时,对照组的MAP[(103±23)mm Hg,(106±21)mm Hg,(89±19)mm Hg]和HR[(85±7)次/min,(83±8)次/min,(79±9)次/min]较T1时MAP[(75±12)mmHg]和HR[(64±8)次/min]明显升高(P<0.05),而艾司洛尔组的MAP和HR在插管后升高不明显[插管后MAP:(89±15)mm Hg,(86±14)mm Hg,(74±12)mm Hg,HR:(66±13)次/min,(74±12)次/min,(72±5)次/min;插管前MAP:(76±13)mm Hg,HR(65±9)次/min,P<0.01]。艾司洛尔组有8例患者在插管后HR下降到60次/min以下,最低为53次/min。结论艾司洛尔能有效抑制气管插管时的心血管反应,0.5 mg/kg艾司洛尔与瑞芬太尼合用是安全的。     

早期集束化治疗对急性重症胰腺炎并发脓毒症休克患者预后的影响

目的:观察早期集束化治疗对于急性重症胰腺炎并发脓毒症休克患者预后的影响.方法:63例急性重症胰腺炎并发脓毒症休克患者分为2组,所有患者进行生命体征监测,并且均在入院72h内进行手术治疗,后返回重症监护室进行加强治疗.A组(n=31)进行一般性抗感染和补液升压治疗,维持血压在90/60mmHg以上;B组(n=32)进行集束化治疗.1h内给予抗生素治疗;补液20mL/kg;维持平均动脉压≥65mmHg,中心静脉压≥8mmHg,控制血糖8.3mmol/L内,应用甲强龙、机械通气等.观察抗休克治疗24h的疗效和1mo内死亡率.结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、APACHEII评分方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05),具有可比性.A组患者抗休克治疗有效率38.71%(12/31),死亡率70.97%(22/31),B组患者抗休克治疗有效率68.75%(22/32),死亡率43.75%(14/32,P<0.05).结论:早期集束化治疗可以改善急性重症胰腺炎并发脓毒症休克患者预后.     

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白对急性肺栓塞早期危险分层和预后预测的价值

目的:探讨急性肺栓塞(APE)患者起病24 h内,心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)对危险分层和预后预测的价值。方法:选择2009年6月至2010年10月至急诊就诊的发病24 h内的APE患者,按危险分层分为高危组、中危组和低危组,记录各组基线资料,以及超声心动图右心室腔径、估测肺动脉收缩压、心率、动脉血氧分压等结果,对各组H-FABP和肌钙蛋白I(cTNI)阳性率进行统计分析,并分析各因素与住院期间不良事件(死亡、气管插管和心肺复苏)发生率之间的相关性。结果:共有55例符合条件的APE患者入选,女性患者共30例;高危组12例,中危组25例,低危组18例;3组入院时心率、动脉血氧分压、肺动脉收缩压、溶栓二聚体(D-Dimer)在各组间差异有显著统计学意义。高危组患者入院时间显著早于中危组和低危组(中位数分别为4 h vs.8 h vs.14 h,P=0.001),右心室腔径更大[(32.3±9.1)mm vs.(29.1±7.8)mm vs.(22.6±8.4)mm,P=0.017),肺动脉收缩压更高(中位数分别为40 mmHg vs.20 mmHg vs.15 mmHg,P=0.033,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),住院期间不良事件发生率也显著高于中低危组。H-FABP阳性率显著高于cTNI阳性率(78.2%vs.43.6%,P=0.017)。相关性分析显示,H-FABP阳性率与不良事件发生率显著相关(r=0.875,P=0.037),而cTNI与不良事件发生率的相关性未达统计学意义(r=0.115,P=0.059)。结论:APE发病后早期H-FABP敏感性显著高于cTNI,且与住院期间不良事件发生率显著相关。     

经鼻持续气道正压在慢性阻塞性肺病并急性呼吸衰竭治疗中的作用

本研究旨在观察经鼻持续性气道正压(nCPAP)对未行机械通气的慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作期合并急性呼吸衰竭患者的治疗作用。 材料与方法 对15例确诊为COPD发生急性呼衰而入院的勿须立即行气管插管的男性患者进行了实验.其平均年龄64±7(47～74)岁,FEV_125±8％,最大呼气流量(PEF)36±13％。受试者均符合下列条件:①入院时 PaCO_2>55mmHg或入院后1小时内下降>5mmHg;②严重的气道阻塞(FEV-1低于预计值的40％,FEV_1/FVC低于预计值的60％);③意识状态良好。除外睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、胸膜或胸壁病理异常伴     

