六字诀联合弹力带训练对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期病人肺康复的效果

目的 探讨六字诀联合弹力带训练改善老年COPD稳定期病人的肺功能和运动耐力的效果。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年6月南京中医药大学附属医院老年科、呼吸科收治的60例老年COPD稳定期病人,根据计算机软件产生的随机数将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30例。对照组在规范治疗的基础上进行弹力带训练,试验组在对照组的基础上进行六字诀呼吸操训练,2组均每周训练5次,30 min/次,干预6个月。分别于干预前及干预3、6个月时,评价2组病人的肺功能(FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评分。结果 干预3个月,2组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、6MWD、CAT评分均较干预前显著改善(P<0.05),且FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、CAT评分组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预6个月,2组病人FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、6MWD、CAT评分均优于干预前及干预3个月时,且上述指标组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 六字诀结合弹力带训练的锻炼方式有助于改善老年COPD稳定期病人的...     

缩唇-腹式呼吸法对于稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅲ期患者肺康复疗效评估

目的 探讨缩唇-腹式呼吸法对于稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)Ⅲ期患者肺康复的促进作用.方法 对2010年6月～ 2012年12月在我院呼吸科治疗的稳定期COPD患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,54例患者进行针对性缩唇-腹式呼吸训练.另抽取同期未进行呼吸训练的稳定期COPD患者54例作为对照组并进行比较.结果 对照组患者出院后各项指标无明显变化;观察组患者进行8周呼吸训练后与出院时及对照组患者出院8周后比较,动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、6分钟步行距离、Borg评分、改良英国MRC呼吸困难分级(mMRC)评分、生活质量(CAT)评分差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 呼吸训练可显著改善稳定期COPDⅢ期患者呼吸功能,有效提高患者生活质量.     

噻托溴胺联合呼吸操训练治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺病患者的临床研究

目的探讨噻托溴胺联合呼吸操训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,慢阻肺)稳定期患者的肺通气功能、生活质量以及运动耐力的影响。方法选择2014年10月至12月稳定期慢阻肺患者共73例,随机分为常规药物治疗组(A组,n=37)和呼吸操训练组(B组,n=36)。对A组患者常规吸入噻托溴胺,有氧疗指征者给予长期家庭氧疗。B组患者除应用噻托溴胺和(或)氧疗外,指导呼吸操训练,方法包括腹式呼吸、缩唇呼气及全身性呼吸体操。记录每例患者入组时及12周后的FEV1占预计值的百分比(FEV1%Pred)、圣乔治呼吸疾病问卷(SGRQ)评分及6 min步行距离(6MWD)。结果入组时两组患者的性别、平均年龄、肺功能分级、FEV1%Pred、SGRQ评分及6MWD均无显著差异(P0.05)。干预12周后两组患者FEV1%Pred、SGRQ评分及6MWD均较治疗前有显著变化。其中B组患者的SGRQ评分显著低于A组,B组患者的6MWD显著长于A组(P0.05)。结论在常规吸入长效抗胆碱能药物治疗外,配合呼吸操训练可更好的改善稳定期慢阻肺患者的生活质量及运动耐力。     

甩手运动配合缩唇腹式呼吸锻炼对COPD稳定期患者肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的探讨甩手运动配合缩唇腹式呼吸锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者肺功能及生活质量的影响,为COPD稳定期患者肺康复锻炼提供科学依据。方法选取COPD稳定期患者120例为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组60例。两组患者均按呼吸内科常规对症治疗如抗感染、化痰、支气管解痉等,在此基础上,对照组给予常规护理,患者自主进行呼吸锻炼8周。观察组患者在常规对症治疗、护理的基础上,在专业人员指导下进行甩手运动配合缩唇腹式呼吸锻炼8 d,出院后继续进行康复锻炼8周。比较两组患者Borg呼吸困难评分、6分钟步行测定(6MWT)结果及圣乔治评分等的变化。结果锻炼后两组患者的Borg呼吸困难评分及6分钟步行试验(6MWT)结果均较干预前改善(P0.05),与对照组比较观察组患者改善更加显著,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的日常活动量、社交活动、精神状况评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甩手运动配合缩唇腹式呼吸锻炼可增强膈肌、腹肌、下胸部肌肉的活动,减少呼吸肌疲劳的发生,从而改善COPD患者肺的通气功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力下降的生理学研究

目的研究平板踏车联合无创正压通气（NIPPV）运动锻炼对COPD患者呼吸生理学的影响,探讨与运动耐力改善相关的生理学机制,期望为COPD患者呼吸康复提供新的更为有效的方法。方法按2011年修订版GOLD标准选择稳定期重度至极重度COPD患者为研究对象,分为3组：即平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼组（A组）、平板踏车运动锻炼组（B组）、既无NIPPV又无平板踏车运动锻炼组（C组）,每组观测20例。在运动锻炼前后分别测定6MWD、MRC评分、MEP、MIP及肺通气功能。结果经平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼后COPD患者6MWD、MEP、MIP明显增加（P〈0．01）,MRC评分明显降低（P〈0．01）,肺功能FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、MVV、PEF等指标稍有改善,但锻炼前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而MVV则有明显改善（P〈0．01）,差异具有统计学意义。结论重度至极重度稳定期COPD患者在平板踏车上进行面罩NIPPV运动锻炼有助于改善其运动耐力和吸气肌力,缓解呼吸困难,是一种较好的适合于重度至极重度稳定期cOPD患者的呼吸康复锻炼方法。     

呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对老年稳定期COPD患者的影响

目的研究呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对老年稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的干预效果。方法随机选取150例COPD患者,分为对照组、呼吸训练组及联合组各50例。28 w后,检测肺功能用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC;6 min步行距离(6MWD)耐力测定;并采用COPD评估测试(CAT)及改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表评价分析。结果联合组FEV1/FVC、6MWD、CAT评分、mMRC评分均明显优于对照组(P<0.05),FVC、FEV1优于对照组更加明显(P<0.01)。结论呼吸训练联合地面行走训练对稳定期COPD患者具有显著改善效果。     

吸入沙美特罗／氟替卡松联合呼吸训练治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ级稳定期COPD老年患者的临床研究

目的 探讨吸入沙美特罗/氟替卡松(舒利迭)联合呼吸训练治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ级稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)老年患者疗效. 方法 90例COPD老年患者随机分成空白对照组(A组)、舒利迭治疗组(B组)和舒利迭联合呼吸训练治疗组(C组),每组30例.评估各组观察治疗前、治疗后1月和治疗后6月的肺功能变化[第1秒最大呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)和FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)]、呼吸困难分级(MRS)、体质量指数(BMI)和运动耐力[6 min步行距离(6MWD)]. 结果 B组在治疗1月后即可有效改善COPD老年患者肺功能,减轻呼吸困难症状,提高运动耐力,改善营养状况,增加体质量,治疗6月后改善更明显(P＜0.05).C组同样能改善肺功能,但与B组比较无统计学差异.另外,C组同样能减轻呼吸困难症状,提高运动耐力,改善营养状况,增加体质量,并且比B组改善更明显(P＜0.05). 结论 舒利迭联合呼吸训练治疗不仅能够改善肺功能,延缓疾病自然进程,而且可以提高生存质量,改善预后.     

综合康复训练对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨综合康复训练对慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（COPD）患者生活质量的影响。方法将72例COPD患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例,对照组给予常规治疗和护理,同时进行呼吸训练。观察组在此基础上,给予腹式缩唇呼吸训练、全身性呼吸体操训练、耐力运动锻炼综合性康复训练。于干预前后评价两组的自觉症状、肺功能指标、生活质量。结果观察组自觉症状、肺功能指标、生活质量明显优于对照组。结论综合康复训练可改善肺功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

噻托溴胺粉吸入剂对稳定期COPD患者运动耐量及肺功能的疗效

目的探讨稳定期COPD患者予噻托溴胺粉吸入剂治疗后运动耐量及肺功能的改善作用。方法 60例稳定期COPD患者,随机分成治疗组、对照组以及空白对照组。观察三组治疗不同时期肺功能的变化和St Georges呼吸问卷(SGRQ)情况,进行6 min步行试验观察运动耐力的变化。结果用药6个月后治疗组患者咳嗽、咳痰、气促等症状明显好转,前后比较(P<0.05),用药6个月后治疗组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值(%)、运动耐力较对照组及空白对照组改善,三组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。治疗组运动耐力(6MWT)增加,SGRQ评分比较治疗组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论吸入噻托溴胺粉吸入剂对稳定期COPD患者运动耐量及肺功能有改善作用,并可以减少急性发作次数,改善患者生活质量,且副反应少。     

缩唇式锻炼联合穴位敷贴对慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者肺功能及运动耐力的影响

目的探讨缩唇式锻炼联合穴位敷贴对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)缓解期患者肺功能及运动耐力的影响。方法将2018年6月至2020年8月我院收治的COPD缓解期患者86例随机分为两组,每组4例。对照组患者进行缩唇式锻炼,观察组患者在缩唇式锻炼的基础上给予穴位敷贴。比较两组患者干预前及干预12周后的第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)、心肺最大功率(Wmax)、摄氧量(VO_2max)、力竭时间以及圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分。结果干预前,两组患者的FEV1、FVC、PEF、Wmax、VO_2max、力竭时间及SGRQ评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预12周后,两组患者的FEV1、FVC、PEF、Wmax、VO_2max均显著升高,观察组患者的水平显著高于对照组;两组患者的力竭时间均显著延长,观察组患者的力竭时间显著长于对照组;两组患者的SGRQ评分均显著降低,观察组患者的评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论缩唇式锻炼联合穴位敷贴可有效改善慢性阻塞性疾病缓解期患者的肺功能及运动耐力,提高患者生命质量,值得推广应用。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.