正常高值血压与新发颈动脉斑块的相关性

目的探讨正常高值血压与新发颈动脉斑块形成的关系。方法在参加2006-2007年度开滦集团健康体检的职工101 510人中分层随机抽取观察对象,按入选标准选取观察对象5440人组成研究队列,分别于2010-2011年和2012-2013年对观察队列进行随访健康体检,同时进行颈动脉超声检查。根据2010-2011年血压水平将观察队列分成3组:正常血压组、正常高值血压组、高血压组,并对新发颈动脉斑块的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果在5440名观察对象中,排除2010-2011年超声检测发现颈动脉有斑块者,纳入本次研究3089人,其中未参加2012-2013年健康体检者175人,颈动脉斑块超声资料不完整者561人,最终纳入统计分析的有2353人。随访2年后,全部人群新发颈动脉斑块检出率为15.0%;正常血压组(n=618)、正常高值血压组(n=950)、高血压组(n=785)新发颈动脉斑块检出率分别为7.9%、15.5%、19.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);进一步将正常高值血压组按不同血压水平分为正常高值血压1组(收缩压/舒张压120~129/80~84mm Hg)和正常高值血压2组(收缩压/舒张压130~139/85~89mm Hg),调整其他危险因素后,正常高值血压1组、正常高值血压2组、高血压组新发颈动脉斑块的风险分别比正常血压组增加67.6%、73.4%和109.6%,其OR值分别为1.676(95%CI1.145~2.454),1.734(95%CI1.137~2.644),2.096(95%CI1.468~2.993)。结论随着血压水平的增高,新发颈动脉斑块的检出率增加。在正常高值血压阶段,新发颈动脉斑块的检出率已显著增加。     

非高血压中老年人群血压变化与颈动脉斑块的相关性

目的探讨开滦研究队列基线(2006年)血压水平及4年后(2010年)血压变化与颈动脉斑块检出率的关系。方法在参加2006-2007年度开滦集团健康体检的职工101 510人中分层随机抽取观察对象,按入选标准选取观察对象5440人组成研究队列,于2010-2011年对观察队列进行健康体检,并进行颈动脉超声检查。选取队列中非高血压人群共计3802人进行统计分析。根据基线血压和4年间血压变化进一步分为:(1)稳定为正常血压组(n=673);(2)正常血压进展为正常高值血压组(n=793);(3)正常血压进展为高血压组(n=408);(4)正常高值血压降为正常血压组(n=295);(5)稳定为正常高值血压组(n=915);(6)正常高值血压进展为高血压组(n=718),观察血压变化与颈动脉斑块的关系。结果正常血压人群颈动脉斑块的检出率为32.4%,正常高值血压人群颈动脉斑块的检出率为38.1%;正常血压稳定为正常血压、进展为正常高值血压组及进展为高血压组斑块的检出率分别为19.2%、32.5%、54.2%;正常高值血压降为正常血压组、稳定为正常高值血压组及进展为高血压组斑块的检出率分别为27.8%、34.4%、46.9%。调整其他危险因素后,与稳定为正常血压组比较,正常血压进展为高血压组、正常高值血压降为正常血压组、稳定为正常高值血压组和正常高值血压进展为高血压组发生颈动脉斑块的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.451(1.604~3.744)、1.513(1.019~2.247)、1.643(1.212~2.228)和2.268(1.643~3.123)。结论非高血压人群中,随着血压水平的升高,颈动脉斑块的检出率增加。血压稳定在正常水平动脉粥样硬化风险较低。     

空腹血糖对中老年人群踝臂指数的影响

目的 探讨不同空腹血糖水平（FBG）对中老年人踝臂指数（ABI）的影响。方法 在2006年～2007年参加健康体检的101510例开滦集团职工中随机分层抽取5852例作为研究对象,进行统一问卷调查及血液生化检查,符合入选标准的为5440例。于2010年～2011年进行第三次健康体检并测量ABI,最终纳入统计分析的有效数据为5189例。根据美国糖尿病协会指南,按FBG将研究人群分成三组：理想血糖组（FBG＜5.6 mmol/L）、空腹血糖受损（IFG）组（5.6 mmol/L≤FBG＜7.0 mmol/L）、糖尿病组（FBG≥7.0 mmol/L或糖尿病患者）。对影响ABI的相关危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 理想血糖组、IFG组、糖尿病组ABI分别为1.10±0.09、1.09±0.11、1.08±0.13（P＜0.05）,ABI≤0.9的检出率分别为2.97%、4.74%、8.81%（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病为ABI≤0.9的危险因素,其OR值为1.97（95% CI为1.32～2.96）;在女性人群中,IFG、糖尿病均为ABI≤0.9的危险因素,其OR值分别为2.26（95% CI为1.25～4.07）、2.37（95% CI为1.06～5.26）。结论空腹血糖是影响中老年人群ABI的独立危险因素,在女性人群中更加显著。     

