尿毒症血液透析者心脏病变的超声分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图（UCG）对尿毒症血液透析（HD）者心脏结构、功能变化的应用价值，提高对尿毒症性心脏病（UHD）的综合评价。方法用UCG检测32例HD者（A组）的心脏形态结构和功能，并以35例年龄、性别相匹配的健康人作为正常对照组（B组）。结果A组有左心房、左心室腔扩大，室间隔和左室后壁增厚，左室心肌重量指数增加，心脏瓣膜钙化，左室舒张功能降低，心包积液等。结论尿毒症心脏损害表现多样，左心室肥厚（LVH）和左室舒张功能障碍是最突出的特征，心脏超声检查是评价心脏结构和功能最强有力的指标。     

采用经胸高频超声观察大鼠心脏结构与功能的增龄性改变

目的 应用高频超声测定Wistar大鼠心脏结构和功能,探讨其增龄性改变的规律.方法 选用1、2、5、12、20月龄的雄性健康Wistar大鼠60只(每组12只),各组大鼠分别行经胸超声心动图检查,测定心脏结构与功能参数,最后处死大鼠取左心室称质量.结果 随增龄左心房内径、舒张末期左心室内径、室间隔及左心室后壁厚度、左心室心肌质量均增加(P<0.05),超声评估左心室质量与解剖称左心室质量结果呈正相关(r=0.78,P<0.01),各组左心室射血分数、短轴缩短率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);等容舒张时间随增龄延长(P<0.01);组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值(Ea)自2月龄后开始随增龄逐渐下降,舒张晚期峰值(Aa)呈上升趋势,Ea/Aa在1、2、5月龄组>1,12、20月龄组<1.多因素分析结果显示,月龄是左心房内径、舒张末期左心室内径、二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值的影响因素.结论 高频超声能够评价大鼠的心脏结构与功能的改变;老龄大鼠心房、心室内径均增加,左心室壁增厚,收缩功能无明显改变,而舒张功能已减低.     

褪黑素抗糖尿病所致心肌损伤的作用研究

目的 探讨褪黑素（melatonin，MLT）在链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin，STZ）诱导的糖尿病（DM）大鼠心肌损伤中发挥的作用。 方法 将30只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、DM模型组和MLT治疗组。大鼠连续5 d腹腔注射STZ（50 mg/kg）诱导糖尿病大鼠模型，造模成功后腹腔注射MLT（30 mg/kg）治疗8周。8周后，尾静脉取血检测大鼠空腹血糖和血清胰岛素水平；心脏超声检测各组大鼠心脏功能；HE和Masson染色检测心肌组织形态变化；原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测心肌细胞凋亡；ELISA试剂盒检测血清和心肌组织氧化应激相关体液因子水平和炎症因子水平。 结果 与对照组相比，糖尿病大鼠血糖升高、血清胰岛素水平降低，心脏超声结果显示糖尿病大鼠心脏收缩舒张功能降低，HE和Masson染色显示糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞形态紊乱、胶原聚集，TUNEL法检测结果显示糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡增加，ELISA法检测结果显示糖尿病大鼠血清MDA水平明显增加、SOD、CAT水平明显减少，炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β水平明显增加；与DM模型组相比，MLT治疗组大鼠血糖水平明显降低、血清胰岛素水平明显增加，治疗组大鼠心脏收缩和舒张功能、心肌形态的紊乱和胶原的产生均有所改善；心肌细胞凋亡明显减少，血清的MDA水平减少、SOD、CAT的水平增加，TNF-α和IL-1β的水平也有明显减少。 结论 MLT具有减轻糖尿病所致心肌损伤的作用，其作用机制是否与其发挥抗氧化活性尚需进一步研究证实。     

