眼睑肿物临床病理分析及眼睑缺损修复探讨

目的分析眼睑肿物的临床及病理学分类，探讨手术方法及肿物切除术后跟睑及其周围组织缺损的修复。方法回顾性分析我院73例眼睑肿物基本资料、病理分类、治疗方式、治疗结果，探讨肿物切除术后眼睑缺损个体化修复方式。结果73例（73眼）眼睑肿物中，良性病变62例（84．9％），恶性肿瘤11例（15．1％）。良性病变类型中，以皮样、表皮样囊肿25例，基底细胞乳头状瘤12例，炎性肉芽肿6例，皮脂腺囊肿6例，皮内痣、混合痣5例等为多见。恶性病变中基底细胞癌9例，鳞状细胞癌2例。73例眼睑肿物均行手术切除，切除后眼睑缺损修复方法有：44例直接缝合切缘皮肤，15例游离松解切缘皮肤后对位缝合，5例取左上臂内侧皮肤植皮修复，7例行颧颞部皮瓣移植修复，1例行鼻唇沟皮瓣移植修复，1例行滑行睑板结膜瓣修复，植皮及皮瓣移植均成功存活，疗效良好。恶性肿瘤随访期间尚未见转移。结论眼睑肿物中良性病变多于恶性病变，恶性病变中以基底细胞癌最为常见，手术切除是治疗的有效方式，术后眼睑缺损的个体化修复重建在维持眼睑形态、防止眼睑畸形、保护眼表功能方面具有重要意义。     

眼睑刺激性老年性疣——10例临床病理分析及一例超微结构研究

老年性优又称色素性基底细胞性乳头状瘤,是眼睑良性肿瘤中比较多见的一种。此瘤在临床上,常被误诊为痣或恶性黑色素瘤,在病理上,一则可被误诊为基底细胞癌或鳞状细胞癌,特别当切除不彻底或受到刺激后,可转变为刺激性老年性优,尤易误诊。     

冷冻治疗眼睑恶性肿瘤的效果

眼睑基底细胞癌以往常用手术治疗,但近年来已逐渐采用冷冻手术,因其并发症少,易于使用,美容效果及治愈率均较满意。本文包括315例组织学证实的眼部周围皮肤恶性肿瘤。分为3组:(1) 279例基底细胞癌;(2) 22例鳞状细胞癌;(3) 其他,包括4例上皮内上皮瘤,5例鳞状基底细胞癌,2例睑板腺癌,1例恶性小痣和1例转移性恶性黑色素瘤。除外肿瘤侵及结膜穹窿部、固定于骨膜或骨、以及去神经的(运动性或感觉性)病例。对基底细胞癌,尚可分为以下4类:(a)结节型基底细胞癌,系局限性,溃疡或非溃疡性结节型病变,结节光滑而隆起,边界清楚。任何向外扩展生长     

2639例眼睑肿物临床病理分析

目的探讨眼睑肿物的疾病谱系及病理特征。方法为存档资料分析。收集1997年1月至2006年12月10年间存档的2639例眼睑肿物临床组织病理学资料进行分析。结果位于良性病变前5位的分别是炎性病变、色素痣、乳头状瘤、皮样囊肿及表皮样囊肿、上皮囊肿;位于恶性肿瘤前5位的分别是基底细胞癌、皮脂腺腺癌、淋巴瘤、鳞状细胞癌、黑色素瘤。此5种恶性肿瘤患者的平均年龄分别为61、61、48、57及52岁。基底细胞癌和皮脂腺腺癌患者性别倾向不明显,黑色素瘤和淋巴瘤女性患者较多,鳞状细胞癌男性患者较多。结论基底细胞癌和皮脂腺腺癌仍是最常见的眼睑恶性肿瘤,淋巴瘤位于第三位且有增加的趋势。眼睑恶性肿瘤主要发生于60岁以上的老年人。（中华眼科杂志．2008．44：3841）     

原发性眼睑肿瘤291例临床病理分析

目的:了解原发性眼睑肿瘤的组织病理学特征及发病率。方法:收集第三军医大学附属西南眼科医院2003-01/2009-12门诊及住院治疗的291例原发性眼睑肿瘤患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:良性眼睑肿瘤172例(59.1%),其构成位于前10位的依次为:乳头状瘤、色素痣、炎性肉芽肿、皮样囊肿或表皮样囊肿、淀粉样变性、疣、血管瘤、黄色瘤、浆细胞肉芽肿、毛发上皮瘤。恶性眼睑肿瘤119例(40.9%),其构成位于前5位的肿瘤依次为:基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌(含梭形细胞癌)、皮脂腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、恶性黑色素瘤。对眼睑三大恶性肿瘤的临床流行病学资料进行了总结分析,讨论了眼睑肿瘤切除术后的眼睑修复方法。结论:眼睑肿瘤临床病理分类繁多,对病变进行临床病理分析有助于正确的诊断及治疗。     