中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化分布特点及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的分布特点以及与心血管病危险因素的关系.方法 对中美协作研究队列中的石景山人群和多省市队列中的北京大学社区人群2007年9至10月期间的心血管病危险因素以及颈动脉超声的横断面复查结果进行分析.参加调查人数共计2681名,年龄43～81岁.结果 (1)颈动脉内中膜36点厚度平均值为0.68 mm,最大值为1.07 mm.(2)颈动脉斑块检出率为60.3%.男女两性颈动脉膨大部斑块检出率分别为61.2%和51.6%(x~2=23.44,P<0.01).颈内动脉斑块检出率分别为24.7%和12.2%(x~2=69.57,P<0.01).颈总动脉斑块检出率分别为20.9%和13.8%(x~2=23.18,P<0.01).(3)多因素分析:男女两性颈动脉内中膜厚度平均值和最大值随着收缩压、血糖及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的增加而增加.与无危险因素者比较,高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症者颈动脉斑块检出率较高(P<0.05).结论 我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化普遍存在,且与多个心血管病危险因素有关联.     

中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化分布特点及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的分布特点以及与心血管病危险因素的关系.方法 对中美协作研究队列中的石景山人群和多省市队列中的北京大学社区人群2007年9至10月期间的心血管病危险因素以及颈动脉超声的横断面复查结果进行分析.参加调查人数共计2681名,年龄43～81岁.结果 (1)颈动脉内中膜36点厚度平均值为0.68 mm,最大值为1.07 mm.(2)颈动脉斑块检出率为60.3%.男女两性颈动脉膨大部斑块检出率分别为61.2%和51.6%(x~2=23.44,P<0.01).颈内动脉斑块检出率分别为24.7%和12.2%(x~2=69.57,P<0.01).颈总动脉斑块检出率分别为20.9%和13.8%(x~2=23.18,P<0.01).(3)多因素分析:男女两性颈动脉内中膜厚度平均值和最大值随着收缩压、血糖及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的增加而增加.与无危险因素者比较,高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症者颈动脉斑块检出率较高(P<0.05).结论 我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化普遍存在,且与多个心血管病危险因素有关联.     

中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化分布特点及影响因素分析

目的 探讨我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化性病变的分布特点以及与心血管病危险因素的关系.方法 对中美协作研究队列中的石景山人群和多省市队列中的北京大学社区人群2007年9至10月期间的心血管病危险因素以及颈动脉超声的横断面复查结果进行分析.参加调查人数共计2681名,年龄43～81岁.结果 (1)颈动脉内中膜36点厚度平均值为0.68 mm,最大值为1.07 mm.(2)颈动脉斑块检出率为60.3%.男女两性颈动脉膨大部斑块检出率分别为61.2%和51.6%(x~2=23.44,P<0.01).颈内动脉斑块检出率分别为24.7%和12.2%(x~2=69.57,P<0.01).颈总动脉斑块检出率分别为20.9%和13.8%(x~2=23.18,P<0.01).(3)多因素分析:男女两性颈动脉内中膜厚度平均值和最大值随着收缩压、血糖及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的增加而增加.与无危险因素者比较,高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症者颈动脉斑块检出率较高(P<0.05).结论 我国中老年人群颈动脉粥样硬化普遍存在,且与多个心血管病危险因素有关联.     