压力负荷增高性心肌肥厚大鼠心肌胶原网络重构及其与心功能变化的关系

为探讨压力负荷增高性心肌肥厚大鼠心肌胶原网络的重构及其与左室功能的关系。采用腹主动脉结扎术致大鼠心肌肥厚；心脏离体灌注测定左室功能；ＶＧ染色和图像处理观察心肌胶原网络重构。结果显示手术组大鼠术后２周即出现明显左室肥厚；与假手术组比较，左室心肌总胶原容积百分比（ＣＶＦ－Ｔ）于术后２周即呈增高趋势（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后４，８周ＣＶＦ－Ｔ和无小血管视野ＣＶＦ（ＣＶＦ－ＮＶ）均显著高于假手术组；手术组大鼠术后４周左室功能出现明显减退，ＣＶＦ－ＮＶ，ＣＶＦ－Ｔ与左室功能指标，尤其舒张功能指标呈明显负相关。结论:压力负荷增高性心肌肥厚时伴有心肌胶原网络的重构，心肌胶原网络重构与心功能障碍，尤其是舒张功能障碍有明显关系。     

SD大鼠心脏结构和功能增龄性改变及与炎症因子表达的相关性

目的探究SD大鼠随着月龄增加心脏结构和功能的改变及其与炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α表达的相关性。方法根据月龄将SD大鼠分为6月龄、18月龄和26月龄组,每组10只。采用GE Vivid E9彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,12.0 MHz高频探头,通过M型超声、二尖瓣血流频谱和组织多普勒测定评价不同月龄SD大鼠心脏结构和功能的变化。Masson染色评估心肌组织病理改变,透射电镜观察心肌的超微结构,免疫组化和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测大鼠心肌组织和血清中炎症因子TNF-α的表达。同时检测各组大鼠心功能参数及心肌组织中胶原纤维容积百分比(CVF)与炎症因子的相关性。结果心脏超声结果显示,随着SD大鼠月龄的增加,舒张期室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值/二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值(E/A)和二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值/二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值(E/E′)等参数显示心功能逐渐变差,提示增龄导致SD大鼠心室腔扩大,室间隔增厚,收缩及舒张功能减弱,尤其是26月龄老年化大鼠和6月龄及18月龄大鼠比较,部分参数有显著性差异(P0.05)。同时,随着增龄化,大鼠心肌组织纤维化程度加重,心肌细胞病理改变显著。心肌组织和血清中TNF-α水平随月龄的增加而增加(P0.05),且超声参数与TNF-α水平存在正相关或负相关(P0.05)。结论增龄导致SD大鼠心脏结构和功能改变,且与TNF-α的表达增加存在相关性。     

咪达普利对舒张功能不全大鼠心功能的保护与减轻心肌线粒体损伤有关

目的探讨咪达普利对舒张功能不全心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能保护作用的机制。方法30只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组、用药1组、用药2组和用药3组共5组。采用腹主动脉缩窄建立舒张功能不全心力衰竭模型,对照组只开腹和分离腹主动脉。3个用药组大鼠术后分别灌胃给予咪达普利1.5 mg/(kg.d)、3或6 mg/(kg.d);对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃给予同等量的生理盐水共4周。4周末心脏B超检测心功能,颈动脉插管记录血流动力学变化,取心脏称重,计算与体重的比例,分光光度计检测线粒体丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶变化,电镜检测心肌线粒体超微结构改变。结果心脏超声心动图发现舒张功能不全心力衰竭组大鼠室间隔和左心室后壁厚度、E/A比值明显增高,血流动力学检测发现收缩压、舒张压、左心室收缩压、左心室舒张期末压升高,左心室松弛时间常数延长,左心室内压最大下降速率下降,心脏指数和左心室质量指数增加。咪达普利使增加的室间隔和左心室后壁厚度、E/A、收缩压、舒张压、左心室收缩压、左心室舒张期末压、心脏指数和左心室质量指数降低,左心室松弛时间常数缩短,左心室内压最大下降速率升高,随着咪达普利剂量的增加,改变的程度越明显。线粒体功能检测发现,舒张功能不全心力衰竭组大鼠超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶下降,丙二醛增加,电镜观察发现心肌细胞肌丝排列不整齐、线粒体肿胀及空泡化等线粒体损伤;咪达普利减轻线粒体结构和功能损伤。结论咪达普利通过减轻心肌细胞和线粒体损伤改善舒张功能不全心力衰竭大鼠的心脏功能。     

