急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后血浆过氧化物酶5水平及其与预后的关系

目的探究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血浆过氧化物酶5(Prx5)水平及与预后的关系。方法选取2016年5月—2017年8月接受救治的148例ACS患者作为研究对象,平均随访时间为21.97(8～24)个月。以Prx5评价ACS患者预后的最佳截断点(44.12μg/L)为界,将患者分为高Prx5组(≥44.12μg/L,n=78)和低Prx5组(44.12μg/L,n=70)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测ACS患者血浆Prx5水平,并分析其与ACS患者PCI术后预后的关系。结果 32例(21.62%)ACS患者发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。Prx5评价ACS患者预后的受试者工作特征曲线下面积、灵敏度及特异度分别为0.823、93.75%和62.93%。高Prx5组MACE发生率低于低Prx5组,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。高Prx5组平均生存时间为23.69个月(95%CI:23.34～24.04),高于低Prx5组的20.06个月(95%CI:18.84～21.28),差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。COX单因素及多因素分析结果显示年龄(HR=1.041,95%CI:1.013～1.070,P=0.005)、ACS家族史(HR=2.409,95%CI:1.022～5.677,P=0.046)及慢性阻塞性肺疾病史(HR=6.202,95%CI:1.953～19.700,P=0.002)是ACS患者预后的独立危险因素,而Prx5(HR=0.871,95%CI:0.823～0.921,P0.001)是ACS患者预后的独立保护因素。结论 ACS患者PCI术后血浆Prx5水平与预后密切相关,检测其水平有助于了解预后。     

主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨珠海地区汉族人群主动脉瓣钙化（AVC）与冠心病的相关性.方法 回顾性研究心内科住院患者1140例.所有患者均同期行超声心动图和冠状动脉造影检查,分析AVC与冠心病的相关性.结果 冠心病组中检出AVC的比率明显高于非冠心病组（32.3％比13.8％,P＜0.01）.冠心病组AVC患者冠脉受累严重程度高于无AVC患者.多因素分析显示,AVC、年龄、性别、高脂血症和糖尿病为全组冠心病的独立预测因子（P＜0.05）.结论 AVC与冠心病之间存在显著的相关性,对预测冠心病有一定参考价值.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后平均血小板容积对近期预后的影响

目的研究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者平均血小板容积(MPV)对经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后近期预后的影响。方法选择2015年3月至2018年3月期间在信阳市中心医院行PCI的100例ACS患者作为研究对象,根据PCI术后1年内是否发生不良心血管事件分为预后不良组及对照组。分析2组间一般临床资料、实验室指标、超声指标、PCI治疗情况的差异,采用COX模型分析预后的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析MPV对预后的预测价值。结果预后不良组的高血压率、糖尿病率、吸烟率、MPV、C反应蛋白(CRP)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于对照组,使用血栓抽吸、替罗非班的比例低于对照组(P0.05)。经COX回归分析,吸烟、MPV升高、CRP升高是预后不良的独立危险因素(P0.05)。经ROC曲线分析,MPV对ACS患者PCI术后1年内发生不良心血管事件具有较好的预测价值,最佳截点为10.68 fL,预测的敏感度为70.73%,特异度为72.22%。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,MPV增加的ACS患者不良心血管事件的发生率高于MPV正常的ACS患者(P0.05)。结论 MPV升高是ACS患者PCI术后1年内发生不良心血管事件的独立危险因素,MPV超过10.68 fL对不良心血管事件具有较好的预测价值。     

甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数对急性冠状动脉综合征患者行急诊PCI术远期预后的预测价值

[目的]研究甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积(TyG)指数对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)远期预后的预测价值。[方法]共纳入了2 249例行急诊PCI术的ACS患者,根据TyG指数的中位数将患者分为高TyG指数组及低TyG指数组。比较两组主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生情况。单因素及多因素Cox分析评价TyG对MACCE的预测价值,亚组分析评估TyG指数对MACCE预测价值的一致性。[结果]在66个月随访期间,共有299(13.3%)例患者发生MACCE。与低TyG指数组比,高TyG指数组的MACCE(17.1%比9.5%,P<0.001)、全因死亡(6.2%比3.7%,P=0.007)、心源性死亡(4.4%比2.1%,P=0.002)、非致死性心肌梗死(1.0%比0.3%,P=0.001)、非致死性缺血性卒中(2.0%比1.0%,P=0.039)和缺血驱使的血运重建(7.8%比4.8%,P=0.001)的发生率明显升高。多因素Cox分析显示TyG指数是MACCE的独立预测因子(HR 1.710,95%CI 1.304～2.242,P<0.00...     

