间接荧光抗体试验用于基本消灭丝虫病地区人群抗体水平的监测

本文报告了用马来丝虫成虫冰冻切片抗原作 IFAT 检测班氏丝虫微丝蚴血症者抗体阳性率为88.89％;非流行区健康居民抗体阳性率为3.92％。基本消灭丝虫病后8年的地区原微丝蚴血症者和阴性居民抗体阳性率分别为13.54％和10.84％;基本消灭后15年原微丝蚴血症者和阴性居民抗体阳性率分别为6.45％和5.16％;基本消灭后24年原微丝蚴血症者和阴性居民抗体阳性率分别为3.67％和3.96％。基本消灭丝虫病后15年的地区人群抗体阳性率已降到非流行区健康人群水平(X~2=0.48 P>0.05)。因此认为 IFAT 可作为我省丝虫病防治后期和基本消灭丝虫病后流行病学监测的主要方法之一。此外,观察到微丝蚴血症者血清抗体阳性率和阳性 GMRT 与微丝蚴密度无相关性。     

基本消灭班氏丝虫病后的远期监测

本文报道采用海群生对象治疗加流行村全民服药和对象治疗加食用海群生药盐基本消灭班氏丝虫病后的纵向和横向监测结果。两种不同措施基本消灭丝虫病后已监测9－11年，人群微丝蚴率均在逐年下降，前6年仍可检出残存微丝蚴血症者，以后连续5年未再发现微丝蚴阳性，蚊媒调查亦未发现幼丝虫自然感染，IFAT检测人群丝虫抗体阳性率为1．4－5．5％，降至非丝虫病流行区抗体水平，证明丝虫病的传播已被阻断。认为基本消灭班氏丝虫病后监测年限以10年左右为宜，并需连续3年以上未检出微丝蚴血症者和感染蚊，人群丝虫抗体阳性率降至当地非流行区水平，可以确认丝虫病已达到消除。     

丝虫特异IgG4试剂盒在消除丝虫病地区应用价值的探讨

目的 探讨丝虫特异IgG4检测试剂盒在消除丝虫病地区监测中的应用价值。方法 应用山东省寄生虫病防治研究所和深圳市绿瀚生物技术有限公司联合研制的丝虫特异IgG4检测试剂盒，检测原微丝蚴血症者和12岁以下儿童及消除丝虫病地区居民特异IgG4，并与病原学方法进行对照。结果 检测原微丝蚴血症343例，特异IgG4阳性6例，阳性率1．75％；检测基本消除丝虫病后出生的儿童542人，未检出抗体阳性者；检测消除丝虫病地区居民77人，特异IgG4阳性7例，阳性率9．09％。病原学检查消除丝虫病地区居民77人，检出微丝蚴血症2例，阳性率2．59％；其余人群均未发现微丝蚴血症。结论 丝虫特异IgG特异检测试剂盒具有较高的灵敏度和特异度，适合于消除丝虫病地区流行病学监测和防治效果考核。     

丝虫特异IgG4试剂盒在消除丝虫病地区应用价值的探讨

目的　探讨丝虫特异IgG4检测试剂盒在消除丝虫病地区监测中的应用价值。　方法　应用山东省寄生虫病防治研究所和深圳市绿瀚生物技术有限公司联合研制的丝虫特异IgG4检测试剂盒 ,检测原微丝蚴血症者和 12岁以下儿童及消除丝虫病地区居民特异IgG4,并与病原学方法进行对照。　 结果　检测原微丝蚴血症 3 43例 ,特异IgG4阳性6例 ,阳性率 1.75 % ;检测基本消除丝虫病后出生的儿童 5 42人 ,未检出抗体阳性者 ;检测消除丝虫病地区居民 77人 ,特异IgG4阳性 7例 ,阳性率 9.0 9%。病原学检查消除丝虫病地区居民 77人 ,检出微丝蚴血症 2例 ,阳性率 2 .5 9% ;其余人群均未发现微丝蚴血症。　结论　丝虫特异IgG特异检测试剂盒具有较高的灵敏度和特异度 ,适合于消除丝虫病地区流行病学监测和防治效果考核。     