用多普勒组织显像速度模式评价左心室收缩及舒张功能

目的 :初步评价多普勒组织显像 （DTI）检查左心室收缩和舒张功能的临床应用价值。方法 :用 DTI速度模式检测了正常健康组 114例和左室收缩功能降低 （左室缩短率 FS<2 5 % ）组 40例二尖瓣后叶瓣环位及左室后壁心肌的运动速度。结果 :各参数在正常男女间无显著差异 ,心功能降低组较正常组明显降低 （P<0 .0 1） ;正常组左室后壁心肌收缩速度与 FS间呈正相关 （r=0 .38）。结论 :用 DTI的速度模式检测局部室壁运动速度是评价心室收缩和舒张功能的一种较简便、直观、全面、准确的新方法     

缬沙坦对高血压合并心房颤动发生率、左心室肥厚逆转和左心室舒张功能的影响

该文探讨缬沙坦对高血压合并心房颤动发生率、逆转左心室肥厚和左室舒张功能的影响。方法：高血压合并房颤经电转复或药物恢复窦性心律患者210例，随机分为缬沙坦组和氨氯地平组。观察两组患者1年内房颤复发率及其与高血压左室肥厚的关系；比较治疗前后心脏超声参数：左室舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、左房前后径（LADd）、左室质量指数（LVMI）和左心室舒张功能指标；随访治疗期间心脑血管事件的发生。结果：     

辛伐他汀减轻舒张功能不全心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化

目的 探讨辛伐他汀对舒张功能不全心力衰竭(diastolic heart failure,DHF)大鼠心脏功能保护和心肌纤维化的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为阴性对照组、DHF组、辛伐他汀组.采用腹主动脉缩窄建立DHF模型,阴性对照组只开腹和分离腹主动脉.辛伐他汀组大鼠术后经灌胃给予辛伐他汀2 mg/(kg·d),阴性对照组和DHF组大鼠给予同等量的生理盐水.4周末心脏超声检测心功能,颈动脉插管记录血流动力学,HE染色和Masson染色观察心肌组织病理结构的变化.结果 心脏超声显示DHF组大鼠室间隔和左心室后壁厚度、E/A比值明显增高,血流动力学检测显示收缩压、舒张压、左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末压升高,左心室松弛时间常数延长,左心室内压最大下降速率下降,心脏指数和左心室质量指数增加.辛伐他汀使增加的室间隔和左心室后壁厚度、E/A、收缩压、舒张压、左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末压、心脏指数和左心室质量指数降低,左心室松弛时间常数缩短,左心室内压最大下降速率升高.HE染色和Masson染色显示,DHF组大鼠心肌组织间纤维组织和炎性细胞增多,心肌胶原面积与总面积的比值和壁内小动脉管腔周围胶原面积与管腔面积的比值在心肌组织中显著增加;辛伐他汀减轻DHF大鼠心肌组织间纤维化和炎性细胞浸润,降低心肌胶原面积与总面积的比值以及壁内小动脉管腔周围胶原面积与管腔面积的比值.结论 辛伐他汀改善DHF大鼠心脏功能,此作用可能与减轻心室纤维化有关.     

丁苯酞可通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路改善心肌梗死大鼠心功能

目的：探究丁苯酞通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路对心肌梗死（MI）大鼠心脏功能的影响。方法：将30只雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组（sham组）、MI组和丁苯酞治疗组（NBP组），各10只。检测3组大鼠的心脏功能、左心室质量和左心室指数，采用HE染色和Masson染色观察大鼠心肌组织病理及胶原纤维化情况，采用免疫印迹试验检测mTOR和磷酸化的mTOR（P-mTOR）表达。结果：与sham组比较，MI组大鼠左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）和左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）明显升高，左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）水平显著降低（P均<0.05），干预后的NBP组得到明显改善（P均<0.05）。MI组大鼠的左心室质量和左室质量指数明显高于sham组（P均<0.05）；干预后的NBP组大鼠得到显著抑制 （P均<0.05）。与sham组比较，MI组大鼠的mTOR和P-mTOR明显减少（P均<0.05）；丁苯酞治疗组大鼠的mTOR和P-mTOR表达显著升高（P均<0.05）。结论：丁苯酞可改善心肌梗死大鼠的心功能，推测是通过激活mTOR信号通路，进而对心功能起到保护作用。     

