Changes in intestinal microflora in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome

AIM:To implement high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to study microbial diversity in the fecal matter of rats with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ALI/ARDS).METHODS:Intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide was used to induce ALI,and the pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed.D-lactate levels and diamine oxidase(DAO)activities were determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry.The fragments encompassing V4 16S rDNA hypervariable regions were PCR amplified from fecal samples,and the PCR products of V4 were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq.RESULTS:Increased D-lactate levels and DAO activities were observed in the model group(P<0.01).Sequencing results revealed the presence of 3780 and4142 species in the control and model groups,respectively.The percentage of shared species was 18.8419%.Compared with the control group,the model group had a higher diversity index and a lower number of species of Fusobacteria(at the phylum level),Helicobacter and Roseburia(at the genus level)(P<0.01).Differences in species diversity,structure,distribution and composition were found between the control group and early ARDS group.CONCLUSION:The detection of specific bacteria allows early detection and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS.     

2007年山西省高氟水源筛查及降氟改水工程现状调查

Objective To explore into the condition of fluoride content of the drinking water and the present status of water-improving projects in the endemic fluomsis areas in Shanxi province,and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control.Methods In 2007,according to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control",screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in non-improving water villages of 15 counties(cities,districts).The investigation of all water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).The fluoride content in drinking water was determined by fluoride selective ion electrode(GB/T 8538-1995).Results Screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in 969 non-improving water villages in 15 counties(cities,districts).Average water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 497 villages,accounting for 51.29%(497/969).Average water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 472 villages.accounting for 48.71%(472/969).The overall standard drinking water fluoride content was mainlv>1.0-4.0mg/L,and the maximum average water fluoride content was 8.96 mg/L.The investigation of 290 water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).Among 290 water-improving projects 213 water-improving projects were running normally,accounting for 73.45%(213/290);77 water-improving projects were running abnormally,accounting for 26.55%(77/290).Water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 158 projects,accounting for 54.48%(158/290).Water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 132 projects,accounting for 45.52%(132/290).The maximal water fluoride content was 5.20 mg/L.Conclusions The situation of drinking water fluoride content over the national standard is serious in Shanxi province.The qualification rate was lower for the fluoride content of water-improving projects.Therefore,we should strength water-improving projects to raise the effectiveness of prevention and treatment and assure their quality.     

2007年山西省高氟水源筛查及降氟改水工程现状调查

Objective To explore into the condition of fluoride content of the drinking water and the present status of water-improving projects in the endemic fluomsis areas in Shanxi province,and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control.Methods In 2007,according to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control",screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in non-improving water villages of 15 counties(cities,districts).The investigation of all water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).The fluoride content in drinking water was determined by fluoride selective ion electrode(GB/T 8538-1995).Results Screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in 969 non-improving water villages in 15 counties(cities,districts).Average water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 497 villages,accounting for 51.29%(497/969).Average water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 472 villages.accounting for 48.71%(472/969).The overall standard drinking water fluoride content was mainlv>1.0-4.0mg/L,and the maximum average water fluoride content was 8.96 mg/L.The investigation of 290 water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).Among 290 water-improving projects 213 water-improving projects were running normally,accounting for 73.45%(213/290);77 water-improving projects were running abnormally,accounting for 26.55%(77/290).Water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 158 projects,accounting for 54.48%(158/290).Water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 132 projects,accounting for 45.52%(132/290).The maximal water fluoride content was 5.20 mg/L.Conclusions The situation of drinking water fluoride content over the national standard is serious in Shanxi province.The qualification rate was lower for the fluoride content of water-improving projects.Therefore,we should strength water-improving projects to raise the effectiveness of prevention and treatment and assure their quality.     

