动态血压评价福辛普利治疗老年收缩期高血压的临床疗效

目的评价福辛普利治疗老年收缩期高血压（ＩＳＨ）的临床疗效及其安全性。方法５６例轻、中度高血压患者服用福辛普利５～２０ｍｇ，１／ｄ，疗程６周，采用随测血压（ＣＢＰ）和２４ｈ动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）。结果总有效率为９１．１％。谷峰比率：收缩压（ＳＢＰ）为７３．５％，舒张压（ＤＢＰ）为５２．８％。治疗后，２４ｈ平均ＳＢＰ（２４ｈＳ）、最低ＳＢＰ（ＭｉｎＳ）、最高ＳＢＰ（ＭａｘＳ）、白昼平均ＳＢＰ（ｄＳ）、夜间平均ＳＢＰ（ｎＳ）和血压负荷值（Ｓ＞１４０）均呈显著性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２４ｈ平均ＤＢＰ（２４ｈＤ）、最高ＤＢＰ（ＭａｘＤ）和夜间平均ＤＢＰ（ｎＤ）亦有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。不良反应的发生率为２３．３％。结论福辛普利是治疗ＩＳＨ的安全、有效、耐受良好的药物     

老年人24小时动态血压正常值研究

探讨老年人２４ｈ动态血压（２４ｈＡＢＰ）波动规律，波动范围及正常值。方法采用ＢＰ－５０型无袖带式ＡＢＰ监测仪观察健康体检和非高血压住院的老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ变化。结果老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ波动规律呈峰谷变化和昼高夜低的特点。以均值±２个标准差为正常值，其均值范围为（１）２４ｈ平均血压１０９～１３５／６８～８３ｍｍＨｇ；（２）夜间下降率７．０％～１１．８％（ＳＢＰ）／１．２％～４．４％（ＤＢＰ）；（３）血压负荷６．８％～１２．８％／３．７％～６．５％。结论上述三项指标可作为老年人２４ｈＡＢＰ判定标准，大于正常可诊断高血压。     

起搏综合征患者的24小时动态血压监测(摘要)

应用２４小时动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）术,可观察起搏器安置术前后患者动态血压变化,探讨起搏综合征的发生机制。一、对象与方法１．病例选择：欲行ＶＶＩ起搏器安置术的患者１１例,女５例,男６例。年龄２３～６２岁,平均（４９．８±１４．５）岁。病窦综合征７例。完全性房室传导阻滞４例。排除高血压病史及有明显心肝肾功能损害的患者。检查前停服心血管活性药物３天。２．ＡＢＰＭ采用ＴＭ２４２０型携带式动态血压监测仪,扫常规方法对患者进行２４小时动态血压监测,分析下列参数：（１）２４小时平均收缩压（２４ｈＳＢＰ）和２…     

非洛地平治疗老年人单纯收缩期高血压的疗效观察及对肾脏功能的影响

钙拮抗剂作为重要的抗高血压药物，一直为临床广泛使用。非洛地平是一种新型的二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂，由于降压平稳和长效，特别适合老年高血压的治疗。我们通过４～６ｗ用药前后２４ｈ动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）和自身用药前后β２微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）变化，观察了非...     

用动态血压与超声心动图分析影响高血压预后的诸因素

一般认为,在分析预测与高血压（ＥＨ）有关的心脏血管意外事件方面,无创伤２４ｈ动态血压监测技术（ＡＢＰＭ）优于人工偶测血压［１,２］,作者从年龄、２４ｈ平均血压的高低、高血压病程的长短和动态血压昼夜节律的改变——４个影响高血压预后的因素,分析比较其ＡＢＰＭ、二维超声心动图（ＩＣＧ）参数及临床并发症。１．１　对象　１３０例为我院就诊ＥＨ患者,符合ＷＨＯ高血压诊断标准,年龄３３岁～７５岁,平均５５±１２岁,其中男９２例,女３８例,并发脑血管意外（ＣＶＡ）１４例（脑梗死８例,脑溢血６例）,冠心病（ＣＡＤ…     

高血压患者自我血压监测的应用

高血压诊断治疗传统上均根据医生办公室所测血压（ＯＢＰ）。但高血压患者２４小时血压常有较大变异；办公室偶测血压并不能够代表患者２４小时血压情况，而且有相当数量（２０％～３０％）的“白大衣高血压”。动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）和家庭血压监测（ＨＢＰＭ）则弥补...     

