Aflibercept Treatment for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Refractory to Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Purpose

To report the results of switching treatment to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap-Eye (aflibercept) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to anti-VEGF (ranibizumab and bevacizumab).

Methods

This is a retrospective study involving 32 eyes from 29 patients; 18 were cases of neovascular AMD and 14 were cases of PCV. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated.

Results

BCVA and CMT improved from 0.58 to 0.55 (p = 0.005) and from 404 to 321 µm (p < 0.001), respectively, after switching to aflibercept. The 14 eyes that received 6 or more aflibercept injections remained stable at 0.81 to 0.81 and 321 to 327 µm (p = 1.0, 0.29), respectively, after 3 aflibercept injections. The 10 eyes that received 3 or more bevacizumab injections after 3 or more aflibercept injections worsened, from 0.44 to 0.47 and from 332 to 346 µm (p = 0.06, 0.05), respectively. The results showed similar improvement of BCVA and CMT in neovascular AMD and PCV.

Conclusions

Aflibercept seems to be effective for improvement and maintenance of BCVA and CMT for neovascular AMD and PCV refractory to anti-VEGF. Switching from aflibercept back to bevacizumab treatment may not be a proper strategy.     

Aflibercept for diabetic macular oedema: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of aflibercept for treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). METHODS: A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) versus another treatment. Primary outcome measures were proportion of patients with at least 15 letters of gain or loss on a logMAR visual acuity chart, and change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) from baseline. Safety outcomes were rates of death, thromboembolic events and any systemic or ocular serious adverse events. The final search was performed on November 2017. RESULTS: Four RCTs were included. Only one trial compared efficacy and safety of aflibercept with bevacizumab and ranibizumab over 1 or 2y. Three trials were included for Meta-analysis comprising 661 patients (331 in the aflibercept, and 330 in the photocoagulation group). Aflibercept was more efficacious compared to photocoagulation in the proportion of patients with at least 15 letters of improvement and worsening, and in improvement of BCVA and reduction in CMT at 1 or 2y. The safety estimates at 1 or 2y did not differ statistically. CONCLUSION: Aflibercept offers superior benefits over photocoagulation in improving and preserving vision, with no differences in safety. Further comparative effectiveness trials between aflibercept and other anti-VEGF agents will aid ophthalmologists in treatment decisions.     

玻璃体切除术治疗息肉样脉络膜血管病变继发玻璃体积血的疗效及影响因素

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术（pars plana vitrectomy，PPV）治疗息肉样脉络膜血管病变（polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ，PCV）继发玻璃体积血（vitreous hemorrhage，VH）的疗效以及影响视力预后的相关因素。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2012年至2020年北京同仁医院因PCV继发VH接受PPV手术治疗的患者294例（294眼）。方法 回顾分析患者一般资料、既往病史、手术方式及填充物和视力预后。采用Logistic回归分析视力预后的相关因素。平均随访时间（中位数）为120天（90~750天）。主要指标 最佳矫正视力（best-corrected visual acuity，BCVA）、术前是否应用抗血管内皮生长因子药物、手术时长、术中是否发现视网膜裂孔、是否行视网膜切开、术毕不同眼内填充物。 结果 患者术前平均BCVA （logMAR）为（2.22±0.47）（0.3~2.9），末次随访时为（1.66±0.64）（0.1~1.85），较术前提高（P<0.0001）。糖尿病与较差的视力预后相关（P=0.0375）。未应用抗VEGF治疗者术中发现视网膜裂孔及术毕惰性气体或硅油填充的比例更高（P=0.043）。填充惰性气体或硅油者与填充平衡盐溶液（balanced salt solution, BSS）或空气者相比，术前接受抗VEGF治疗的比例（27.50%、48.03%）、术前形成玻璃体后脱离（posterior vitreous detachment, PVD）的比例（27.50%、53.94%）较低（P=0.0150，0.005）；术中发现视网膜裂孔的比例（50.00%、1.97%）和进行视网膜切开的比例（30.00%、0.00%）较高（P均<0.0001）；手术时间明显延长（102.33±58.78分钟、50.7±22.16分钟，P<0.0001），术后视力较差（1.86±0.62 logMAR、1.63±0.64 logMAR，P=0.0352）。结论 PPV治疗PCV继发VH可在一定程度上稳定和改善患者视功能；术前抗VEGF治疗对于降低术中并发症，减少硅油填充比例，改善患者视力预后起重要作用。（眼科，2022, 31： 181-187）     