河北省低碘盐覆盖率地区重点人群碘营养状况调查

Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of the target population living in the areas with low coverage rate of iodized salt and to provide a basis to prevent and control iodine deficiency. Methods The investigation was carried out in the areas with coverage rate of iodized salt lower than 80%, including 7 counties (city, district). Three townships(sub-district office) were sampled in each county and two elementary schools in each township(sub-district office). Urinary iodine level was measured for 40 children aged from 8 to 10 years old in each elementary school. Drinking water iodine was collected and determined in their living villages. Twenty salt samples were tested for iodine in salt from 20 house which had fertile women, and urine iodine of 10 fertile women were tested in each village. Results Sixty-two water samples were determined and the water iodine was ranged from 5.8 to 272.7 μg/L, of which 3 water samples were equal and more than 150 μg/L. Eight hundred and seventy-two salt samples were collected. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 70.74%(585/827) and the coverage rates were below than 80% in 5 counties (city, district). A total of 1660 children' urine samples were collected, the content of urine iodine ranged from 10.0 to 1088.0 μg/L and the urine iodine median was 173.7 μg/L. Four hundred and thirty-seven urine samples were collected from the fertile women and the urine iodine median was 179.1 μg/L. The iodine level of children and women was the highest in Dongguang County(251.8,273.8 μg/L) while that of Hejian County (130.8,118.7 μg/L) was the lowest. Conclusions Although the iodine nutrition of children and fertile women is appropriate in areas with low coverage rate of iodized salt, we presume from the results that the possibility of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women exists in Hejian and Anping.     

山东省碘缺乏地区居民饮水含碘量调查

Objective To look into the current distribution of iodine deficiency area in Shandong province and to guide the re-defined iodine deficiency area and to supplement iodine scientifically. Methods In 2008, 100 iodine deficiency counties(cities, districts), designated in Shandong province's "to supplement iodized salt to eliminate the hazard of iodine deficiency management regulations", were selected in the study. One to three samples were collected from water source which was used by the majority of local residents in the 100 iodine deficiency places and iodine concentration was tested by As3+-Ce4+ catalyzing spectrophotometry. Results A total of 65 716 water samples were collected. Sample recovery efficiency reached 99.8%(65 572/65 716). The median water iodine was 5.57 μg/L, with 82.05%( 1097/1337 ) of the township(town) met criteria for the classification of iodine deficiency areas(water iodine ＜ 10 μg/L), 17.43%(233/1337) of the township (town) water iodine moderate(water iodine 10 - 150 μg/L), and 0.52%(7/1337)of the township(town) should be defined high iodine areas(water iodine ＞ 150 - 300 μg/L). Conclusions The iodine deficiency areas should be redefined because water iodine concentrations of iodine deficiency areas have changed. We suggest that the smallest place to supply salt with different range of iodine content is set to the township(town).     

北京市5岁及以上常住人口疫苗接种前新型甲型H1N1流感病毒人群抗体水平分析

Objective To explore the herd immunity against influenza A(H1N1)in pre-vaccinated residents aged over 5 years.and therefore to provide data for vaccination policies in high risk populations. Methods From October to December 2009,Beijing CDC conducted a serum survey of the hovel influenza A (H1N1) in the local residents,stratified in 10 age groups between 5 years to over 60 years,without H1N1 vaccination history and disease history.Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed at Beijing CDC.Statistical significance was determined with geometric mean titer(GMT). Results 3499 serum samples were tested for HI antibody.The average level of HI antibody was 1:8.03.and 11.06%(387/3499)were sero-positive(HI antibody level≥1:40).In the group aged from 5 to 19 years,the level of HI antibody and the sero-positive rate were higber(HI antibody>1:8.9.sero-positive rate>12%). Conclusions The antibody levels in different groups were affected by age specific morbidity,and the higher antibody level of the school-age group was correlated with higher disease intensity in this population.The data showed that the herd immunity in Beijing was under the optimal level,but influenza A(H1N1)would probably become prevalent in the short coming future.     