老年高血压患者颈动脉斑块检出率与缺血性脑卒中的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者颈动脉斑块检出率,评价颈动脉斑块与缺血性脑卒中患病率的相关性。方法收集2016年6月～2017年6月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科门诊就诊的老年高血压患者1690例,根据颈动脉超声结果分为颈动脉斑块组1143例,无颈动脉斑块组547例。收集研究对象性别、年龄、高血压病程、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏休闲活动等基本信息,测量血压和腰围,检测TC、LDL-C和空腹血糖,进行颈动脉超声检查。结果老年高血压患者颈动脉斑块检出率为67.6%。男性检出率明显高于女性(77.2%vs 62.7%,P0.01);60～64岁、65～69岁以及≥70岁患者颈动脉斑块检出率分别为61.9%、71.3%和73.4%,随着年龄增长颈动脉斑块检出率增加(χ~2=18.455,P_(趋势)0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,除性别和年龄外,高血压病程[OR=1.19,95%CI:1.05～1.35,P=0.006]、高TC血症(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.14～1.79,P=0.002)和饮酒(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.17～2.23,P=0.003)与颈动脉斑块发生显著相关。颈动脉斑块组与无颈动脉斑块组缺血性脑卒中患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(14.3%vs 12.2%,P=0.240)。调整相关因素的影响后,logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉斑块与高血压患者缺血性脑卒中无显著相关性(OR=1.09,95%CI:0.80～1.50,P=0.587)。结论老年高血压患者颈动脉斑块检出率高;颈动脉斑块检出率与老年高血压患者缺血性脑卒中患病率无明显相关性。     

青少年空腹血糖受损相关危险因素分析

目的探讨青少年空腹血糖受损（IFG）的相关危险因素。方法秦皇岛地区一项3937名13-18岁青少年的横断面调查。根据空腹血糖分为空腹血糖正常组和空腹血糖受损组（IFG组）。测量身高、体重、腰围、血压、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平。结果共检出IFG136例（3.5%）,男女IFG检出率分别为3.9%和3.1%,两性间比较无统计学差异（P=0.177）。IFG组具有2项以上心血管危险因素的危险性是空腹血糖正常组青少年的1.889倍（95%CI1.125-3.171）。IFG组45.6%存在糖尿病家族史。多元逐步回归显示年龄、腰围、胆固醇均为独立影响因素。结论青少年群体中IFG相当多见,并已开始导致心血管危险因素聚集。遗传因素、腹型肥胖及脂代谢异常是IFG的危险因素。     

空腹血糖与踝臂指数的相关性

目的探讨不同空腹血糖水平与踝臂指数的相关性。方法在开滦集团年度健康体检的职工中按性别、年龄分层随机抽取5852例作为观察人群。收集空腹血糖、踝臂指数等健康状况及生活方式等相关资料。采用Logistic回归分析不同空腹血糖水平对踝臂指数异常的影响。结果最终对5184例进行统计分析,其中空腹血糖正常3446(66.47%)例,空腹血糖受损1109(21.39%)例,糖尿病629(12.13%)例,其踝臂指数异常患病率分别为2.50%、4.15%、7.95%,差异有统计学意义。校正年龄、性别、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、C反应蛋白、体质指数、吸烟、饮酒、高血压病史及高脂血症病史后,空腹血糖受损组、糖尿病组踝臂指数异常的风险分别是理想血糖组的2.05倍(95%CI 1.37³.06)和2.92倍(95%CI 1.943.06)和2.92倍(95%CI 1.94⁴.40)。结论糖耐量异常、糖尿病都是ABI的独立危险因素,有必要早期检测空腹血糖,从而能够早期发现外周血管病,及早进行干预,降低动脉粥样硬化性疾病的风险。     

心率血压乘积对右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率的影响

目的探讨心率血压乘积(RPP)对右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率的影响。方法采用横断面研究设计,在2006年至2007年参加健康体检的101510例开滦集团职工中随机分层抽取5852例作为研究对象,进行统一问卷调查、血液生化及颈动脉彩超检查,符合入选标准的(年龄≥40岁、既往无脑卒中及短暂性脑缺血发作、心肌梗死者)为5440例,资料完整的5154例纳入统计分析。依据2010~2011年度体检时RPP四分位数将研究对象分为RPP7707、7707≤RPP8970、8970≤RPP10401、RPP≥10401四组,用多因素Logistic回归分析RPP对右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率的影响。结果 (1)5154例研究对象(男性3100例,女性2054例)的平均年龄为54.83岁;(2)右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率为33.1%,四组右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率分别为27.1%、30.4%、35.1%和39.8%;(3)影响右锁骨下动脉斑块检出率的多因素Logistic回归分析显示:校正了年龄、性别等因素后,与RPP第一分位组比较,第三及第四分位组检出斑块的风险仍增加,其0R值分别为1.22(95%CI 1.01~1.47)和1.28(95%CI 1.05~1.55)。结论 RPP增高增加右锁骨下动脉斑块的检出风险。     