不同性别急性冠状动脉综合征患者临床特征及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨不同性别急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的临床特征及影响预后的因素。方法连续入选2014年1月至2015年10月承德医学院附属医院心脏内科行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并符合纳入标准的ACS患者845例,其中女207例(女性组),男638例(男性组),收集患者的基线资料及所有临床资料,建立冠状动脉造影数据库,规律随访,进行预后分析。结果两组患者主要不良心血管事件及全因死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。女性组患者年龄[(60.3±9.8)岁比(55.8±10.3)岁,P0.001]、发病到首次就诊时间[365(14,460)d比60(5,1095)d,P0.001]、疾病加重到就诊时间[168(24,360)h比96(9,360)h,P=0.007]、高血压病(70.0%比52.5%,P0.001)、血脂异常(63.3%比53.4%,P=0.013)、2型糖尿病(32.4%比21.2%,P0.001)比例等显著高于男性组,差异均有统计学意义。多因素Cox风险回归模型显示,因心脏事件再入院、入院48 h内室性心动过速(室速)或心室颤动(室颤)、入院时白细胞升高、B型脑利钠肽100 pg/ml、左心室肥厚均为影响ACS患者预后的独立危险因素,其HR值分别为4.590、4.174、2.861、2.199、3.503(均P0.05)。结论女性ACS患者较男性初始患病年龄大,就诊延迟更为明显,合并高血压病、血脂异常、2型糖尿病等代谢性危险因素患病率高,但女性与男性患者远期预后差异无统计学意义。     

主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病有关联

目的:探讨中国南方部分汉族人群主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病之间的关系。方法:选取同期行冠状动脉造影检查和超声心动图检查患者1 153例,探讨主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病的相关性。结果:冠心病组主动脉瓣钙化的检出率明显高于非冠心病组(32.6%vs.13.9%,P0.01),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,除传统危险因素如年龄、性别、高脂血症、糖尿病外,主动脉瓣钙化也是全组冠心病的一项独立的预测因子(OR=1.53,P0.05)。结论:主动脉瓣钙化与全组冠心病发病之间存在显著的相关性,是冠心病的一项有意义的独立预测因子。     

糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者的注册资料分析

目的　了解糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者的治疗现状。　方法　分析我国近 3年 12个心脏中心注册的 130 1例ACS患者中伴有糖尿病的比率以及该组患者住院期间的临床资料 ,评价经皮冠状动脉介入疗法 (PCI)的治疗情况。　结果　 (1) 2 1 5 %的ACS患者伴有糖尿病 ;(2 )糖尿病合并ACS患者中高血压 (HT)、高血脂 (HL)的发生率显著高于非糖尿病组 ;(3)年龄 >75岁、脑卒中史以及心功能衰竭 (心衰 )史是糖尿病合并ACS患者住院期间未能接受PCI治疗的预测因素 (OR值分别为 2 393、2 30 3、2 82 8) ;(4 )PCI治疗组住院期间再发心绞痛、充血性心衰和心源性休克明显低于未接受再灌注治疗组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(5 )PCI治疗组死亡率明显降低 (0 0 % ,10 6 % )。　结论　 (1)目前糖尿病患者中合并ACS的比率为 2 1 5 %左右 ;(2 )在糖尿病合并ACS患者中控制高血压、高血脂尤为重要 ;(3)影响糖尿病合并ACS患者未能接受PCI治疗的因素有年龄 >75岁、脑卒中史以及心衰史 ;(4 )PCI治疗能改善糖尿病合并ACS患者近期预后。     

老年急性冠脉综合征患者胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉钙化积分及预后的关系

目的探讨老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的关系及对患者临床预后的影响。方法入选2013年6月至2014年6月广州市第一人民医院心内科收治的非ST段抬高型ACS的老年患者(年龄≥60岁)150例。采用稳态模型方法(HOMA)计算IR指数(HOMA-IR),并根据HOMA-IR,将所有患者分为两组:IR组(HOMA-IR5.0;n=80)和非IR组(HOMA-IR≤5.0;n=70)。入选患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前均接受螺旋CT心脏冠脉成像检查,计算冠状动脉钙化积分(CCS)。PCI术后对两组患者进行12个月的随访,记录主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果两组患者的空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)间均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示老年ACS患者HOMA-IR和CCS呈正相关(r=0.393,P0.01)。随访12个月,多因素logistic回归分析显示HOMA-IR5.0,CCS400、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级和糖尿病是老年ACS患者PCI术后MACE发生的独立危险因素;Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示IR组患者累积生存率显著低于非IR组(Log-rank=4.755,P=0.029)。结论存在IR的老年非ST段抬高型ACS患者冠状动脉钙化更为严重,IR及CCS对接受PCI术的老年非ST段抬高型ACS患者临床预后有预测价值。     