Combined therapy versus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus anti-VEGF monotherapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS: We conducted a Meta-analysis of 9 studies to compare the efficacy and safety between combined therapy and anti-VEGF monotherapy for PCV. The programs of RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to analyze data. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in combined therapy group were significantly better than those of anti-VEGF monotherapy group at 6, 24 and 36mo, with pooled weighted means differences (WMDs) of 0.12 (0.06, 0.18), 0.25 (0.12, 0.38) and 0.28 (0.13, 0.43), respectively. The central retinal thickness (CRT) reductions in combined therapy group were higher than that in anti-VEGF monotherapy group at 1, 3, 6 and 9mo, with pooled WMDs of 63.90 (20.41, 107.38), 33.47 (4.69, 62.24), 30.57 (0.12, 60.01) and 28.00 (2.51, 53.49), respectively. The regression rate of polyps in combined therapy group was much higher than that in anti-VEGF monotherapy group [RD: 0.47 (0.26, 0.68); P<0.0001]. The adverse event retinal hemorrhage did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings clearly document that anti-VEGF combined with PDT is a more effective therapy for PCV compared with anti-VEGF monotherapy. Furthermore, combined therapy does not increase the incidence of retinal hemorrhage.     

A comparison of responses to intravitreal bevacizumab,ranibizumab, or aflibercept injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose

To compare the responses of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

This retrospective study examined 232 eyes of 232 patients who received intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections due to treatment-naïve nAMD. All patients, who were followed-up for at least 1 year, were treated with intravitreal injections monthly until 3 months, and then as needed. We evaluated the effects of intravitreal injections for treatment of nAMD using the central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) size, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results

CMT, SRF, PED size, and BCVA (LogMAR) were significantly decreased after treatment with all three anti-VEGF agents. Overall, the bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept treatments showed no significant differences in their responses. However, the aflibercept injections decreased PED size more quickly than bevacizumab injections (P = 0.034).

Conclusions

Bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept injections are effective treatments for nAMD and have similar responses, although the number of injections of aflibercept was fewer than other anti-VEGF agents. In addition, aflibercept injections may be a better choice than other anti-VEGF agents for cases of severe increases in PED height.

     

Prognostic factors after aflibercept therapy for typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Purpose

To determine factors predictive of visual outcomes in eyes treated with intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs) for typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Study design

Retrospective, multicenter, institutional, consecutive, interventional case series.

Methods

One hundred nine eyes (107 patients) with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD at 3 university hospitals were studied. After a loading phase of 3 monthly 2.0-mg IAIs, injections were administered every 2 months. The baseline clinical characteristics were investigated in relation to the 12-month visual outcomes. Changes in the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at 12 months after initiation of aflibercept therapy.

Results

Forty-five eyes (41.3%) had typical neovascular AMD, and 64 eyes (58.7%) had PCV. The changes in the mean BCVA at 12 months compared with baseline did not differ significantly (P = .737) between the 2 groups. Stepwise analysis showed that larger gains in the BCVA at 12 months were associated with poor BCVA (P < .001), no pigment epithelial detachment (P = .004), and subretinal fluid (P = .039) at baseline in eyes with typical neovascular AMD; larger gains in the BCVA were associated with poorer BCVA (P < .001), presence of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) (P = .013), and subretinal fluid (P = .044) at baseline in eyes with PCV.

Conclusions

Although poorer BCVA and the presence of subretinal fluid predicted larger gains in BCVA in both subtypes treated with aflibercept, eyes with typical neovascular AMD had greater improvement if no pigment epithelial detachment was present, while eyes with PCV had greater improvement if CVH was present.

