吡格列酮与胰岛素治疗对2型糖尿病患者血小板功能影响的对比

目的比较吡格列酮（Pio）、胰岛素（Ins）治疗对T2DM患者血小板功能的影响。方法经二甲双胍治疗效果不佳的44例新诊断T2DM患者随机分为2组：Ins组在二甲双胍基础上联合皮下注射胰岛素;Pio组在二甲双胍基础上加用吡格列酮。检测0周、4周、24周时各组的FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR,血小板膜上GMP-140、PAC-1的表达率及ADP诱导的血小板的聚集率。结果41例完成治疗。（1）4周后,Pio组FPG高于Ins组,差异有统计学意义;Ins、Pio组间HOMA-IR、ADP诱导的血小板聚集率、血小板GMP-140、PAC-1的表达率差异无统计学意义。（2）24周后,Pio组FPG、HbA1c高于Ins组;Pio组HOMA—IR、ADP诱导的血小板聚集率、血小板PAC-1、GMP-140的表达率低于Ins组;差异均有统计学意义。结论胰岛素、吡格列酮治疗均能抑制T2DM患者的血小板功能,但吡格列酮效果优于胰岛素,推测吡格列酮可能具有独立于降糖以外的抑制血小板功能的作用。     

甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药治疗肥胖2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的 观察甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖和(或)二甲双胍治疗肥胖T2DM临床疗效.方法 32例肥胖T2DM患者,在注射预混Ins一段时间后血糖控制不理想情况下,改用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖和(或)二甲双胍,疗程3个月,观察治疗前后BP、FPG、HbA_1c、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、UA、C-P、UAER变化情况,计算HOMA-IR、HOMA-β.结果 治疗后BMI、FPG、HOMA-IR低于治疗前,而C-P、HOMA-β高于治疗前(P＜0.05).结论 甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖和(或)二甲双胍治疗肥胖T2DM,不仅成功控制血糖,且明显改善IR,治疗中无明显体重增加等不良反应.     

吡格列酮与二甲双胍对初诊肥胖2型糖尿病患者血清内脏脂肪素影响的研究

目的观察吡格列酮与二甲双胍对初诊肥胖T2DM患者血清内脏脂肪素（visfatin）水平的影响,探讨visfatin与T2DM发病的关系和药物的治疗机制。方法100例初诊肥胖T2DM患者随机分为吡格列酮组50例,每日口服盐酸吡格列酮片30mg,二甲双胍组50例,每日早晚口服二甲双胍缓释片500mg,疗程24周。结果吡格列酮组空腹血清visfatin、IR、TG较用药前明显降低,B细胞功能有改善（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。二甲双胍组血清visfatin、TG无统计学改变。两组治疗后比较,吡格列酮组的visfatin、IR、TG降低明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,但二甲双胍组的BMI较吡格列酮组下降更明显（P〈0．05）。结论对初诊肥胖T2DM患者吡格列酮与二甲双胍均能较好地控制血糖,吡格列酮还能明显降低血清visfatin的水平,提示吡格列酮通过下调visfatin水平发挥抗炎作用。     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法 93例血糖控制不满意的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者随机分为二甲双胍组(500 mg,3次/d)及吡格列酮组(15 mg,1次/d),疗程12个月。观察血管内皮功能的变化。结果与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后两组患者的血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)均显著下降,空腹及餐后胰岛素水平、胰岛素功能均显著升高(均P0.05)。治疗12个月后两组患者血糖、IRI、胰岛素水平、胰岛素功能比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的体质指数(BMI)低于吡格列酮组(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗12个月后两组患者的血管内皮功能均显著改善(均P0.05),但治疗12个月后二甲双胍组的血管内皮功能改善优于吡格列酮组(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍与吡格列酮两种药物对T2DM患者均具有明显的降糖、改善胰岛素功能、降低胰岛素抵抗(IR)及改善血管内皮功能的作用。在降低BMI及改善血管内皮功能方面,二甲双胍优于吡格列酮。     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的临床观察

T_2DM将161例单药血糖控制不佳的患者随机分为,吡格列酮+二甲双胍组(30mg q.d+500mg bid)为观察组、二甲双胍组(1000mg bid)为对照组。结果吡格列酮+二甲双胍组较二甲双胍单药组Hb Alc、AST、Cr、FBG下降更为明显。结论对于T_2DM,吡格列酮联合二甲双胍控制血糖效果优于极量单药二甲双胍。     