老年脑梗死患者血清血管生成素样蛋白8水平与颈动脉不稳定斑块的相关性研究

目的探讨老年脑梗死患者血清血管生成素样蛋白8((ANGPTL8))水平与颈动脉不稳定斑块的相关性。方法横断面连续纳入承德医学院附属医院神经内科发病72 h且接受颈部血管超声检查的老年脑梗死患者223例,依据颈部血管超声检查结果将受试者分为内膜增厚组73例、稳定斑块组55例、不稳定斑块组95例,另选取同期健康体检者70例为对照组。检测各组血清ANGPTL8水平,采用ROC曲线分析ANGPTL8对颈动脉不稳定斑块的预测价值。结果对照组、内膜增厚组、稳定斑块组、不稳定斑块组血清ANGPTL8分别为663.3(529.7,791.9)ng/L、1099.8(847.5,1337.3)ng/L、1925.6(1613.3,2300.6)ng/L、2901.5(2662.8,3125.9)ng/L,呈明显升高趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。血清ANGPTL8与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关(r=0.902,P=0.001)。血清ANGPTL8为颈动脉不稳定斑块的独立危险因素(P=0.002)。血清ANGPTL8预测颈动脉不稳定斑块发生的最佳切点为2166.79 ng/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.97(95%CI:0.970~0.980,P=0.001)。结论血清ANGPTL8水平是老年脑梗死患者颈动脉不稳定斑块发生的独立危险因素,并且有一定的预测价值。     

Cross-sectionally assessed carotid intima-media thickness relates to long-term risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and death as estimated by available risk functions

OBJECTIVE: To relate cross-sectionally assessed indicators of carotid atherosclerosis measured in participants of the Rotterdam Study to absolute 10-12 year risks of stroke, coronary heart disease and death estimated by risk functions available from other studies. SETTING: General population living in the suburb of Ommoord in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: A sample of men and women (n = 1683), aged 55 years or over, drawn from participants from the Rotterdam Study (n = 7983). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Three risk scores were used to estimate for each individual the absolute risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and death within 10-12 years as a function of their cardiovascular risk factor profile. Cross-sectionally measured indicators of carotid atherosclerosis (presence of atherosclerotic lesions and common carotid intima-media thickness) were subsequently related to these risk scores. RESULTS: The 10-year absolute risk of stroke increased linearly from 4.8% (95% CI = 3.8, 5.8) for subjects in the lowest quintile to 16.1% (12.3, 21.9) for subjects in the highest quintile of common carotid intima-media thickness distribution. Similarly, the 10-year absolute risk for coronary heart disease rose from 13.1% (95% CI = 12.0, 14.2) to 23.4% (95% CI = 21.4, 25.4), whereas the risk of death within 11.5 years rose from 15.0% (95% CI = 12.8, 17.4) in the lowest quintile to 46.0% (42.8, 49.3) in the upper quintile. The absolute risks of stroke, coronary heart disease or death rose from 8.8, 15.8 and 26.9% to 14.3, 19.8 and 40.9%, respectively, when plaques in the common carotid artery were present. Similar findings were observed for plaques in the carotid bifurcation. CONCLUSION: Common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques are markers for increased risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and death within 10-12 years.     

Association of impaired glucose homeostasis with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in women: Impact of the new American Diabetes Association criteria.