Serum transforming growth factor-β1 level reflects disease status in patients with esophageal carcinoma after radiotherapy

AIM To evaluate the relationship between changes in serum transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) level and curative effect of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with esophageal carcinoma.METHODS Ninety patients with histologically confirmed esophageal carcinoma were enrolled. Serum samples for TGFβ1 analysis were obtained before and at the end of RT. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum TGFβ1 level. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between disease status and changes in serum TGFβ1 level.RESULTS Serum TGFβ1 level in patients with esophageal carcinoma before RT was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P ＜ 0.001). At the end of RT, serum TGFβ1 level was decreased in 67.82% (59/87) of the patients. The overall survival rate at 1,3 and 5 years was 48.28% (42/87), 19.54% (17/87)and 12.64% (11/87), respectively. Main causes of death were local failure and regional lymph node metastasis.In patients whose serum TGFβ1 level decreased after RT,the survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 61.02% (36/59),28.81% (17/59) and 18.64% (11/59), respectively. The survival rate at 1 year was 17.86% (5/28) in patients whose serum TGFβ1 level increased after RT, and all died within 18 mo (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION Serum TGFβ1 level may be a useful marker for monitoring disease status after RT in patients with esophageal carcinoma.     

Relationships between serum vitamin B_(12) level and arsenic methylation capability,and risk of arsenicosis

正Objective To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B_(12) level and arsenic methylation and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the arsenic exposed population.Methods Three villages in Midu County,Dali City,Yunnan Province were investigated.Cross-sectional study was used to select 103 subjects.The population was divided into three groups according to drinking water     

Expression of annexin A5 in serum and tumor tissue of patients with colon cancer and its clinical significance

AIM To investigate the expression of annexin A5 in serum and tumor tissue of patients with colon cancer and to analyze its clinical significance.METHODS Ninety-three patients with colon cancer treated at our hospital between February 2013 and March 2016 were included in an observation group, and 40 healthy individuals were included in a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum level of annexin A5, while immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of annexin A5 in cancer tissues.RESULTS The serum level of annexin A5 was 0.184 ± 0.043 ng/m L in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05). Annexin A5 expression was detected in 79.31% of the patients with lymph node metastasis, which was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis(P 0.05). Moreover, annexin A5 expression was detected in 86.96% of the patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ disease, which was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ disease(P 0.05). The serum level of annexin A5 was 0.215 ± 0.044 ng/m L in patients whose tumors were positive for annexin A5 expression, which was significantly higher than that in patients whose tumors were negative for annexin A5 expression(P 0.05). The serum level of annexin A5 was correlated with annexin A5 expression in colon cancer tissues(r= 0.312, P 0.05). When a cutoff value of 0.148 ng/m L for serum level of annexin A5 was used in the diagnosis of colon cancer, the sensitivity was 83.90%, and the specificity was 57.50%.CONCLUSION For patients with colon cancer, annexin A5 expression in cancer tissues is related to lymph node metastasis and tumor grade. Serum level of annexin A5 is related to annexin A5 expression in cancer tissues and is of diagnostic relevance.     

A Pedigree Analysis of a Family With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Objective The current study was designed to investigate the features of a family with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH). Methods Twenty members of three generations in a family with FH were enrolled in the study. The data collected were from clinical observation and subjected to pedigree analysis. Results The proband was a 41 years old male who suffered from angina pectoris with multi-vessel stenosis of coronary artery at the age of 40. Among 20 members, 8 individuals were demonstrated with hypercholes-terolemia in this family with the total incidence of 40% [54.5% (6/11) in male and 22. 2% (2/9) in female The serum total cholesterol level was elevated in childhood from 7. 1 to 10. 8 mmol/L and tended to be raised with increasing age. In addition, the level of total cholesterol was found to be elevated both in a monozy-gote twin brothers and their offspring in the family. Conclusion FH appears to be a hereditary disease of autosomal dominance inheritance and the outcome of FH patients with coronary hea     

高血压降压治疗目标的再认识

根据传统的高血压水平的定义,1993年WHO高血压治疗指南提出血压控制目标为<140/90mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),但是并非所有患者都必须将血压降至同一水平,而应根据患者情况进行个体化治疗。Framingham进行的一项长达10～12年的心血管事件研究发现,第5年后,正常上限血压[收缩压(SBP     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Evaluation of criterion validity of CHF-quality of life scale of integrative medicine

正Objective To evaluate the criterion validity of Chronic Heart Failure(CHF)-Quality of Life(QOL)Scale of Integrative Medicine(abbreviated as Scale).Methods Clinical data of 249 CHF in-patients were collected.