426例眼部肿瘤病理分析

目的:对426例眼部肿瘤进行病理分析。方法:复习我院病理科1982～1997年间所检查的457例眼科病理资料,对其中的426例眼部肿瘤进行分析。结果:良性肿瘤290例（68.1％）,恶性肿瘤136例（31.9％）。按发病解剖学部位分类:眼睑肿瘤272例（63.8％）,角结膜肿瘤44例（10.3％）,视网膜肿瘤34例（8％）,眼眶肿瘤76例（17.8％）。按组织学分类,眼睑良性肿瘤前5位为色素痣83例,各种囊肿39例,基底细胞乳头状瘤34例,鳞状上皮乳头状瘤17例,脉管瘤14例。眼睑恶性肿瘤为:基底细胞癌33例,鳞状细胞癌16例,睑板腺癌10例,恶性黑色素瘤7例。角结膜肿瘤较少。视网膜肿瘤34例,全部为视网膜母细胞瘤。眼眶良性肿瘤前5位为:各种上皮性囊肿17例,神经纤维瘤10例,泪腺混合瘤10例,炎性假瘤9例,血管瘤5例。眼眶恶性肿瘤以鳞状细胞癌10例占首位,其余依次为泪腺混合瘤恶变4例、基底细胞癌2例,间叶组织来源的血管肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤各1例。     

眼睑肿物临床病理分析763例

目的　通过研究眼睑肿物的临床病理资料,探讨眼睑肿物的病理类型分布及临床特点。方法　收集２００３年１０月至２０１４年１月在解放军总医院眼科进行手术的７６３例眼睑肿物患者的临床病理资料,分析眼睑肿物的病理类型分布和临床特点。结果　在７６３例眼睑肿物中,良性病变６３１例,占８２．７％,恶性病变１３２例,占１７．３％。眼睑肿物良性病变前３位的病理类型是炎性病变（３０．３％）、色素痣（２７．９％）和脂溢性角化病（９．８％）。眼睑肿物恶性病变前３位的病理类型是基底细胞癌（５０．８％）、皮脂腺癌（１５．２％）和鳞状细胞癌（１２．１％）。结论　眼睑肿物中大部分为良性病变,炎性病变是最多见的病理类型,在恶性病变中基底细胞癌是最常见的病理类型。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后Ⅰ期眼睑重建的手术方法探讨

目的探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后Ⅰ期进行眼睑重建的手术方法 ,并评价其安全性和有效性。方法利用眼睑邻近皮瓣转移或游离植皮联合口腔粘膜移植对23例（23只眼）眼睑恶性肿瘤患者进行肿瘤切除并眼睑重建。病理诊断示：基底细胞癌15例,睑板腺癌6例,恶性黑色素瘤1例,汗腺癌1例。结果 23例术后眼睑外观满意,视功能无影响。结论眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后Ⅰ期眼睑重建在眼睑外形和功能上可获得满意的效果。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤中p16基因的改变及其意义

目的 探讨肿瘤抑制基因p16基因的改变与眼睑恶性肿瘤发生的关系及其临床病理学意义.方法采用半定量PCR联合SSCP银染法对59例眼睑恶性肿瘤中p16基因外显子2的缺失与突变进行检测.并用图像分析技术对鳞状细胞癌(SCC)、乳头状瘤、鳞状上皮不典型增生进行DNA倍体及其含量分析. 结果 SCC中p16基因缺失为9/23,基底细胞癌(BCC)为1/17,睑板腺癌为0/10,SCC与后两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).DNA倍体及含量分析发现,乳头状瘤、鳞状上皮不典型增生与SCC的DNA峰值倍体分布之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论p16基因缺失在眼睑SCC发生中可能起一定作用;DNA倍体分析及其含量测定可用作良性、恶性程度的一个参考指标;p16基因检测有助于肿瘤的临床诊断、治疗及估计预后.     