肺移植对5例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

目的研究单肺移植手术治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)对呼吸生理及肺功能的影响。方法5例患者均为Ⅳ级COPD男性患者,年龄51～63岁。术前2周测定患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC、最大通气量(MVV)、残气容积(RV)、肺总量(TLC)、残总比(RV/TLC)、深吸气量(IC)、胸腔气体容积(TGV)、呼气峰流量(PEF)、总气道阻力(Rawtotal)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)、每升肺泡容积肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO/V·A)、6分钟行走距离(6MWD)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、肺泡气动脉血氧分压差[P(Aa)O2]、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等参数。术后2个月再行上述测定。结果5例患者术前2周、术后2个月检测的参数为MVV(23.6±5.8)、(71.6±21.8)L,FEV1(0.68±0.21)、(1.85±0.46)L,FEV1/FVC(37.4±8.3)、(75.6±13.9)%,PaO2(60.0±9.1)、(86.2±2.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),SaO2(90.0±4.6)%、(96.8±0.5)%及mPAP(31.2±5.5)、(16.6±1.8)mmHg,均有显著改善(P均<0.05);3例患者IC[(1.16±0.26)、(1.83±0.35)L]、TGV[(6.52±0.27)、(4.52±0.29)L]、RV[(5.12±0.39)、(3.20±0.32)L]、RV/TLC[(71.0±5.6)、(51.3±2.5)%]及Rawtotal[(6.62±0.99)、(2.48±0.87)cmH2O·L-1·s-1]改善显著(P均<0.05);4例患者PEF[(1.65±0.40)、(3.92±1.63)L/s]、DLCO[(8.5±3.0)、(21.0±6.2)ml·min-1·mmHg-1]及6MWD[(46.8±14.7)、(246.8±51.9)m]也显著增加(P均<0.05);FVC[(1.85±0.40)、(2.45±0.49)L]、TLC[(7.19±0.15)、(6.26±0.73)L]、DLCO/V·A[(2.90±1.50)、(5.41±0.87)L·min-1·mmHg-1]、P(Aa)O2[(37.6±16.3)、(17.8±6.3)mmHg]及PaCO2[(44.6±7.7)、(37.4±3.4)mmHg]有所改善,但差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论COPD患者肺移植术后肺通气、气道阻力、残气、弥散、运动耐力及气体交换功能均明显改善。     

激光切除气管支气管肿瘤患者的肺功能生理学评定

作者对11例由肿瘤所致的气管支气管阻塞患者进行YAG 激光切除术,应用最大吸气-呼气流速-容量环(Maximal-inspiratory-expiratory flow-volume loops)和呼气容量-时间标绘图(Expiratory volume-time plots)评定气流受限情况,在激光切除术前后测定FVC、FEV_1、PEF、Vmax50E 和Vmax50I。结果治疗前FVC 为预计值的55±20%,FEV_1为预计值的35±13%,FEV_1/FVC 48±16%,PEF     

Long on QT and low on calcium

Acquired lengthening of the QT interval due to hypocalcaemia is a rare cause of arrhythmia in childhood. Early recognition, rapid institution of appropriate cardiac monitoring, and replacement therapy are essential. An endocrinal work-up may be necessary to exclude primary disorders of calcium metabolism. We report four cases documenting the varied clinical spectrum in which hypocalcaemic-induced prolongation of the QT interval and arrhythmia can occur in childhood.     

Effects of therapeutic paracentesis on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics and on renal and hormonal function

Thirteen patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites (six with and seven without peripheral edema) underwent 4- to 15-liter paracentesis without intravenous "colloid" replacement. Cardiac output increased from 6.6 +/- 0.7 liters per min at baseline to 8.2 +/- 0.7 liters per min (p less than 0.003) 1 hr after large-volume paracentesis completion and fell to 7.5 +/- 0.69 liters per min (p less than 0.05 vs. baseline, p less than 0.02 vs. 1 hr) 24 hr after large-volume paracentesis completion. There was no change in mean arterial pressure or mean pulmonary artery pressure. Central venous pressure fell from 9.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg at baseline to 8.6 +/- 1.4 mm Hg 1 hr post-large-volume paracentesis to 6.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.005 vs. baseline, p less than 0.02 vs. 1 hr value) at 24 hr, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from 13.1 +/- 0.9 to 11.1 +/- 1.3 mm Hg 1 hr after large-volume paracentesis and to 9.89 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.01 vs. baseline, p less than 0.03 vs. 1 hr after large-volume paracentesis) at 24 hr. Heart rate fell from 90 +/- 3.0 to 85 +/- 2.9 beats per min (p less than 0.01) 1 hr after large-volume paracentesis completion, but increased to 89 +/- 2.5 beats per min (p less than 0.02 vs. 1 hr after large-volume paracentesis) at 24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of particle size on quartz-induced hemolysis and on lung inflammation and fibrosis