晚期丝虫病患者血清特异性抗体及抗体亚型的分析

目的 评价晚期丝虫病患者血清抗丝虫抗体及抗体亚型的免疫学特性。方法 用马来丝虫成虫和微丝蚴抗原,以ELISA法检测120份血清标本抗 丝虫特异性抗体和抗体亚型,FPT方法进行丝虫皮内试验。结果 病原学检查120份受试者均为非微丝蚴血症。80例晚期丝虫病患者FPT试验阳性率为95％（76／80）,晚期丝虫病患者血清抗微丝蚴和成虫特异性抗体阳性率分别为82．5％（66／80）和80％（64／80）。流行区对照抗体阳性率为10％（2／20）、非流行区正常人则均为阴性。晚期丝虫病患者血清抗体亚型以IgG2为主,阳性率92．5％,其它亚型分别为IgG1 1.25%,IgG322.5%,IgG46.25%。结论 晚期丝虫病患者血清中存在抗丝虫特异性抗体,抗体亚型主要是IgG2,它也可能是晚期丝虫病患者特异的抗体亚型。     

班氏丝虫在体内和体外释放抗原的检测及其在诊断上的价值

最近不少学者的研究证实,班氏丝虫微丝蚴在无血清的199培养液(加有机酸和糖类)中释放的代谢(ES)抗原,用于检测丝虫抗体,具有高度的敏感性和特异性。抗体类型分析,微丝蚴血症者均存在IgM抗体,晚期丝虫病人存在IgG抗体,某些人同时存在IgM和IgG抗体。丝虫病血清抗体滴度为     

河南省基本消除丝虫病后残存微丝蚴血症者传播作用的研究

目的探讨基本消除丝虫病后残存微丝蚴血症者在不采取任何病原防治措施下的传播作用. 方法选择柘城县张庄村为观察点,病原学监测和蚊媒监测采取常规方法,血清学检测采用IFAT、ELISA、Dot-ELISA（查抗体）和ICT（查循环抗原）方法,同时进行居民防蚊情况调查. 结果 1990年残存微丝蚴血症者39人,人群微丝蚴率2.01%（39/2040）,2000年微丝蚴血症者全部转阴,人群微丝蚴率降为0;1990、1991和1994年检测人群丝虫抗体阳性率和抗体阳性者的几何平均滴度均逐渐下降,1998年检测92名12岁以下儿童血中丝虫循环抗原均为阴性;淡色库蚊幼丝虫自然感染率逐年下降,自1997年未再发现感染蚊;1990～2002年当地居民经济收人逐渐增加,普遍采取防蚊措施. 结论基本消除丝虫病后,随居民经济和文化水平的逐渐提高,防病意识的不断增强以及防蚊措施的加强,即使未采取任何干预措施,残存微丝蚴血症者也不能引发丝虫病流行,丝虫病传播已经被阻断.     

Dot—ELISA检测抗丝虫抗体的初步实验研究

本文报告以马来丝虫成虫可溶性抗原作Dot-ELISA检测丝虫病人抗丝虫抗体的初步结果。62例马来丝虫微丝蚴血症者的阳性符合率为96.8％,49例班氏丝虫微丝蚴血症者的阳性符合率为85.7％,50例和39例非流行区正常人的假阳性率分别为4.0％和5.1％,与钩虫和蛔虫混合感染者的血清有一定的交叉反应。实验结果显示,Dot—ELISA检测微丝蚴血症者抗丝虫抗体具有敏感性高,且方法简便,可望用于丝虫病监测。     

应用单克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体法检测人体丝虫病循环抗原

应用兔抗微丝蚴抗体及抗班氏丝虫微丝蚴代谢抗原(ES34株)或抗马来丝虫3期幼虫抗原(HC11株)单克隆抗体(McAb)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)双抗体法检测人体丝虫病循环抗原时,微丝蚴血症者阳性率分别为94.5％(103/109)及89.0％(97/109),且ES34株单克隆抗体ELISA检测结果显示微丝蚴密度与抗原滴度呈正相关;部分微丝蚴血症者尿液中亦可测得丝虫抗原;晚期丝虫病人阳性率分别为57.4％(31/54)及61.1％(33/54);获自美国及中国贵阳非丝虫病流行区正常人血清阳性率分别为0～4.1％及2.8～4.1％;30份肠道蠕虫感染者血清全部为阴性。血清中丝虫循环抗原的存在似与活动性感染有关。     

