盐酸埃他卡林对高血压肾脏损害的保护作用

目的研究盐酸埃他卡林(Ipt)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肾脏损害的实验治疗学作用。方法将30只SHR分为Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-13个剂量组,贝那普利3mg·kg-1·d-1治疗组及SHR空白对照组,另设同月龄WKY大鼠为正常对照,灌胃给药每天1次,给药12周,观察其对大鼠的血压、心率、尿蛋白、肾组织病理改变以及血液和肾组织内皮素(ET-1)和转化生长因子(TGF)-β1影响。结果实验12周内,SHR对照组血压和心率进行性增高。Ipt3个剂量组均能有效降低SHR的血压,Ipt3、9mg·kg-1·d-1还可抑制SHR心率加快的趋势。而且Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-1均可减少尿蛋白排泄量,延缓肾小动脉的重塑,改善肾功能,降低SHR血液及肾组织ET-1和TGF-β1浓度的含量。但Ipt3、9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组延缓SHR肾小动脉的重塑较1mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组明显。结论Ipt1、3、9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组均在有效地控制SHR血压的同时,对SHR肾脏具有保护作用,此作用可能与其抑制血液及肾组织局部ET-1和TGF-β1水平有关。     

盐酸埃他卡林对高血压大鼠小动脉的舒张作用

目的研究盐酸埃他卡林(Ipt)对正常血压Wistar-Kyoto大鼠(WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)阻力小动脉的舒张作用特性.方法采用大鼠尾动脉螺旋状血管条,对比观察Ipt对WKY和SHR大鼠尾动脉的舒张作用特性.结果Ipt在10-7～10-3mol/L范围内对SHR和WKY尾动脉血管条均能诱发剂量依赖性舒张反应,该作用能被ATP敏感性钾通道特异性阻断剂格列苯脲阻断;与WKY比较,Ipt舒张SHR尾动脉作用明显增强,格列苯脲的抑制效应更显著,而内皮依赖性却减弱.结论盐酸埃他卡林具有舒张小动脉作用,该作用在高血压状态时显著增强,可能与ATP敏感性钾通道的功能改变相关.     

原花青素对应激大鼠hs-CRP、TNF-α和h-FABP表达的影响

目的探讨原花青素对应激大鼠超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和人心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(h-FABP)表达的作用。方法选择Wistar雄性大鼠60只,根据随机数字表法分成对照组、模型组及原花青素组各20只。对模型组及原花青素组进行足底电刺激应激建模,对照组不进行建模,持续20 d;造模前对原花青素组胃灌注原花青素(100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),而对照组及模型组均胃灌注等剂量的生理盐水20 d。另选16只Wistar雄性大鼠进行亚组实验,根据随机数字表法分成A1、A2、A3、A4亚组,每组4只,均使用原花青素进行干预,其中A1组使用剂量为100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);A2组为50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),刺激时间均为20 d;A3和A4组使用剂量均为100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),但A3组10 d,A4组的刺激时间为15 d。检测各组大鼠血浆中的hs-CRP、TNF-α及h-FABP水平以及心肌梗死范围;并采用多元线性回归方法分析影响原花青素组hs-CRP、TNF-α及h-FABP水平的相关因素。结果原花青素组及模型组的hs-CRP、TNF-α及h-FABP水平均显著高于对照组,且原花青素组低于模型组(均P0.05);对照组大鼠未发现心肌梗死,原花青素组与模型组的心肌梗死范围显著高于对照组,且原花青素组低于模型组(P0.05);通过多元线性回归分析法分析可知,原花青素剂量、足底电刺激时间、灌胃时间及心肌梗死范围均为影响原花青素组hs-CRP、TNF-α及h-FABP水平的相关因素。结论原花青素能够明显降低应激大鼠的hs-CRP、TNF-α以及h-FABP等指标的表达,具有预防和治疗心脏损伤的作用,值得临床深入研究。     