探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果

目的探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月—2017年5月采用二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗效果不佳的2型糖尿病患者的病例资料,抽取其中一般资料差异无统计学意义的72例患者作为研究对象。依据治疗方式的不同分成对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。给予对照组患者除了二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗外,再加上安慰剂进行治疗;而观察组则是二甲双胍+吡格列酮+利格列汀进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标,以及治疗期间的不良反应。结果经治疗,观察组血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标均优于对照组患者,且不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将利格列汀应用在经二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗却控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者中,能够加强患者的血糖稳定,控制病情,提高临床效果。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者利格列汀联合口服药降糖的疗效及对胰岛β细胞功能改善的临床观察

目的探讨利格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗新诊断T2DM患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法采用随机数字表法将我院内分泌科2013年1~10月收治的140例新诊断T2DM患者分为利格列汀组(利格列汀+二甲双胍)和格列吡嗪组(格列吡嗪+二甲双胍),各70例,疗程均为12周。比较两组降糖效果及安全性。结果治疗前两组FPG、2hPG及HbA_1c比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组FPG、2hPG及HbA_1c较治疗前降低(P0.05),治疗后两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组FC-P、2hC-P、稳态模型评估胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素作用指数(IAI)及APN水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组较治疗前均好转(P0.05),且利格列汀组优于格列吡嗪组(P0.05)。格列吡嗪组不良反应高于利格列汀组(18.57%vs 5.71%,χ~2=5.423,P=0.020)。结论利格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗新诊断T2DM与格列吡嗪联合二甲双胍降糖效果相同,且前者对胰岛β细胞功能保护作用更好,同时有利于提高APN水平。     

吡格列酮和二甲双胍对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的　观察吡格列酮和二甲双胍治疗对 2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的影响。方法 5 0例血糖控制不良的 2型糖尿病患者在原治疗方案下 ,随机给予盐酸吡格列酮片 3 0mg(2片 ) 1次 /日和模拟二甲双胍片 (1片 ) 2次 /日 ,即吡格列酮组 ;或随机给予盐酸二甲双胍片 5 0 0mg(1片 ) 2次 /日和模拟吡格列酮片 (2片 ) 1次 /日 ,即二甲双胍组 ,所有治疗疗程 12周。结果　在两组患者取得相当降糖疗效基础上 ,二甲双胍组和吡格列酮组在治疗后空腹和馒头餐后C肽水平均较用药前有明显降低、IR稍有降低 ,β细胞功能明显改善。吡格列酮在减低餐后胰岛素、改善IR方面优于二甲双胍。两种药物治疗前后血游离脂肪酸水平则差异未见显著性。结论　吡格列酮和二甲双胍均能有效地降低IR和改善 β细胞功能。在改善IR方面 ,吡格列酮稍优于二甲双胍。     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗及脂肪细胞因子水平的影响

目的观察吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效,探讨治疗对患者胰岛素抵抗及脂肪细胞因子水平的影响。方法将我院收治的T2DM患者72例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组给予口服二甲双胍治疗,观察组给予二甲双胍联合盐酸吡格列酮治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(F-INS)和胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa IR)。并应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检验两组治疗前后血浆瘦素和脂联素水平。结果治疗后两组患者FPG、2 h PBG、HbA1c和Homa IR均显著降低(均P<0.05);治疗后研究组2 h PBG、HbA1c和Homa IR显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗前两组瘦素和脂联素比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05),治疗结束后两组患者血清瘦素均显著降低,血清脂联素显著升高(均P<0.05),研究组血清瘦素显著低于对照组,血清脂联素显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗可以有效调节T2DM患者瘦素和脂联素水平,进一步改善患者胰岛素抵抗。     

二甲双胍和吡格列酮对男性2型糖尿病患者骨代谢指标的影响

目的了解二甲双胍和吡格列酮对男性2型糖尿病患者骨代谢指标的影响。方法将口服降糖治疗的90例男性2型糖尿病患者随机分为格列吡嗪组、格列吡嗪＋二甲双胍组和格列吡嗪＋吡格列酮组3组,治疗1年。治疗前后检测患者的空腹血糖（FBS）、空腹胰岛素（Ins）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、骨钙素、尿吡啶酚／尿肌酐（尿PYD／Cr）。采用双能x线骨密度测量仪测量腰椎、髋部骨密度。结果二甲双胍组腰椎骨密度平均增加0．49％,髋部骨密度平均增加1．82％。而吡格列酮组腰椎、髋部骨密度分别下降1．46％和1．97％左右。治疗后二甲双胍组髋部骨密度明显高于吡格列酮组。结论与吡格列酮组比较,二甲双胍能明显增加男性糖尿病患者髋部骨密度。     