233例眼眶占位性病变的组织病理学分析

目的 分析眼眶占位性病变的组织病理学分类.方法 对河南省眼科研究所2001年1月～2007年9月眼科病理室存档的233例眼眶占位性病变手术切除标本进行组织病理学分类.结果 良性病变191例(81.97%),其中前3位依次为海绵状血管瘤60例(25.75%),炎症22例(9.44%),皮样囊肿13例(5.58%).恶性病变42例(18.03%),其中原发性恶性肿瘤20例(8.97%),包括淋巴瘤10例(4.29%),泪腺上皮性恶性肿瘤4例(1.72%).横纹肌肉瘤3例(1.29%),纤维肉瘤1例(0.43%),其他2例(0.86%);继发性恶性肿瘤22例(9.87%),分别为眼睑皮脂腺癌眼眶蔓延9例(3.86%),眼睑鳞状细胞癌眼眶蔓延6例(2.58%),眼睑黑色素瘤眼眶蔓延3例(1.29%),视网膜母细胞瘤眶内蔓延3例(1.29%),眼睑基底细胞癌眼眶蔓延1例(0.43%).结论 眼眶占位性病变中脉管源性肿瘤最常见,其中最多见的是海绵状血管瘤,恶性病变中最多见的是淋巴瘤.     

Incidence of benign and malignant lesions of eyelid and conjunctival tumors

PURPOSE: To examine the incidence of benign and malignant eyelid lesions and conjunctival tumors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One-hundred-and twenty-eight cases (131 eyes) which were treated during the period from January 1990 to February 2004 were histopathologically diagnosed for eyelid or conjunctival tumors (87 cases of eyelid tumors and 41 cases of conjunctival tumors) in retrospective evaluations. The incidence of benign or malignant lesions, the pathological classification, age, sex, and clinical diagnostic accuracy were all investigated. RESULTS: Sixty-four (73%) of the tumors were found to be benign eyelid tumors. The common benign eyelid tumors were 14 nevocellular nevi, 9 seborrheic keratosis, 7 epidermoid cysts, and 6 papillomas. Twenty-four (27%) eyelid tumors were malignant. These included 9 basal cell carcinomas, 9 sebaceous gland carcinomas, 4 malignant lymphomas, and 2 metastatic tumors. Thirty-four (79%) conjunctival tumors were benign, and the common benign conjunctival tumors were 9 nevocellular nevi and 7 papillomas. Nine (21%) conjunctival tumors were malignant, comprising 7 malignant lymphomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas. The mean ages of malignant eyelid and conjunctival tumor patients were significantly older than those of benign tumor patients. Clinical accuracy in predicting basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma was 11.1% and 44.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : Approximately 70 approximately 80% of all eyelid and conjunctival tumors are benign. Clinicians should suspect that the lesions are malignant when seeing elderly patients with eyelid or conjunctival tumors. Excised eyelid lesions should be submitted for histopathologic confirmation because there are some cases where clinical diagnosis does not match pathological diagnosis.     

Eyelid neoplasms in the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the spectrum of eyelid neoplastic specimens obtained at the Beijing Tongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 2,639 eyelid neoplasms were included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 2,639 eyelid specimens, 2,276 (86.2%) were benign and 363 (13.8%) were malignant. The most common benign lesions were inflammatory lesions, melanocytic nevi, papillomas, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, and epithelial cysts. The most common malignant or semi-malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas, sebaceous gland carcinomas, lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 years for benign lesions and 60 years for malignant tumors. There was no significant gender predilection among the five major non-benign eyelid tumors. CONCLUSION: At the BeijingTongren Eye Centre between 1997 and 2006, the predominant non-benign eyelid tumors were basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma, followed by lymphoma. The non-benign lesions occurred predominantly in elderly patients who were 60 years of age and older.     

MUC1 and sialoglycan expression associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in eyelid malignant tumors

PURPOSE: To elucidate the relation between infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the expression of MUC1 and sialoglycans in malignant eyelid tumors. METHODS: The distribution of MUC1, Maackia amurensis lectin-II (MAL-II)-recognized sialoglycan, and CD8-positive T lymphocytes was examined histochemically in 14 patients with malignant eyelid tumors: three squamous cell carcinomas, six sebaceous gland carcinomas, and five basal cell carcinomas. The density of CD8-positive cells was examined and correlated with MUC1 and sialoglycan expression. RESULTS: MUC1 was identified in squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma, but not in basal cell carcinoma. CD8-positive cells were more densely distributed in those squamous cell and sebaceous gland carcinoma cases that were more intense in MUC1 expression and weaker in MAL-II binding. Tumors with a strong expression of both MUC1 and MAL-II-bound sialoglycans showed few CD8-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: MUC1 with few sialoglycans is likely to induce an intense infiltration of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in eyelid cancers.     