The aim of this study was to determine whether impaired glucose regulation, defined according to the new American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, is associated with early signs of carotid atherosclerosis. We examined 310 clinically healthy women from southern Italy, aged 30 to 69 years, recruited for a prospective study, currently ongoing, on the etiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer in the female population (Progetto Atena). All subjects underwent cardiovascular risk factor assessment and high resolution B-mode ultrasound to measure intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries and carotid bifurcations. At the time of our survey, fasting glucose levels > or = 7.0 mmol/L had already been found in 7 women, 17 participants were diagnosed on that occasion as having new diabetes, 38 had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and the remaining 248 presented normal fasting glucose values (NFG). Diabetic women showed a worse cardiovascular risk profile, with higher values of triglycerides, body mass index, and diastolic blood pressure than either normoglycemic or IFG subjects. The frequency of atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1.2 mm) increased as glucose homeostasis worsened. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, only diabetes mellitus was associated with a significantly increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR], 11.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 92.7). Our findings suggest a definite association between diabetes mellitus, as defined by the new ADA diagnostic criteria and early carotid structural changes. Furthermore, the condition of IFG does not seem to identify subjects at significantly increased atherosclerotic risk.     

Influence of impaired fasting glucose on the incidence and prognosis of atherosclerosis in various vascular regions

Patients with cardiovascular disease have a poorer diagnosis if they are diabetic. The risk for cardiovascular events is already increased in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and IFG on the incidence of atherosclerotic manifestations and on the long-term prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis in various vascular regions. METHODS: In a prospective study we included 906 patients (72.5% men, mean age 62 +/- 9 years) preceding heart catheterization. All patients were evaluated for the presence of peripheral stenosis by carotid duplex sonography (pathologic: stenosis >50%) and evaluation of the ankle-brachial index (pathologic <0.9). Blood samples were drawn from each subject after an overnight fasting period and serum glucose was evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were compared with regard to the presence of DM (known DMor fasting glucose > or =126 mg/dL, N = 283, 31.2%) or IFG (fasting glucose >110 and <126 mg/dL, N = 89, 9.8%). Patients with IFG and DM had a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic manifestations in the coronary, carotid and peripheral vessels. Diabetics had the highest prevalence of atherosclerotic manifestations in multiple vascular regions (=advanced atherosclerosis). Cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction and stroke) after a median follow-up of 4.1 years were evaluated in 901 patients (99.4%). Presence of IFG and DM significantly increased the incidence of cardiovascular events (event rate: no DM 10.9%, IFG 13.6%, DM 23.4%, P < 0.0001). Moreover, patients with advanced atherosclerosis suffered significantly more often from cardiovascular events (event rate: no stenosis 4.1%, coronary artery disease without peripheral stenosis 9.7%, advanced atherosclerosis 23.9%). Prognosis was worst in patients with DM and advanced atherosclerosis with an event rate of 35%.Patients with cardiovascular disease have a poorer prognosis if they are diabetic. The risk for cardiovascular events is already increased in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and IFG on the incidence of atherosclerotic manifestations and on the long-term prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis in various vascular regions.     

2型糖尿病患者合并手部病变的相关因素分析

目的探讨T2DM患者合并手部病变(简称糖尿病手)的相关因素,为降低糖尿病手的风险提供理论依据。方法选取2019年2月至2020年2月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院内分泌内科住院部收治的530例T2DM患者,按是否有手部病变分为手部病变组(DH,n=136)和单纯T2DM组(T2DM,n=394),比较两组一般资料及生化指标,多因素Logistic回归分析手部病变的影响因素。结果 DH组年龄、DM病程、DR、糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)、DKD、颈动脉斑块及下肢动脉斑块阳性率、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率(NLR)、血清尿素、UAlb水平均高于T2DM组(P<0.05),红细胞计数、血红蛋白、TG、eGFR低于T2DM组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,DM病程(OR 1.041,95%CI 1.004,1.066)、DPN(OR 1.899,95%CI 1.007,3.580)和NLR(OR 1.035,95%CI 1.008,1.063)是糖尿病手的独立危险因素。结论 T2DM患者DM病程越长,合并DPN及NLR越高,出现糖尿病手的风险越高。     

Intermediate postchallenge hyperglycemia in overweight and obese subjects: a new marker of impaired glucose regulation?