Counterregulatory responses in CSII

Normally, glucose is the only substrate used by the brain to meet its metabolic requirements. Therefore, a continuous supply of circulatory glucose is a necessary prerequisite for normal cerebral metabolism. Acute hypoglycemia produces several physiological responses, known as counterregulatory, symptomatic and behavioral responses, that aim at preventing further decrease in plasma glucose and thus correct hypoglycemia. Subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus under intensive insulin treatment either with multiple daily injections (MDI) or with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) exhibit defects in these responses, mainly the adrenaline response, which may increase the recurrence of hypoglycemia in daily life. Unfortunately, recurrence of hypoglycemia [i.e. blood glucose < 70 mg/dl (3.9 mmol/L)], including mild hypoglycemia, does further impair such hormonal responses and the awareness of hypoglycemia resulting in additional risk for severe hypoglycemia. CSII, which for several reasons, including subjects' preferences and higher costs, is less widespread than MDI, allows achievment of good glycemic control while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia and of hypoglycemia induced blunted counterregulatory and symptomatic responses (hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure). For that reason, CSII would be particularly indicated in people suffering from recurrence of severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia unawareness under a MDI treatment regimen.     

Factors related to CSII compliance

Many studies have demonstrated the metabolic efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and particularly a reduction of glycaemic fluctuations in type 1 diabetic patients. Despite this benefit, many patients decide to discontinue the use of CSII. To determine the factors related to discontinuation of CSII we analyzed clinical data from a group of 70 patients who had been consecutively started on this treatment from April 2000 to April 2002. Patients were followed for up to 2 years. Eighteen (25.7%) patients decided to terminate CSII during the study after an average of 235 days (range 21-293). The reasons for stopping CSII were decision of the patients (10), end of pregnancy (4), needle site infections (3) and lack of compliance (1). No significant difference was found between patients who had continued and those who had discontinued CSII for age, duration of diabetes, reasons for starting CSII, marital status, prepump concentration of HbA1c and prepump frequency of hypoglycaemia. There tend to be more discontinuations for pregnant women, patients attending hospital visits versus liberal practitioner and patients with lower educational level (below or over baccalaureat) although none of these differences was statistically significant. In conclusion we could not identify any predictive factor of CSII discontinuation.     

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in inpatient setting: unmet needs and the proposal of a CSII unit

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) represents an increasingly popular method of treating diabetes. Patients with diabetes are often hospitalized, and current data indicate that inpatient hyperglycemia results in poorer outcomes. When patients on insulin pump therapy require hospitalization, practitioners caring for them face the issue of how to manage the inpatient care of these patients. We believe that patients using insulin pumps can safely have their therapy transitioned when hospitalized. Moreover, CSII during hospitalization should be regarded not only as a fundamental tool in patients already on insulin pump therapy, but also as an effective method to obtain euglycemia, in critically ill patients. However, a standard policy on CSII use during hospitalization is still lacking, and literature data are inconclusive about the benefits of insulin pump on glycemic homeostasis, in hospitalized patients. We suggest that a CSII unit should be activated inside the hospital, in order to increase compliance with required procedures and to properly address the unmet needs of CSII in inpatient setting.     

胰岛素泵治疗240例糖尿病的临床观察

目的对胰岛素泵治疗糖尿病的疗效及安全性进行观察。方法对大系列（240例）糖尿病患者进行带泵治疗前后的多项目、多指标临床观察。结果治疗前后患者空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后血糖（PBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、果糖胺水平（FMN）均有显著性下降（P〈0．001）；血压（BP）、胆固醇、甘油三酯、肾功能水平差异无显著性变化（P〈0．005）；临床症状、体征改善明显。低血糖发生率低。结论胰岛素泵有明显的降低糖尿病患者FBG、PBG、HbA1C、FMN水平的“短、平、快”效应，副反应发生率较低，是对糖尿病患者高效和较安全的高科技设备。     

坏死性胰腺炎后糖尿病CSII短期与长期疗效

本文报道一例坏死性胰腺炎后胰岛功能严重受损的糖尿病患者,经持续皮下胰岛素注射(CSII)治疗,血糖水平与血糖稳定性短期与长期都得到有效控制.

Abstract：

This paper presents a case of post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus with seriously damaged islet function. The blood glucose level was successfully controlled by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII )therapy both in short and long terms.