接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的青年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的基线特征、治疗和30天预后

目的研究接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的青年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者的基线特征、治疗和30 d预后。方法连续入选本院自2003年11月至2012年12月收治的接受直接PCI的STEMI患者,根据患者年龄分为青年组(年龄<45岁)和对照组(年龄≥45岁),比较两组患者临床和冠状动脉造影资料、药物和介入治疗情况以及30 d预后。结果共纳入957例患者,平均年龄(62.4±12.7)岁,男760例(79.4%)。其中,青年组111例(11.6%),平均年龄(40.8±4.0)岁,男100例(90.1%)。与对照组相比,青年组男性(90.1%比78.0%,P<0.001)、吸烟(78.4%比57.9%,P<0.001)、高脂血症(56.8%比45.6%,P=0.027)的比例更高;而高血压(36.0%比61.1%,P<0.001)、糖尿病(24.3%比36.4%,P=0.012)、卒中(1.8%比11.1%,P=0.002)、冠状动脉血运重建史(3.6%比9.7%,P=0.035)的比例更低。青年组冠状动脉单支病变的比例高于对照组(47.7%比17.8%,P<0.001),而三支病变的比例低于对照组(25.2%比49.6%,P<0.001)。青年组使用β阻滞剂(99.1%比89.6%,P=0.001)和血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa抑制剂(44.1%比36.4%,P=0.044)高于对照组。青年组的症状-球囊扩张时间[270(180,420)min比300(180,480)min,P=0.048]和症状-入门时间[120(60,270)min比160(90,300)min,P=0.038]更短。青年组住院时间更短[(9.4±4.3)d比(12.3±7.4)d,P<0.001],左心室射血分数更高[(59.0±11.0)%比(57.0±12.0)%,P=0.034],30 d心力衰竭(6.3%比16.7%,P=0.005)和全因死亡(1.8%比6.7%,P=0.042)发生率更低。结论在接受直接PCI的STEMI患者中,青年患者与中老年患者相比,以男性为主,吸烟、高脂血症是其主要危险因素,合并症更少,冠状动脉多为单支病变,药物治疗更充分,再灌注治疗更及时,并发症更少,30 d预后更好。     

药物洗脱支架血栓形成并发急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的预后研究

目的 分析药物洗脱支架(DES)血栓形成引起急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床和直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)特征及预后.方法 31例因DES血栓形成引起STEMI(ST组)和93例由原发冠状动脉病变所致STEMI患者(对照组)接受直接PCI治疗.记录各例临床和PCI特征及1年随访结果.研究主要终点为院内及1年累积主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡、非致命性再梗死及靶血管再次血运重建(TVR).结果 与对照组比较,ST组年龄较大(69.9±11.4岁比63.7±13.6岁,P=0.01),糖尿病(41.9%比22.6%,P=0.04)和既往心肌梗死史(29.0%比11.8%,P=0.02)明显增多;直接PCI后冠状动脉TIMI 3级血流显著降低(45.2%比92.5%,P＜0.001).ST组院内死亡率(16.1%比3.2%,P=0.01)和MACE发生率(25.8%比7.5%,P:0.007)显著增高,术后1年总生存率及无MACE生存率显著降低(分别为77.4%比92.5%,P=0.016;59.4%比85.1%,P=0.001).结论 DES血栓形成引起STEMI患者即使接受直接PCI治疗,其院内死亡及MACE发生率仍显著高于由原发冠状动脉病变所致的心肌梗死患者.     

Triple origin of left coronary arteries from right coronary artery: Unusual case of single coronary artery

A rare case of coronary anomaly is presented: all of the coronary arteries originated from a single ostium located in the right coronary cusp. No clinical evidence of coronary pathology was recognized until the age of 57 years when the patient was found to have coronary obstructive disease. The single coronary artery had a main branch corresponding to the usual dominant right coronary artery. Three other branches separated from this and vascularized the areas normally receiving the circumflex and ramus medianus, the left anterior descending, and a large septal branch.     

Implication of transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurement during coronary angioplasty

The aim of this study was to establish a criterion for the success of an angioplasty based upon pressure gradients across coronary lesions. Sixty-two percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA) in 56 patients with isolated left anterior descending artery disease were examined. Pressure gradients measured before and after PTCA were expressed as normalized mean pressure gradients (NMPG) computed by dividing mean pressure gradient by mean aortic or proximal coronary artery pressure. Angiographic severity was expressed as percentage area stenosis (AS) calculated from diastolic caliper measurements of diameter of each lesion and the nearest normal adjacent segment in at least two projections. The relationship between AS and NMPG was nonlinear with a steep increase in gradients beyond a critical value of AS of about 60%. This relationship was unaffected by angiographically visualized collaterals. All except one of 65 coronary stenotic lesions with NMPG of more than 0.32 had an AS of more than 60%. Only three of 57 coronary stenoses with NMPG of less than 0.32 had severe AS (p < 0.001). The results indicate that NMPG is a reliable, practical guide to the severity of coronary stenosis and is therefore a useful measurement for assessing either the success or the residual stenosis during PTCA.     