A retrospective study of 2228 cases with eyelid tumors

AIM: To describe the histopathologic and clinical features of eyelid tumor cases from Tianjin Eye Hospital during 2002 to 2015. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 2228 cases of eyelid tumors with pathologic diagnoses were enrolled. The eyelid tumors were classified into three groups according to tumor origin: epidermal, adnexal and miscellaneous, including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Inflammatory tumor-like lesions were excluded. The clinical characteristics of the eyelid tumors were analyzed, including age, gender and lesion location. RESULTS: Most eyelid tumors were epidermal in origin (1080, 48.5%), followed by miscellaneous (885, 39.7%) and adnexal tumors (263, 11.8%). Among all the tumors, 292 (13.1%) were malignant lesions, 1910 (85.7%) benign and 26 (1.1%) premalignant lesions. Most malignant tumors originated from epidermal cells (60.0%), followed by adnexal cells (34.6%). The most common malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas (56.5%) followed by sebaceous carcinoma (34.6%), squamous cell carcinomas (3.8%) and lymphoma/plasmocytoma (1.7%). The benign and premalignant eyelid lesions mostly originated from epidermal cells (46.4%) followed by miscellaneous cell sources (45.2%), including melanocytic nevus (33.8%), seborrheic keratosis (13.7%), squamous cell papilloma (13.0%) and epidermal cysts (11.5%). CONCLUSION: Eyelid tumors are mostly epithelial in origin. Benign tumors are significantly more common than malignant tumors with an obvious female predominance, and the most frequent malignant tumor are basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor clinical features varied among the different subtypes.     

眼睑肿物105例临床分析

目的：探讨眼睑肿物的临床、病理学分类,为眼睑肿物的诊断和治疗提供依据。 方法：回顾性分析本院眼科近2a来收治的105例105眼眼睑肿物患者的病理学资料,对眼睑肿物的病理分类进行回顾性分析。 结果：眼睑肿物105例105眼中良性肿瘤共101例101眼,恶性肿瘤4例 4眼。良性肿瘤中占前5位的是炎性肉芽组织22例 22 眼,脂溢性角化病16例16眼,鳞状细胞乳头状瘤13例13眼,皮内痣12例12眼,表皮样囊肿12例 12 眼。恶性肿瘤中基底细胞癌2例 2眼,睑板腺癌和恶性黑色素瘤各1例1眼。 结论：明确的临床病理分型诊断有助于眼睑肿物的手术治疗及预后。     

Malignant eyelid tumours in Taiwan

AIMS: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with eyelid cancers in Taiwan. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2000, 127 (58 males and 69 females) patients (mean age 62.6; range 10-91 years) with histologically confirmed eyelid cancers were retrospectively evaluated at the National Taiwan University Hospital and Far Eastern Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. Clinical data of all patients were reviewed from medical records. The mean follow-up period was 62.4 months (range 3-240) for 113 patients. RESULTS: The 127 eyelid cancers included 79 basal cell carcinomas (62.2%), 30 sebaceous gland carcinomas (23.6%), 11 squamous cell carcinomas (8.7%), five malignant melanomas (3.9%), one Kaposi's sarcoma (0.8%), and one metastatic cancer (0.8%). Tumours developed more commonly in the lower (37.0%) than the upper eyelid (33.9%). The clinical accuracy in predicting eyelid malignancy was 90.5%. Primary treatment modality was mainly surgical excision. The recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rates at 5 years were 15.2, 11.7, and 7.3%, respectively, for all eyelid malignancies. Rates of sebaceous gland carcinoma recurrence, metastasis, and mortality were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of basal cell carcinoma. The mean interval of recurrence or metastasis after primary treatment was 26.3 months (range 4-112) for all eyelid cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Although basal cell carcinoma is the most common eyelid cancer in Taiwan, sebaceous gland carcinoma is also common. Of the two, basal cell carcinoma has a better prognosis and sebaceous gland carcinoma has a higher mortality and therefore should be treated much more aggressively. Long-term follow-up is needed after treatment of malignant eyelid tumours.     

Treatment options and future prospects for the management of eyelid malignancies: an evidence-based update.