河南省基本消除丝虫病后残存微丝蚴血症者传播作用的研究

目的探讨基本消除丝虫病后残存微丝蚴血症者在不采取任何病原防治措施下的传播作用。方法选择柘城县张庄村为观察点,病原学监测和蚊媒监测采取常规方法,血清学检测采用IFAT、ELISA、Dot-ELISA(查抗体)和ICT(查循环抗原)方法,同时进行居民防蚊情况调查。结果1990年残存微丝蚴血症者39人,人群微丝蚴率2.01%(39/2040),2000年微丝蚴血症者全部转阴,人群微丝蚴率降为0;1990、1991和1994年检测人群丝虫抗体阳性率和抗体阳性者的几何平均滴度均逐渐下降,1998年检测92名12岁以下儿童血中丝虫循环抗原均为阴性;淡色库蚊幼丝虫自然感染率逐年下降,自1997年未再发现感染蚊;1990~2002年当地居民经济收人逐渐增加,普遍采取防蚊措施。结论基本消除丝虫病后,随居民经济和文化水平的逐渐提高,防病意识的不断增强以及防蚊措施的加强,即使未采取任何干预措施,残存微丝蚴血症者也不能引发丝虫病流行,丝虫病传播已经被阻断。     

Antibodies to microfilarial sheath in bancroftian filariasis--prevalence and characterization

Antibodies directed towards the sheaths of microfilariae have been implicated in the elimination of circulating microfilariae, both in experimental and human filariasis. In the present study antisheath antibodies have been detected in human sera by indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) using fixed Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae as antigen. One hundred and eighteen sera collected from an area endemic for Bancroftian filariasis were tested. While 80% of sera from microfilariae carriers had no demonstrable antisheath antibodies, more than 80% of amicrofilaraemic samples (chronic filariasis cases and endemic normals) had antisheath antibodies. The antibody activity was found in IgG, IgM and also IgE isotypes. IgG subclass typing with monospecific antisera revealed significantly higher antisheath activity in IgG2 in comparison with other IgG subclasses. The determinants on sheathed microfilariae reacting with antisheath antibodies were found to be thermostable (100 degrees C for 30 minutes), resistant to protease treatment and significantly sensitive to sodium periodate treatment, indicating the possible role of carbohydrate moieties in eliciting protective antisheath antibodies in Bancroftian filariasis.     

SARS-CoV抗体实验诊断的特异性研究

为探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)病毒(SARS-CoV)抗体在SARS病原学诊断中的特异性，应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了80例非SARS患者SARS-CoV抗体的阳性率。结果在23例健康人中，SARS-CoV-IgG抗体的阳性率为8．7％(2／23)，20例肿瘤患者中，阳性率为20％(4／20)；18例自身免疫性疾病患者中，SARS-CoV-IgM抗体和SARS-CoV-IgG抗体阳性率分别为11．1％(2／18)和22．2％(4／18)；19例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者中，SARS-CoV-IgM抗体和SARS-CoV-IgG抗体阳性率分别为21．1％(4／19)和47．4％(9／19)，SARS-CoV-IgG抗体和SARS-CoV-IgM抗体同时阳性率为15．8％(3／19)。证实SARS-CoV-IgM抗体诊断SARS的特异性为92，5％；SARS-CoV-IgG抗体诊断SARS的特异性为76．25％；两种抗体同时阳性诊断SARS的特异性为96．25％。经RT-PCR证实上述抗体单项阳性均为假阳性。认为两种抗体同时测定可提高诊断的特异性，出现假阳性的原因可能与包被的抗原中存在细胞膜、胞浆、核和抗细胞核成分的自身抗体有关。     

ELISA检测妇科肿瘤患者伴发弓形虫感染的调查

[目的 ]了解妇科宫颈癌患者伴发弓形虫感染的情况。[方法 ]采用 EL ISA法检测弓形虫 Ig G、Ig M抗体和循环抗原。 [结果 ]宫颈癌、妇科良性肿瘤、其它疾患妇女 3组人群的弓形虫感染率分别为 :44 .0 % (2 2 / 5 0 )、2 5 .4% (15 / 5 9)和 2 0 .3% (2 8/ 138)。 3组人群 Ig G阳性率分别为 2 0 .0 0 %、11.86 %和 10 .87% ,Ig M阳性率分别为2 0 .0 0 %、13.5 6 %和 8.70 % ,循环抗原阳性率分别为 14.0 0 %、5 .0 9%和 1.45 %。 [结论 ]宫颈癌患者弓形虫感染率明显高于其它两组人群 ,以循环抗原和 Ig M阳性尤为明显     