葡萄籽原花青素对自发性高血压大鼠左室重塑和氧化应激的影响

目的观察葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左室重塑和氧化应激的影响。方法 8周龄雄性SHR 24只随机分成4组(每组6只):SHR组、GSP低剂量组(50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))和GSP高剂量组(200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))及卡托普利组(30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。6只同龄雄性Wistar-Kyoto大鼠设为对照组。治疗8 w后,测定尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、全心重量指数(HW/BW)和左心室重量指数(LVW/BW);生化法检测左室心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抑制羟自由基(OH·)能力;HE和Masson染色下观察心肌细胞形态和胶原分布,并测定心肌细胞横截面积(CSA)与心肌胶原容积分数(CVF);Western印迹法检测左室心肌组织p47phox蛋白表达。结果 GSP能显著降低SHR的SBP(P0.01),改善左室重塑参数、减少心肌组织MDA含量及p47phox蛋白表达(P0.05),提高SOD活性及抑制OH·能力(P0.05),GSP高剂量组作用尤为显著(P0.01)。结论 GSP对SHR左室重塑有减轻作用,可能与降低SBP、抑制氧化应激及下调p47phox蛋白表达有关。     

镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠促胰液素、生长抑素mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)促胰液素(PZ)、生长抑素(SS)mRNA的影响。方法 14周龄雄性SHR随机分为模型组(n=15)、贝那普利组(盐酸贝那普利灌服0.90 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=15)、镇肝熄风汤低、中、高剂量组(镇肝熄风汤分别灌服15、30、60 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=15),以WKY大鼠作为正常对照(n=15),模型组及WKY组每日灌服同体积的蒸馏水。干预8 w后,采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测十二指肠、胃窦中PZ、SS mRNA的表达。结果干预8 w后,与WKY组比较,模型组十二指肠中PZ、胃窦中SS mRNA表达显著降低(P0.05);与模型组比较,贝那普利组与镇肝熄风汤各剂量组十二指肠中PZ、胃窦中SS mRNA表达显著升高(P0.05);与贝那普利组比较,镇肝熄风汤各剂量组十二指肠中PZ、胃窦中SS mRNA表达降低更为明显(P0.05)。结论 SHR十二指肠中PZ和胃窦中SS调节失衡,贝那普利和镇肝熄风汤的降压作用可能通过调节PZ和SS的表达而达到降压目的,而镇肝熄风汤的调节作用更为明显。     

鞣酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏功能和形态改变的影响

目的 观察鞣酸(tannic acid,TA)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病(DM)大鼠血糖及肾脏功能和形态改变的影响.方法 用STZ诱发大鼠DM模型后,随机分为DM模型组、氨基胍(AG)组和TA低高剂量组,另设正常对照组.AG组按40 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)给予;TA低高剂量组分别按20及30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)给予;正常对照组和模型组每天给予等体积生理盐水,给药方式均为腹腔注射,共10 w.观察给药期间及10 w后大鼠的一般状况,检测各组大鼠血糖、血肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、24 h尿蛋白及观察肾脏形态学变化.结果 TA可改善DM大鼠基本状况,与模型组比较,TA组血糖、血清Cr、BUN和尿Cr、尿蛋白均明显降低,光镜和电镜下观察显示,模型组大鼠较正常对照组大鼠肾小球明显增大,细胞数目增多,基底膜节段性增厚,部分足突融合.TA组上述异常均明显减轻.结论 TA可明显降低尿蛋白排泄,改善DM大鼠肾脏功能和形态学异常,对DM大鼠具有肾脏保护作用.     

利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡的调控机制

目的探讨利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡的调控机制。方法将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(二甲双胍,140 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、利拉鲁肽低剂量组(0. 12 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))和利拉鲁肽高剂量组(6. 30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),每组12只。除正常对照组外,其余各组均采用高脂、高糖饲养,同时联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,30 mg/kg),建立大鼠2型糖尿病模型。成功建模7 d后,利拉鲁肽高、低剂量组皮下注射利拉鲁肽;阳性对照组灌胃给予二甲双胍(140 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1));正常对照组和模型组均灌胃给予等量的生理盐水(10 ml·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),1次/d。治疗8 w后,检测各组空腹血糖浓度、胰岛素和抵抗素水平,免疫组化法检测各组胰岛β细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达水平,Western印迹测定各组胰岛β细胞Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组空腹血糖浓度、胰岛素和抵抗素水平、Bax蛋白和Caspases-3蛋白的表达水平显著升高(P<0. 05),Bcl-2表达水平明显降低(P<0. 05);与模型组比较,利拉鲁肽组和阳性对照组空腹血糖浓度、胰岛素和抵抗素水平、Bax蛋白和Caspases-3蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0. 05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0. 05)。结论利拉鲁肽能显著改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗、抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡,其机制可能与提高Bcl-2表达,下调Bax表达,进而降低Caspase-3的活性有关。     