培哚普利治疗原发性高血压的临床观察

目的观察培哚普利对原发性高血压的降压作用及副反应。方法３７例轻中度原发性高血压患者予培哚普利共８周，评价对随诊血压及２４ｈ动态血压的影响。结果治疗４周收缩压（ＳＢＰ）无明显降低（Ｐ＞０．０５），舒张压（ＤＢＰ）明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），８周ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），随诊血压降压有效率分别为５４．１％（４周）及６７．６％（８周），２４ｈ动态血压曲线８周时呈明显下降，除咳嗽外未发现其他严重副反应。结论培哚普利对轻中度原发性高血压是安全有效的降压药物。     

NIDDM患者24小时血压监测的临床意义

用无创性动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）对３０例血压正常的ＮＩＤＤＭ患者进行２４小时动态血压监测，并探讨其与自主神经病变和肾病的关系。结果：ＮＩＤＤＭ患者２４小时平均收缩压（１６．５±２．６ｋＰａ）、夜间收缩压（１６．３±３．１ｋＰａ）均较对照组（分别为１４．６±１．１ｋＰａ和１４．０±１．６ｋＰａ）明显增高；夜间收缩压负荷值增高（有１７例，占５７％）；夜间收缩压下降百分率降低（５．７％±５．０％对１０．４％±５．７％）；有神经病变的ＮＩＤＤＭ患者夜间收缩压下降百分率（３．６％±３．３％）及昼－夜尿白蛋白排泄差值（８．８％±８．５％）均低于无神经病变患者（分别为９．９％±５．１％和２０．６％±１１．１％）。提示糖尿病患者血压昼夜节律减弱或消失以及夜间血压增高可能参与糖尿病肾病的发生。     

动态血压监测二级筛选诊断高血压的价值

选择上海人民出版社医务室管辖的７７０名职工中的１０８例高血压（确诊１０２例，临界６例）为对象，观察停服降压药２周以上后的２４ｈ动态血压（ＡＢＰ）参数。在１０１例（检测率９３．５％）受检患者中，ＡＢＰ各项参数均正常者占１９．８％，随年龄增大而减少，男性１５．２％，女性３６．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；各项参数均升高者占２５．７％，随年龄增大而增加，男性３０．４％，女性９．１％（Ｐ＜０．１）。高血压患病率根据随测血压的ＷＨＯ标准为１４．０％，按照ＡＢＰ参数则为１１．２％。结果提示动态血压监测可以作为高血压诊断的二级筛选手段，有助于识别＂诊所高血压＂和高危患者。     

夜间血压对腔隙性脑梗死预后的不利影响

研究首次应用ＭＲＩ和动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）对腔隙性脑梗死病人进行前瞻性研究，以阐明控制适当的血压对预防腔隙性脑梗死的意义。方法１０５例有症状的腔隙性脑梗死病人，首次就诊时行ＭＲＩ扫描，然后使用便携式自动血压记录仪行２４ｈ血压监测，达４周以上。当人工...     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Language of CTO interventions – Focus on hardware

The knowledge of variety of chronic total occlusion (CTO) hardware and the ability to use them represents the key to success of any CTO interventions. However, the multiplicity of CTO hardware and their physical character and the terminology used by experts create confusion in the mind of an average interventional cardiologist, particularly a beginner in this field. This knowledge is available but is scattered. We aim to classify and compare the currently used devices based on their properties focusing on how physical character of each device can be utilized in a specific situation, thus clarifying and simplifying the technical discourse.     

High prevalence of distal sensory polyneuropathy in antiretroviral-treated and untreated people with HIV in Tanzania

Objectives To describe the prevalence of distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP), a complication of both advanced HIV disease and of antiretroviral therapy (ART), amongst Tanzanians with HIV, on and off ART (including stavudine) with CD4 counts above and below 200 cells/μl. Methods We recruited participants attending ART clinic into four groups: >6 months ART exposure and (i) CD4 < 200 cells/μl or (ii) CD4 > 200 cells/μl (ART/CD4 < 200 and ART/CD4 > 200, respectively); ART‐naïve and (iii) CD4 < 200 cells/μl or iv)CD4 > 200 cells/μl (noART/CD4 < 200 and noART/CD4 > 200, respectively). Primary outcome was DSP, as defined by presence of at least one symptom and one sign. Results Of 326 evaluable participants, 81 (32 men, median age 38 years, median CD4 142 cells/μl) were enrolled in the ART/CD4 < 200 group, 78 (17 men, median age 37 years, median CD4 345 cells/μl) in ART/CD4 > 200, 81 (30 men, median age 37 years, median CD4 128 cells/μl) in noART/CD4 < 200 and 86 (22 men, median age 33 years, median CD4 446 cells/μl) in noART/CD4 > 200. Numbness was the most commonly reported symptom. DSP prevalence ranged from 43.2% in ART/CD4 < 200 to 20.9% in noART/CD4 > 200. DSP was more common among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.3) and older participants (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.2 for age 40 + vs. <30 years). Conclusion Distal sensory polyneuropathy is common amongst those attending this clinic, even those with no ART exposure and a CD4 count above 200 cells/μl. Stavudine and didanosine expose HIV‐infected patients to an additional avoidable risk of DSP. Access to non‐neurotoxic ART regimes as well as earlier HIV diagnosis and initiation of ART is needed.