     

25G玻璃体切割术联合不同抗VEGF药物治疗PDR的疗效比较

目的：探讨25G玻璃体切割术联合不同抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者的效果观察。

方法：选择2018-07/2020-07本院收治的PDR患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行25G玻璃体切割术,术前7d给予抗VEGF药物,根据治疗方法分为雷珠单抗组(31例31眼)、康柏西普组(30例30眼)、阿柏西普组(29例29眼)。于玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物前及行玻璃体切割术时采集房水检测VEGF、色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)水平,于术前及术后3、6mo时测定最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)。

结果：各组患者玻璃体腔注药后房水VEGF水平显著降低(P<0.05),PEDF水平升高(P<0.05),三组组间比较均无差异(P>0.05)。三组手术时间、术中出血、医源性裂孔发生情况比较均无差异(P>0.05)。三组患者术后3、6mo时BCVA显著优于术前(P<0.05),CMT显著低于术前(P<0.05),三组组间比较均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：PDR患者玻璃体切割术前玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物可降低房水内血管相关因子的表达; 雷珠单抗、康柏西普、阿柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗PDR的临床疗效及安全性相当。     

Versorgung von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration in Deutschland

In neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) successful treatment outcome depends on regular intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF). Several observational trials on the use of ranibizumab in the clinical routine demonstrated a low injection frequency, a low number of ophthalmic reviews which included optical coherence tomography, and suboptimal treatment outcomes in Germany. To date it remains unclear whether the use of ranibizumab reflects the use of all anti-VEGF agents including aflibercept and bevacizumab in the clinical routine in Germany. However, based on available data, treatment provision and outcomes seem to be suboptimal, in particular for elderly patients with NVAMD. As poorly treated NVAMD carries a high risk of loss of vision and ultimately blindness, service provision and treatment outcomes need to be improved.     

Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept: A Comprehensive Review

Background: Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 50 in the United States of America. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is sight-threatening, but can be treated by three currently utilized, intravitreally administered drugs: aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. Ziv-aflibercept is an analogue of aflibercept, containing the same active molecule in a different buffer solution, and its recent availability has prompted numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials addressing its viability for intraocular use, summarized herein.

Results: Trial outcomes demonstrate that ziv-aflibercept has a similar safety profile to other indicated drugs with effective maintenance or improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reduction of retinal fluid or central foveal thickness (CFT). Clinical trials of ziv-aflibercept in other neovascular disorders such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have shown similar results.

Conclusion: Further prospective, randomized studies of ziv-aflibercept are needed, particularly in eyes with nAMD.     

Fixed bimonthly aflibercept in naïve and switched neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients: one year outcomes

AIM: To determine real life clinical outcomes in poorly responsive and treatment-naïve neovascular age related macular degeneration (nvAMD) patients using bimonthly fixed dosing aflibercept regimen. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 165 eyes with nvAMD started on aflibercept at Southampton Eye Unit between June 2013 and June 2014. Patients were either switched from pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab/bevacizumab due to poor response (107 eyes), or treatment-naïve (58 eyes). Patients initially received 3-monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections followed by 2-monthly fixed doses. Clinic visits were scheduled at month 0, 4, 10 and 12. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The proportion of patients maintaining BCVA (<15 letters loss) at 12mo was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean BCVA change at month 12 was +3.29 and +4.67 letters in the switched and naïve aflibercept groups respectively (P<0.01). BCVA was maintained in 95.3% of switched and 96.6% of naïve patients. CRT at month 12 showed a decrease of -6.16 µm in the switched group and -35.36 µm in the naïve group (P<0.01). Patients previously treated with ranibizumab/bevacizumab had on average received 7.4 ranibizumab/bevacizumab injections over 12.6mo, attending 10 clinic visits. The fixed dosing aflibercept regimen required an average of 7.1 injections (naïve group), 7.5 injections (switched group) and 4 clinic visits per year. CONCLUSION: Fixed bimonthly aflibercept is effective in both treatment-naïve and poorly responsive nvAMD patients. Adopting a fixed dosing regimen can reduce patient burden without compromising on outcomes.     