Left main stem coronary artery dissection during coronary angiography

This paper describes a case of dissection of the main stem of the left coronary artery during coronary angiography with an uneventful clinical course. As far as we know, only one comparable case has been reported before. A brief survey of the pertinent literature is presented. Some possible pathogenetic factors are considered. No specific preventive or therapeutic measurement can be recommended.     

The incidence of coronary anomalies on routine coronary computed tomography scans

The incidence of coronary anomalies (CCAs) in a typical angiographic study was 1.3%.1 Studies have been conducted on CCAs using conventional invasive coronary angiography in highly selected groups of patients but these studies may not reflect the true incidence of CCAs.Although the majority of CCAs are benign and incidentally detected during conventional angiography, certain CCAs may cause syncope, heart failure or sudden death, especially among young athletes.2,3 The US National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes at the Minneapolis Heart Institute Registry found that CCAs were the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death (out of 17% of the population who died of cardiac-related causes).4Although conventional invasive coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of CCAs, transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) can all identify for diagnosis, CCAs in certain groups of patients.5-10 Transthoracic twodimensional echocardiography may depict the origin of the coronary arteries, especially the left main artery, but successful detection of coronary anomalies depends on the age and size of the patient.5,6Transoesophageal echocardiography has an increased success rate of identifying coronary anomalies in comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography. Nevertheless, the position of the transducer, cardiac motion, and the curvilinear course of the vessel all affect visualisation of coronary anomalies. Moreover, transoesophageal echocardiography is a semi-invasive method and is time consuming.6,7Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides an accurate assessment of the course of anomalous coronary arteries.8,9 However, this technique cannot be performed in patients with pacemakers, certain types of arrhythmias or defibrillating devices, and it may be difficult to perform in claustrophobic patients. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of MR imaging is substantially inferior to that of the newest generation of CT scanners.10Myocardial bridging (MB) is defined as the compression of a coronary artery during systole while it is normal in diastole. MB has been linked to serious cardiac events.11 The incidence of myocardial bridging in the population varies substantially according to invasive coronary angiography (13%) and autopsy (15–85%).12,13 The reported incidence of MB has increased up to 44% when using 64-MSCT.14 Because of its ability to cause serious cardiac events, diagnosing MB is clinically important.MSCT is a minimally invasive method that provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution of the coronary arteries. There have been a limited number of studies evaluating CCAs and MB with 64-MSCT. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of CCAs and MB using 64-MSCT in a relatively large population.     

冠状动脉造影检查在冠心病诊断中作用的再探讨

目的探讨冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查在诊断冠心病中作用,就其对多年来被认为是金标准作用进行再探讨。方法对138例怀疑有冠心病的患者,均经普通ECG,动态ECG,活动平板和CAG。结果只有71例患者的冠状动脉造影检查符合目前冠心病标准,其余67例患者冠状动脉未达标（轻度-中度狭窄,或完全正常或仅见散在斑块形成）。结论冠心病的诊断是一个较为复杂的问题,CAG检查是诊断冠心病的一个重要依据,有相当比例的冠心病患者（CAG）无明显异常。     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

Detection of impaired coronary flow reserve in coronary artery disease using transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of coronary sinus blood flow

In order to establish whether coronary flow reserve (CFR) can be measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with pulse wave Doppler echocardiography, 14 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 12 normal subjects were studied. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured at rest and 2 minutes after intravenous injection of 0.56 mg/kg dipyridamole (DP). CFR was calculated as the DP to rest flow ratio. Patients with CAD were found to have significantly decreased CFR when compared to normal subjects. These findings suggest that TTE may be useful in diagnosing CAD.     

The disappearing coronary stenosis: reemphasizing the importance of excluding coronary vasospasm before coronary intervention.

We describe a case of resting angina with multiple angiographic stenoses that were highly suitable for stenting. These classic lesions resolved after intracoronary nitroglycerin while positioning a stent. This case reemphasizes the need to exclude vasospasm prior to any interventional coronary procedure.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery

Angioplasty of anomalous coronary arteries presents unique technical challenges. Correct guiding catheter selection is important to ensure adequate access to the anomalous vessel and to provide support to cross the lesion. A case of successful PTCA of a lesion in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery is presented. © 1993 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.