盐酸埃他卡林的降压作用及对高血压血管重构的影响

目的在自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR)上,评价盐酸埃他卡林(Iptakalim hydrochloride,Ipt)对高血压血管重构的实验治疗学作用.方法 21只12周龄SHR随机分为3组Ipt 3 mg/kg治疗组,赖诺普利(lisinopril, Lis)12 mg/kg治疗组和空白对照组.另设同月龄正常血压Wistar大鼠为正常对照组.大鼠ig Ipt、Lis或蒸馏水10 ml/kg,每日1次,连续4周,观察药物对高血压血管重构的影响.结果实验期4周内,SHR对照组血压和心率持续性进行性增高.其主动脉中层壁显著增厚,中层壁厚与内径的比值(M/L)也显著增大;肠系膜动脉的中层壁显著增厚,内径显著变小,二者的比值显著增大,表明高血压时动脉的结构发生了重构.Ipt能有效控制SHR的血压,降压效果确切,且可抑制SHR心率加快的趋势;Ipt治疗可阻止肠系膜动脉和主动脉的结构重构.相同实验条件下,Lis也均能有效控制SHR的血压,降压效果确切,对心率无明显影响;Lis治疗也可阻止肠系膜动脉和主动脉的结构重构.结论 Ipt能有效地控制SHR的血压,可以阻止高血压血管结构重构.     

大豆异黄酮对前列腺增生大鼠细胞凋亡与增殖的影响

目的 探讨补充不同剂量大豆异黄酮对前列腺增生大鼠细胞凋亡与增殖的影响.方法 应用丙酸睾酮诱导大鼠前列腺增生,对正常对照组、模型组、低剂量(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、中剂量(120 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))及高剂量(240 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))大豆异黄酮组采用免疫组化和原位末端标记技术方法检测bcl-2、bax、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和细胞凋亡.结果 低、中、高剂量大豆异黄酮组大鼠前列腺湿重及前列腺指数均显著低于模型组;中剂量大豆异黄酮组大鼠前列腺湿重及前列腺指数均显著低于低剂量组,与正常对照组无显著性差异.与模型组相比,中、高剂量大豆异黄酮组大鼠bcl-2表达显著降低,bax表达升高,细胞增殖指数显著性降低,而细胞凋亡指数显著性升高,尤以中剂量组效果最为明显.结论 前列腺增生大鼠前列腺组织bcl-2和bax的表达调控失衡,大豆异黄酮可能通过调节前列腺组织凋亡基因与抗凋亡基因的表达而抑制前列腺增生.     

贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠酪酪肽表达的影响

目的探讨贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)酪酪肽(PYY)表达的影响。方法 14周龄雄性SHR 45只随机分为模型组(n=15)、贝那普利组(盐酸贝那普利灌服0.90 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=15)、氨氯地平组(苯磺酸氨氯地平灌服0.45 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=15),以同源雄性WKY大鼠作为正常对照(n=15),模型组及WKY组每日灌服同体积的蒸馏水,干预8 w后,应用酶联免疫法检测血清中PYY的含量,采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法分别检测结肠中PYY及其mRNA的表达。结果干预8 w后,模型组血清中PYY及其mRNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,各给药组血清中PYY及其mRNA表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);与WKY组比较,模型组结肠组织中PYY及其mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,贝那普利组与氨氯地平组结肠组织中PYY及其mRNA表达降低(P<0.05),与贝那普利组比较,氨氯地平组结肠组织中PYY及其mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 SHR大鼠结肠组织中PYY调节失衡,贝那普利、氨氯地平的降压作用很可能还通过调节PYY的表达而达到降压目的。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.