组织多普勒成像技术评价正常胎儿心脏纵轴功能

目的利用组织多普勒成像技术（TDI）测量正常胎儿心肌运动速度,观察其心脏纵轴功能及临床应用价值。方法应用组织多普勒技术测量152例孕龄21—39周的正常胎儿心脏进行测量,在心尖四腔切面将取样容积分别放置于右室游离壁、室间隔、左室侧壁与房室环交界处,测量收缩期Sm波、舒张早期Em波和舒张晚期Am波,计算Em／Am比值,进行统计分析和处理。结果右心室收缩期Sm及舒张早期Em测值明显大于左心室及室间隔处,左、右心室Sm、Em、Am、Era／Am均随孕周的增加而增加,呈正相关关系。左、右心室的Sm与左、右心室的心输出量有相关性,左：右心室Em／Am与E／A有相关性。结论利用TDI评价胎儿心脏纵轴运动是安全、准确、可行的。     

急诊血运重建对急性心肌梗死左心室功能的影响

目的应用二维超声心动图及多普勒组织成像（Doppler tissue imaging，DTI）评价急诊血运重建（包括静脉溶栓或者急诊冠状动脉支架置入术）对急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction，AMI）左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响。方法入院后根据AMI患者治疗方法分为常规组和治疗组。常规组30例给予内科常规治疗；治疗组20例在内科常规治疗基础上实施静脉溶栓或急诊冠状动脉支架置入术。应用DTI检测左心室射血分数、二尖瓣血流舒张早期流速峰值（peak velocity at early diastole，VE）和舒张晚期流速峰值（peak velocity at late diastole，VA）比值（VE／VA），DTI成像模式检测二尖瓣环后间隔、侧壁、前壁、下壁、前间隔和后壁6个节段的收缩期运动速度峰值（peak velocity during systole，Sa）、舒张早期运动速度峰值（peak velocity at early diastole，Ea）和心房收缩期流速峰值（peak velocitv at atrial contraction，Aa），并计算Ea／Aa比值。各取6个节段的平均值。结果所有AMI患者于发病后1周、3月末左心室射血分数、VE／VA、Sa、Ea和Ea／Aa均较对照组降低；予急诊血运重建的AMI患者于AMI发病后3个月S。和E。较本组发病后1周增高，并较未行急诊血运重建干预组（常规组）发病后3个月增高。结论AMI后左心室收缩和舒张功能受损，实施急诊血运重建可以有效改善心脏功能．应用DTI技术检测二尖瓣环运动速度可以精确反映AMI患者局部节段性心功能的恢复。     

内皮细胞特异性分子-1预处理干细胞用于心肌梗死治疗的实验研究

目的:探讨内皮细胞特异性分子-1(endothelial cell-specific molecule 1,ESM-1)预处理的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BM-MSCs)植入心肌梗死(MI)大鼠后,是否能增加干细胞的存活,改善MI大鼠的心功能。方法:将用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brd U)标记的BM-MSCs与ESM-1孵育预处理后,以注射器自心外膜注入SD大鼠梗死心肌周围组织。将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组,即空白组、对照组及预处理组,每组10只大鼠(n=10)。于MI后4周、干细胞移植后4周分别检测各组的超声参数:左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)和左室后壁厚度(LVPWT);用ELISA法定量检测血清脑钠尿肽(BNP)的分泌以及移植细胞的存活情况。结果:干细胞移植后4周,预处理组大鼠心脏超声检测提示LVESD、LVEDD缩小、LVEF提高,BNP含量降低,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。干细胞移植后4周,预处理组梗死周围心肌组织Brd U+的细胞数明显增多,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:将ESM-1与BM-MSCs共孵育可活化BM-MSCs,促进其增殖、分化,改善心功能。     

Involvement of right ventricle in left ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging.