The objective of this study was to compare subjects with intermediate postchallenge hyperglycemia (INPH) to those with normal glycemic status, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the impact of INPH on target organ damage. In total, 487 overweight and obese adults (BMI > or =27 kg/m(2)), 252 men and 235 women, mean age 52.9 +/-10.2 years, were studied. All participants underwent a clinical and laboratory evaluation, as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). They were also investigated by echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography, and pulse wave analysis. Overall, 302 (62%) subjects had normal glycemic status, 64 (13.1%) had IFG and/or IGT, 95 (19.5%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 26 (5.4%) had INPH. Individuals with INPH had an increased index of insulin resistance (higher homeostasis model assessment-insulinogenic index [HOMA-IR], p<0.0001), impaired insulin secretion (lower insulinogenic index, p<0.0001), and higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels (p<0.0001) in comparison with the normoglycemic subjects, but not to those with IFG and/or IGT or diabetes (p = 0.6). No difference was observed concerning the risk factors studied, left ventricular mass and vascular remodeling, among subjects with INPH, IFG and/or IGT, and diabetes. However, individuals with INPH had a higher proportion of echolucent carotid artery plaques in comparison with the normoglycemic subjects (p = 0.04) and those with IFG and/or IGT (p = 0.01). Intermediate postchallenge hyperglycemia seems to represent a new category of glucose metabolism disturbances with increased atherogenic impact. Therefore, evaluating intermediate glucose levels in an OGTT could contribute to better identify overweight individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events.     

应用超声检测糖尿病合并高血压患者大血管病变的特征

目的探讨糖尿病合并高血压患者大血管病变的特征。方法采用经颅多普勒超声（transcranial Doppler,TCD）及彩色多普勒超声显像（color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI）分别评估糖尿病合并高血压患者和单纯2型糖尿病患者颅内动脉、颈动脉、下肢动脉粥样硬化病变的检出率;观察两组患者动脉粥样硬化性病变的差异性。纳入2009年9月-2010年8月在首都医科大学宣武医院内分泌科住院的血脂正常,无吸烟等危险因素的191例2型糖尿病患者,分为单纯糖尿病组（A组）100例,糖尿病合并高血压组（B组）91例。比较两组患者颈总动脉和股动脉内一中膜厚度（IMT）;颅内动脉各支动脉、颈动脉及下肢动脉狭窄总检出率、〉50％狭窄检出率的差异;分析两组患者的病程、收缩与舒张压等因素对糖尿病性血管狭窄病变的影响。结果①B组患者颈总动脉和股动脉的IMT明显高于A组,分别为（0．98±0．14）、（0．86±0．17）mm和（1．03±0．16）、（0．90±0．16）mm（均P〈0．01）。②B组患者颈动脉、下肢动脉的斑块检出率均明显高于A组（P〈0．01）;强回声、不均回声的钙化斑块检出率亦高于A组（P〈0．01）。③颅内动脉、颈动脉及下肢动脉狭窄的总检出率,B组患者高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;在对狭窄率〉50％检出率的比较中,B组颅内动脉狭窄检出率高于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而颈动脉、下肢动脉狭窄检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。④B组患者高血压的病程、收缩压、舒张压与颈总动脉IMT呈线性相关（R=0．417、0．351、0．283,P〈0．05）,收缩压水平与颅内动脉、下肢动脉狭窄检出率均呈正相关（R=0．912、0．795,P=0．000）。结论糖尿病合并高血压,增加了动脉粥样硬化病变的发生率和颈动脉、颅内动脉、下肢动脉狭窄的发生率;CDFI与TCD联合检查,对预测糖尿病患者颅内、外动脉,下肢动脉血管并发症的发生及临床综合评估具有重要价值。     

Renal dysfunction predicts attenuation of ischemic heart disease mortality risk from elevated glucose among treated hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and renal dysfunction are recognized as independent risk factors for adverse heart outcomes. This study examines the interaction of renal dysfunction and IFG (>or=110 mg/dL) upon the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among treated hypertensive subjects. METHODS: Subjects were 9918 participants in a worksite-based antihypertensive treatment program in New York City (1981 to 1999) with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (estimated by Cockcroft and Gault formula) observed for a mean follow-up of 9.6 +/- 5.0 years (range 0.5-20.0 years). Outcome events were IHD deaths (n = 337) ascertained from the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed for the entire cohort to assess the interaction and then stratified by moderate renal dysfunction (MRD; GFR 60-30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Age and sex adjusted rates were calculated within MRD and NKF-defined categories. Hazard ratios for IFG were calculated within MRD strata. RESULTS: The interaction product term of MRD and IFG significantly improved (P = .001) a Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Among participants with GFR >or=60 mL/min/1.73 m2 the IHD mortality hazard ratio for IFG was 1.47 (95% CI = 1.09-1.99; P = .012). Conversely, among participants with MRD, the IHD mortality hazard ratio for IFG was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.21-0.94; P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an attenuating effect modification of GFR on IHD mortality risk associated with IFG among treated hypertensive subjects. Whether the observed qualitative interaction is simply statistical or reflects a biological counter-regulatory mechanism requires additional study.     