To assess the role of crystal size in biologic responses, we quantitated red blood cell lysis and lung inflammation and fibrosis in the mouse using 4 alpha-quartz preparations with average diameters of 1, 5, 7.8, and 11.2 microns. When compared on the basis of identical crystal surface areas, the 1-micron fraction was more hemolytic than the other 3 fractions. The three larger fractions had equivalent membranolytic activities. After 6 weeks of postintratracheal instillation of the crystals into mice, the 1-micron-diameter crystal fraction increased wet lung weights by 1.25 x that of saline controls, while a 1.75 x increase was found for the three larger crystal fractions. A similar response was found when evaluating fibrosis development by determining lung hydroxyproline levels. Measurement of the percentage of the crystal dose remaining in the lungs revealed that the biologic differences observed were not due to a difference in the clearance of the smaller crystal fraction. Thus, larger crystals of alpha-quartz produce a greater degree of inflammation and fibrosis when instilled into the lung than those of 1 micron diameter, even though the smaller crystals are more membranolytic in vitro and appear to be cleared from the lung at the same rate as the larger crystals.     

Epidemiological study on Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant housewives and investigation on its influence on outcome of pregnancy and on their newborns

We surveyed Chlamydial infection with Chlamydiazyme for 3010 pregnant housewives in Hokkaido. Four hundred and fourty six out of the 3010 pregnant housewives were also be retrospectively investigated for the influence of C. trachomatis on outcome of pregnancy and on their newborns. The results were as follows. 1) Of the 3010 pregnant housewives, 217 (7.2%) were C. trachomatis-antigen positive, when their endocervical specimens were tested. There was no difference in the positive rate of C. trachomatis among the six cities where our investigation was performed. 2) A high C. trachomatis-positive rate (21.9%) was achieved in the pregnant teen-aged housewives with a significant decrease as age increased. 3) As for placenta previa, threatened abortion, preterm delivery and small for date infants, the incidence was higher in the untreated C. trachomatis positive group than in the C. trachomatis negative group. 4) The weeks of gestation and birth weight of newborns in the untreated C. trachomatis positive group were significantly lower than those of the C. trachomatis negative group. 5) No statistical significance was found in the incidence of premature rupture of membrane, fatal distress, spontaneous abortion nor postpartum fever between the C. trachomatis negative group and the untreated C. trachomatis positive group. These results suggest that Chlamydial infection in pregnant housewives is widely spread in Hokkaido and gives some disadvantage to pregnancy outcome and newborns. Consequently, Chlamydial infection in pregnant women must be appropriately diagnosed and treated in the early stage of pregnancy.     

Impact of adiponectin and ghrelin on incident glucose intolerance and on weight change

Objectives Adiponectin and ghrelin are associated with adiposity and type 2 diabetes in several studies. We sought to prospectively determine the interaction of adiponectin and ghrelin in the development of adiposity and hyperglycaemia. Design Prospective observational study. Participants 393 community‐dwelling Afro‐Jamaicans (mean age 47 ± 13 years; BMI 27·3 ± 6·3 kg/m²; 63% women) without glucose intolerance at baseline. Measurements Anthropometry, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations were measured at baseline and 4·1 ± 0·9 years later. Multivariate analyses were used to explore the associations of HOMA‐IR, adiponectin and ghrelin with weight change and glycaemia. Results The mean weight change was 2·6 ± 5·5 kg. There were 114 incident cases of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 35 cases of diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin was positively correlated with age and female sex (P‐values < 0·01). After adjusting for age and sex, adiponectin and ghrelin were significantly correlated with weight at baseline and follow‐up. However, they were not associated with weight change even after further adjustment for baseline weight. Adiponectin, but not ghrelin, was associated with 2‐h glucose concentrations at follow‐up even after adjusting for age, sex, HOMA‐IR and BMI (P = 0·04). In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, adiponectin predicted incident IGT (OR 0·93; 95% CI: 0·87–0·99) and attenuated the effect of BMI on incident IGT. Conclusions These longitudinal data show that adiponectin and ghrelin may not be causally involved in the development of obesity. However, adiponectin is independently associated with decreased risk of incident IGT.