晚期丝虫病患者血清特异性抗体及抗体亚型的分析

目的评价晚期丝虫病患者血清抗丝虫抗体及抗体亚型的免疫学特性.方法用马来丝虫成虫和微丝蚴抗原,以ELISA法检测120份血清标本抗丝虫特异性抗体和抗体亚型,FPT方法进行丝虫皮内试验.结果病原学检查120份受试者均为非微丝蚴血症.80例晚期丝虫病患者FPT试验阳性率为95%(76/80),晚期丝虫病患者血清抗微丝蚴和成虫特异性抗体阳性率分别为82.5%(66/80)和80%(64/80).流行区对照抗体阳性率为10%(2/20),非流行区正常人则均为阴性.晚期丝虫病患者血清抗体亚型以IgG2为主,阳性率92.5%,其它亚型分别为IgG11.25%、IgG322.5%、IgG46.25%.结论晚期丝虫病患者血清中存在抗丝虫特异性抗体,抗体亚型主要是IgG2,它也可能是晚期丝虫病患者特异的抗体亚型.     

Studies of anti-cytomegalovirus IgG antibody positive rate and cytomegalovirus mononucleosis in adults

We analyzed anti-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG and IgM antibody (EIA) and anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG and IgM antibody (FA) in adults during 1994-1999. We examined these IgM sero-positive patient's medical records, and diagnosed CMV mononucleosis and EBV mononucleosis. Anti-CMV antibody positive rates decreased from 87.6% in 1994 to 77.8% in 1999. Especially in twenties, anti-CMV antibody positive rates decreased from 65.2% in 1994 to 53.3% in 1999. On the other hand, anti-EBV VCA antibody positive rates were not changed (91-94%). Number of cases of CMV mononucleosis increased from 2 cases in 1994 to 16 cases in 1999, but EBV mononucleosis was not changed. These results suggested that increasing cases of CMV mononucleosis was influenced by decreasing anti-CMV antibody positive rate.     

Antibody response to a filarial antigen fraction in individuals exposed to Wuchereria bancrofti infection in India

An antigen fraction (DssdI) was isolated from the aqueous-insoluble components of adult Setaria digitata. Rabbit antiserum to DssdI labeled the sheaths of Wuchereria and Setaria microfilariae suggesting DssdI to be surface associated. Antibody responses to DssdI were determined in Wuchereria bancrofti exposed individuals. IgM titre was highest in endemic normals (EN; asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic) followed by chronic filarial patients (CP) and asymptomatic microfilaraemics (AS). IgG titer was high in both chronic filariasis and endemic normals. The microfilaraemic group had the lowest titer. The seropositivity rate in AS was 28% for IgG and 10% for IgM, in CP 100% for IgG and 33% for IgM, and in EN 86% for both antibodies. An age-dependency of IgM but not of IgG antibodies was observed in endemic normals, with IgM prevalence reaching a plateau by 12 years of age. The subclass composition of the antibody response to DssdI appeared to be primarily IgG3 in endemic normals, IgG1 in chronic filariasis and IgG4 in asymptomatic microfilaraemics. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) treatment led to a significant increase in IgG and IgM levels in microfilaraemic individuals. Of interest, the expression of IgG subclasses altered. There was an increased IgG3 and IgG1 response associated with a reciprocal decrease in IgG4 following DEC therapy.     