PURPOSE: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for treatment options and future prospects for the management of common malignant eyelid tumors, including global ratings for the strength of published evidence supporting them. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Approximately 5% to 10% of all skin cancers occur in the eyelid. Incidence studies indicate that basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant eyelid tumor, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Many therapeutic methods have been suggested to combat the morbidity and mortality associated with these lesions. LITERATURE REVIEWED: A MEDLINE and PubMed literature search (1966-1999) was conducted for English language abstracts and appropriate (selected) full-text references retrieved regarding treatment of malignant eyelid tumors. These sources then were used to prepare recommendations for patient care. Each recommendation was rated according to: (1) its importance in the care process and (2) the strength of evidence supporting the given recommendation. RESULTS: All recommendations were rated as level A (very important to patient-care outcome). For basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and sebaceous gland carcinoma, the published evidence supporting two recommendations (Mohs' micrographic surgery or excision with frozen-section control) were graded as I (providing strong evidence in support of a recommendation). For sebaceous gland carcinoma, the recommendations also included conjunctival map biopsies. The published evidence supporting all other recommendations for these three eyelid tumors were graded II (substantial evidence in support of a recommendation), primarily because of the small numbers of patients in each clinical study. For malignant melanoma, the recommendation for therapy (i.e., excision with variable margins depending on tumor thickness) was based on published papers individually variably rated as I, II, and III, reflecting ongoing debate as to the best method of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Published reports regarding the treatment of malignant eyelid tumors include a myriad of treatment options. The strongest evidence favors complete surgical removal using histologic controls for verifying tumor-free margins of excision.     

Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of patients with malignant eyelid tumors in an incidence cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with malignant eyelid tumors in an incidence cohort. DESIGN: Cohort series. PARTICIPANTS: A computerized retrieval system was used to identify all patients residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had a newly diagnosed malignant eyelid tumor during the 15-year interval from 1976 through 1990. The patients' medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. INTERVENTION: Surgical excision with frozen-section histopathologic analysis, Mohs' micrographic excision, and electrodesiccation and curettage were the primary methods of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survivorship free of tumor. RESULTS: The incidence cohort included 174 patients who each had 1 tumor; men and women were equally affected, and all patients were white. Tumors developed most commonly on the lower eyelid (n = 85; 48.9%) and in the medial canthal region (n = 48; 27.6%) but involved the right and left sides with equal frequency. Of the 174 tumors, 158 were basal cell carcinomas (90.8%), 15 were squamous cell carcinomas (8.6%), and 1 (0.6%) was a malignant melanoma. The age- and gender-adjusted incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma were 14.35, 1.37, and 0.08 per 100,000 individuals per year, respectively. No cases of sebaceous gland carcinoma were identified. The 5- and 10-year recurrence rates for all tumors on the eyelid were 2% and 3%, respectively. The probability of an unrelated malignancy developing elsewhere in the body was approximately 9% at 5 years and 15% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant eyelid tumor in whites. The lower eyelid and medial canthus are the most frequent sites of origin. Men and women are equally affected. Recurrence after surgical excision is uncommon.     

Clinicopathological Analysis of Malignant Eyelid Tumor Cases at Yamagata University Hospital: Statistical Comparison of Tumor Incidence in Japan and in Other Countries

Purpose

To report the clinical and histopathological features of malignant eyelid tumor cases treated in our clinic. We also compared the differences in the frequency of malignant eyelid tumor in various regions of Japan and worldwide.

Methods

Retrospectively, we studied the records of the 38 cases of malignant eyelid tumor treated in Yamagata University Hospital over the last 17 years. The statistical comparison with various countries was based on reports of case studies in those countries.

Results

Data from our clinic: Among the total of 38 cases, 15 cases (39.5%) were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, 11 cases (28.9%) as sebaceous gland carcinoma, and 4 cases (10.5%) as squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, three cases were malignant melanoma, two adenocarcinoma, one Merkel cell carcinoma, one malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and one malignant lymphoma. The ages of patients ranged from 45 to 92 years (mean, 72.0 ± 12.4 years). Most of the cases were treated by complete resection of the tumors and eyelid reconstruction. Radiation or cryotherapy were added when required. The prognosis of the cases with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was good, and that of the other tumors was relatively poor. During the same period, in Caucasians, basal cell carcinoma constituted about 80%–90% of the malignant eyelid tumors, whereas in Japan and Asian countries, basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma each constituted about 20%–40%.

Conclusions

A racial difference in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma can be considered in making a diagnosis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:349–354 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005