有症状颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉斑块的稳定性:高分辨率磁共振成像研究

目的 探讨高分辨率磁共振成像(high-resolution magnetic resonance inaging,HR-MRI)评价有症状颈动脉狭窄患者斑块稳定性的价值以及不稳定斑块和血管重度狭窄的危险因素.方法 纳入有症状颈动脉狭窄患者,通过HR-MRI评价有症状颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉斑块成分判断斑块的稳定性.收集行颈动脉内膜切除术患者的颈动脉斑块进行病理学检查,比较术前HR-MRI与术后病 理学检查结果的一致性.收集所有患者的临床资料,分析颈动脉斑块稳定性和血管狭窄程度的危险因素.结果 共219例狭窄程度＞50％的有症状颈动脉狭窄患者接受HR-MRI检查.其中102例(46.6％)存在稳定斑块,117例(53.4％)患者存在不稳定斑块;118例(53.9％)中度狭窄,101例(46.1％)重度狭窄.35例患者接受颈动脉内膜切除术,其中19例(54.3％) HR-MRI显示斑块不稳定,20例(57.1％)病理学检查显示斑块不稳定,二者高度一致(κ =0.942,P＜0.001).不稳定斑块组男性(P=0.007)、高脂血症(P=0.013)、吸烟(P＜0.001)的患者构成比以及总胆固醇(P=0.001)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P＜0.001)和空腹血糖(P=0.001)水平显著高于稳定斑块组.多变量logistw 回归分析显示,男性[优势比(odds ratio,OR)2.33,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI) 1.08 ～ 5.04;P=0.032]、吸烟(OR 3.45,95％ CI 1.67～7.14;P=0.001)和空腹血糖水平较高(OR 1.26,95％ CI 1.07～1.48;P =0.006)是斑块不稳定的独立危险因素.中度狭窄组与重度狭窄组患者的所有资料均未显示出显著性差异.结论 HR-MRI能准确评估有症状颈动脉狭窄患者的斑块稳定性.性别、吸烟和空腹血糖增高是颈动脉不稳定斑块的独立危险因素.     

急性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松与颈内动脉狭窄及溃疡性斑块的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者脑白质疏松（LA）与颈内动脉狭窄和溃疡斑块的关系。方法连续纳入首次发病的急性脑梗死患者102例。均行头部MRI及颈部血管DSA检查,确定颈内动脉病变情况。根据MRI将患者分为LA（70例）组和无LA组（32例）,再根据LA的部位将其分为皮质下LA组（46例）和脑室周围LA组（53例）。分析LA的部位、病变的程度与颈内动脉狭窄及溃疡斑块的关系,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响不同部位LA的相关因素。结果①LA组与无LA组颈内动脉狭窄及溃疡斑块的发生率（44.3%比56.3%,21.4%比9.4%）差异均无统计学意义,P〉0.05。②皮质下LA组中,26.1%（12/46）的患者有颈内动脉溃疡斑块,高于皮质下无LA组的10.7%（6/56）,P〈0.05;皮质下LA与颈内动脉溃疡斑块呈低度正相关,r=0.201,P〈0.05。两组颈内动脉狭窄的发生率分别为56.5%和48.2%,差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05。③脑室周围LA组与脑室周围无LA组比较,颈内动脉狭窄及溃疡斑块的发生率差异均无统计学意义,P〉0.05。④多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=1.071,95%CI：1.014～1.131）、高血压（OR=2.953,95%CI：1.006～8.671）、颈内动脉溃疡斑块（OR=1.949,95%CI：1.286～3.142）是皮质下LA的独立预测因素;年龄（OR=1.069,95%CI：1.010～1.131）和高血压（OR=3.293,95%CI：1.984～11.020）是脑室周围LA的独立相关因素。结论急性脑梗死患者中,颈内动脉溃疡斑块的发生可能与皮质下LA相关,与脑室周围LA无明显关系。