AIMS: This study uses pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to analyse right ventricular myocardial function and its interaction with left ventricle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involving ventricular septum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 30 normal subjects, comparable for sex, age, body mass index and heart rate, underwent complete standard Doppler echocardiography and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of both posterior septum and right ventricular free wall, calculating myocardial velocities and both systolic and diastolic time intervals. Except for peak velocity A, the other Doppler tricuspid inflow measurements were significantly impaired in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, without changes of tricuspid annular systolic excursion. Right ventricular Doppler tissue imaging showed longer right ventricular myocardial relaxation time in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in controls (P<0.00001), without a significant difference from other myocardial diastolic and systolic measurements. In the overall population, Doppler measurements of right and left ventricular inflow were not significantly associated, while (with the exception of myocardial deceleration time) all the other myocardial systolic and diastolic measurements derived by tissue imaging were directly related to the homologous septal myocardial indexes. In addition, a significant inverse relation was found between septal wall thickness and myocardial relaxation index (right-left myocardial relaxation time/right ventricular relaxation time x 100). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the usefulness of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to detect impairment of right ventricular myocardial function and to provide evidence about ventricular interaction in forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which involve interventricular septum.     

Analysis and quantification of longitudinal contraction of the left ventricle in myocardial infarction. Value of Doppler myocardial tissue imaging

The authors compared the results of conventional 2D echocardiography and those of Doppler tissue imaging in 30 patients in the intensive care unit for acute pulmonary myocardial infarction and 10 normal control subjects, to assess the longitudinal contraction of the left ventricle. Echocardiography was performed in the apical 2 and 4 chamber views to analyse the septal, lateral, posterior and anterior left ventricular walls. Each wall was divided into 3 segments: basal, median and apical. Each segment was scored: 1-normo or hyperkinetic, 2-hypokinetic, 3-akinetic and 4-dyskinetic. Doppler tissue imaging provided the maximum instantaneous velocities in systole and diastole in each segment. In control subjects, the myocardial velocities decreased significantly from the base to the apex, resulting in a systolic and diastolic pressure gradient with each wall between the base and the apex. In patients with myocardial infarction, the myocardial velocities were decreased compared with the control group. Moreover, the myocardial velocity gradient between the base and apex was significantly reduced in the hypo and akinetic walls, both in systole and diastole. These results show that, in myocardial infarction, the longitudinal left ventricular contraction is abnormal and may be analysed and quantified by new indices of myocardial systolic and diastolic function, provided by Doppler tissue imaging.     

Acute changes in load: effects of myocardial velocities measured by doppler tissue imaging]

The value of measuring the velocities of myocardial motion in the analysis of regional contractility has been demonstrated. The effects of changes in load on myocardial velocities has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to increase the change in myocardial velocities during haemodialysis. The velocities of longitudinal myocardial motion of the posterior wall and mitral annulus were measured by Doppler tissue imaging in 33 chronic haemodialysis patients (16 men: ages 64 +/- 14 years). Using the apical 2 chamber view: systolic (S), diastolic (D) and late (A) velocities were measured before and immediately after haemodialysis. The weight loss and decrease in mean blood pressure was 2.6 +/- 1.2 Kg and 10 +/- 17% respectively. Before dialysis, the systolic and diastolic velocities were maximal at the mitral annulus and decreased from the base to the apical region of the posterior wall. After dialysis, the velocities of the basal, median and apical segments of the posterior wall increased in systole but decreased in early diastole. Conversely, diastolic velocities of the mitral annulus did not change after dialysis. The authors conclude that the systolic and diastolic velocities of myocardial motion are affected by acute changes in left ventricular load induced by haemodialysis whereas those of the mitral annulus are little affected.     

超声心动图评价重组Peroxiredoxin-2蛋白对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心功能的影响

目的 应用超声心动图来检测外源重组过氧化物还原酶(rePrx)-2对糖尿病心肌病(DCM)大鼠心功能的影响。方法 30只SD雄性大鼠分为对照组(n=10),单纯DCM模型组(单纯模型组,n=10),干预组(DCM+rePrx-2,n=10只)。干预组于糖尿病模型构建成功后通过腹部皮下植入微渗透泵方法给予rePrx-2蛋白。于DCM大鼠模型建立后第12周检测各组的心脏超声心动图结果,并应用HE及Masson染色对大鼠心肌组织进行病理检查。结果 与单纯模型组相比较,干预组大鼠心脏收缩期室间隔厚度(IVSs),舒张期室间隔厚度(IVSd),收缩期左心室内径(LVIDs),舒张期左心室内径(LVIDd),舒张期左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)和收缩期左室后壁厚度(LVPWs)显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);同时干预组心功能指标左室射血分数(LVEF)和缩短分数(LVFS)显著增高,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),Masson及HE染色可见干预组明显改善单纯模型组心肌纤维化损伤程度。结论 通过超声心动图检查,能有效证实rePrx-2对DCM大鼠心肌重构及心功能有明显改善作用。     