云南西部边境地区健康人群登革热血清学调查

目的了解云南西部边境地区健康人群登革热抗体水平状况,为制定有效登革热防治对策提供依据。方法在具有登革热本地感染病例的不同地区采集健康人群血清,并采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验分别检测登革病毒IgG和IgM抗体。结果采集的740份中国籍血清标本登革病毒IgG和IgM抗体阳性率分别为10.9%（81/740）和5.7%（42/740）,两种抗体同为阳性的阳性率为0.81%（6/740）;缅甸籍学生这两种登革抗体阳性率分别为12.5%（13/104）和2.9%（3/104）。登革IgG/IgM抗体阳性率在不同年龄组、性别、民族、不同国籍学生中的分布无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;务农人群IgG抗体阳性率高于非农人群（P〈0.05）;盈江县IgG抗体阳性率较高。结论云南省边境地区人群广泛存在登革病毒的既往和新近隐性感染,建议加强对边境口岸和边境地区的登革热疫情监测,开展登革热防治知识的宣传和提高当地医疗机构的诊疗水平。     

检测特异IgG4用于丝虫病监测的研究

应用细胞融合技术建立抗人ＩｇＧ４ＭｃＡｂ杂交瘤细胞，生产ＭｃＡｂ。以此为探针，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测班氏微丝蚴血症血清中特异ＩｇＧ４的阳性率为９５．９１％（４７／４９）；治疗后的原微丝蚴血症ＩｇＧ４阳性率为１．４５％（１／６９）；７７例晚期丝虫病症状者及５０份非流行区健康人血清均为阴性；肠道线虫感染、囊虫感染及华支睾吸虫感染者血清均未出现交叉反应；检测原班氏丝虫病高、中度流行区正常人群滤纸干血的特异ＩｇＧ４阳性率分别为０．７９％（６／７６０）和０．２７％（３／１０９５）。显示特异ＩｇＧ４检测具有较高的敏感性与特异性。是诊断丝虫感染的有效方法，可取代微丝蚴血检用于现场的人群丝虫病监测。     

Bancroftian filariasis infection,disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa

Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa were analyzed and compared to assess the relationship between these parameters and community transmission intensity. Overall prevalences of microfilaremia and circulating filarial antigenemia were 24.9% and 52.2% in the high and 2.7% and 16.5% in the low endemicity community, respectively. A positive history of acute attacks of adenolymphangitis was given by 12.2% and 7.1% of the populations, 4.0% and 0.9% of the adult (> or = 20 years old) individuals presented with limb lymphedema, and 25.3% and 5.3% of the adult males had hydrocele, in the high and the low endemicity community, respectively. Both infection and disease appeared earlier and reached much higher levels in the high than in the low endemicity community. The observed overall and age-specific infection and disease patterns in the two communities were in agreement with the view that these are primarily shaped by transmission intensity. No statistically significant relationships between infection status of fathers and mothers and that of their children were observed in any of the communities for either microfilaremia or for circulating filarial antigenemia. The overall levels (prevalence and geometric mean intensity) of filarial-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, and IgE were significantly higher in the high endemicity community than in the low endemicity dommunity. Surprisingly, the opposite pattern was found for IgG3. Community transmission intensity thus appears to be an important determinant of observed inter-community variation in infection, disease, and host response patterns in Bancroftian filariasis.     

Seroepidemiological study of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan using a newly developed antibody assay

PURPOSE: A seroepidemiological study of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection was conducted in Japan, where HEV infection is not considered endemic. METHODS: IgG and IgM class antibodies to HEV were measured with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which recombinant virus-like particles were used as an antigen. A total of 1253 individuals (401 males and 852 females; age range, 6-89 years) were enrolled from two different areas: area 1 (n = 478), in which hepatitis C was endemic; and area 2 (n = 775), in which it was not endemic. RESULTS: The HEV antibody (IgG class) positive rate was 6.7% in area 1 and 4.6% in area 2. Similarly, the HAV antibody (IgG class) positive rates were 65.3% and 72.3%. The age- and sex-specific prevalence of both HAV and HEV antibodies was quite similar in the two areas, and the HAV antibody positive rate clearly increased with age in both males and females. On the other hand, the HEV antibody positive rate showed a slight tendency to increase with age in males, but not in females. None of the 32 individuals with the HEV antibody who were interviewed had a history of visiting countries in which hepatitis E was endemic. In both areas, the mean age, percentage of males, and HAV antibody positive rate were significantly higher in the group of individuals with the HEV antibody than in the group of those without it, according to conventional statistical analyses. Of the three factors age, male sex, presence of HAV antibody, and the area factor, only male sex was statistically significant (P < 0.001) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Two (0.2%) of the total of 1253 individuals were positive for the IgM class antibody to HEV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the possibility that HEV infection is circulating in Japan at a low level. HEV infection was associated with male sex, but not with HAV infection.