Losartan improves regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertension: accurate evaluation using a newly developed color-coded tissue doppler imaging technique

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have recently been accepted as antihypertensive therapy. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has been developed as a noninvasive tool to assess quantitatively regional myocardial motion abnormalities. This study was designed to determine whether our newly developed technique of color-coded TDI may be a useful means of quantifying the improvement in regional left ventricular (LV) myocardial contractility and relaxation after treatment with losartan in patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: Losartan (50 to 100 mg) was administered for 6 months to 37 previously untreated patients with essential hypertension. Averaged myocardial velocity profiles (MVPs) for color-coded TDI were recorded in the ventricular septum and LV posterior wall before and after treatment. Peak myocardial velocities and peak myocardial velocity gradients (MVGs) in the LV walls were determined during systole and early diastole. The plasma concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 also was measured in all patients. Blood pressure and plasma TGF-beta1 level decreased after initiation of losartan therapy. The LV mass index and LV meridional end-systolic wall stress also decreased after treatment with losartan. LV geometry changed from a pattern consistent with concentric hypertrophy to normal geometry in 10 patients and to a pattern consistent with concentric remodeling in 5 patients, and from concentric remodeling to normal geometry in 5 patients after treatment with losartan. The ratio of early to late diastolic filling for the transmitral flow velocity increased after losartan treatment. The peak systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities and MVGs in the ventricular septum and LV posterior wall increased after treatment with losartan, although the values 6 months after treatment with losartan were still lower than those in normal individuals. There were good correlations between changes in plasma TGF-beta1 level and changes in systolic and early diastolic MVGs 6 months after losartan. However, there were no significant correlations between changes in the systolic blood pressure and LV end-systolic wall stress and changes in the TDI parameters. CONCLUSION: Losartan improves regional LV function in patients with hypertension. Our newly developed averaged MVP and MVG measurements may be useful for accurately evaluating regional LV myocardial contractility and relaxation in these patients.     

组织多普勒对2型糖尿病患者左室功能评价的价值

目的 探讨多普勒组织成像技术（TDI）对2型糖尿病患者左室舒张、收缩功能评价的价值.方法 选取30例2型糖尿病、25例2型糖尿病合并高血压患者及30名正常对照.应用TDI检测二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度（Ve）、舒张晚期运动峰值速度（Va）、收缩期峰值速度（Vs）.分别记录二尖瓣环6个位点心肌运动数率（V）.结果 2型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病合并高血压组Ve、Ve/Va低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;糖尿病组、糖尿病合并高血压组Va高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;糖尿病组、糖尿病合并高血压组Vs低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 组织多普勒可以早期无创评价2型糖尿病患者左心室的收缩、舒张功能,合并高血压可加重左心功能损害.     

Myocardial tissue velocities in neonates

BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) has been applied to the children age group; however, myocardial tissue velocities of neonates have been reported by few researchers. METHODS: Myocardial velocities along the longitudinal axis of the left ventricle were measured in two groups: 50 term neonates within 5 days after birth and 54 healthy children by TDE. Sample volumes were placed in mitral lateral annulus (MLA), mitral medial annulus (MMA), and in the basal and middle parts of the left ventricular lateral wall (LVLW) and interventricular septum (IVS). RESULTS: The highest myocardial velocities were obtained from MLA. In all segments, the mean systolic velocity (Sw) was found significantly lower than the mean early diastolic (Ew) and atrial systolic velocities (Aw) (P < 0.0001). The mean Aw was the dominant component in the MMA and were significantly higher than Ew (P < 0.001). The mean Ew/Aw in the MMA and MLA increased significantly while replacing the Doppler beam from base to apex. TDE indexes of neonates, except Aw obtained from MLA and MMA, were significantly lower than that of children group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The mean E/Ew ratio of the left ventricle in neonates was found to be significantly higher than that found in children group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In neonates, the diastolic and systolic myocardial velocities of the left ventricle were significantly lower than those measured in the children group. Decreased myocardial tissue values of neonates might be reflecting the immaturity of neonatal myocardium.