Switching between anti-VEGF agents in the management of refractory diabetic macular edema: A systematic review

Refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) to monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy has a prevalence of approximately 40% in landmark clinical trials. Options for these patients include use of intravitreal steroids, focal laser, or switching to an alternative anti-VEGF agent. We summarize the key conclusions from studies analyzing the efficacy of switching anti-VEGF agents for refractory DME. Twenty-four studies were included in analysis. The most common definitions of refractory in the included studies were a central retinal thickness (CRT) greater than 300μm or a reduction in CRT less than 10% after at least 3-6 prior anti-VEGF injections. Switching to intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) from either intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or bevacizumab (IVB) is associated with moderate to significant improvement in central subfield thickness and may be an appropriate choice for patients with refractory DME. The improvement in retinal thickness and edema is typically seen after the first 3 injections of IVA post-switch. Switching to IVR has also demonstrated improvement in CRT at 3–6 months post switch in large sample population studies. Future studies are required to elucidate the ideal time point for a switch in anti-VEGF agent or which patients would benefit from this change.     

糖尿病黄斑水肿OCT中高反射灶与视力预后的关系

目的 分析糖尿病黄斑水肿患者相干光断层扫描（OCT）中不同位置的高反射灶是否与视力预后相关,并观察抗VEGF治疗后OCT中高反射灶的变化情况。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2013年2月至2016年8月糖尿病黄斑水肿经抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）治疗的患者28例。方法  所有入选病例在基线及末次访视时,均行最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜、彩色眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影及OCT检查。采用Heidelberg Spectralis OCT获得通过中心凹的黄斑区OCT图像,计数所扫范围内97幅B扫描中视网膜各层和玻璃体腔所有高反射灶的数量。平均随访（4.96±1.37）个月。分析不同位置高反射灶数量与视力预后的相关性。主要指标 基线及末次随访的最佳矫正视力、中心视网膜厚度、视网膜各层高反射灶的数量、所扫玻璃体腔高反射灶数量与所扫玻璃体腔总面积的比值（RATIO）。结果 内层视网膜中高反射灶数量为（156.00±118.76）个,外层视网膜为（3.79±5.25）个,RATIO为0.05±0.06。28眼（100%）均能在内层视网膜见到高反射灶,17眼（60.71%）在外层视网膜可见高反射灶。末次随访视力与基线期外层视网膜中高反射灶的数量呈明显的负相关（r=-0.506, P=0.006）,与RATIO也呈负相关（r=0.462, P=0.013）,而与内层视网膜中高反射灶的数量不相关（r=-0.163, P=0.408）。经抗VEGF治疗后内层视网膜及外层视网膜中高反射灶的数量均明显减少,而RATIO无明显变化。结论 在经抗VEGF治疗的糖尿病黄斑水肿中,外层视网膜高反射灶的数量与视力预后呈明显负相关,而内层视网膜内高反射灶数量则与视力预后不相关。     

Comparison of intravitreal aflibercept and dexamethasone implant in the treatment of macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept with dexamethasone implant in the treatment of macular edema (ME) associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS: A comprehensive search of studies comparing dexamethasone and aflibercept in patients with ME was conducted at PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the beginning of library to April 16, 2021. Extracting the data including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), number of injections and serious adverse events (SAEs) from the final qualified articles. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis of the included studies. RESULTS: Totally 7 studies with 369 eyes were included. The causes of ME in the final screening study included RVO and DR. Compared with the aflibercept treatment group, the BCVA of the dexamethasone implant treatment group showed no significant difference in the follow-up for 3mo [mean difference (MD): -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.11, 0.02; P=0.17] and 12mo (MD: -0.01, 95%CI: -0.38, 0.37; P=0.98), but it was slightly worse than the aflibercept group at 6mo (MD: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.21; P=0.008). In terms of CRT reduction, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 3mo (MD: -28.14, 95%CI: -79.95, 23.67; P=0.29), 6mo (MD: 27.67, 95%CI: -84.89, 140.24; P=0.63), and 12mo (MD: -59.00, 95%CI: -127.37,9.37; P=0.09). However, dexamethasone implant had fewer injections, but more adverse events such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of aflibercept and dexamethasone implant can both effectively increase BCVA and reduce CRT. Compared with aflibercept, dexamethasone implant is not inferior in improving vision and reducing CRT in the initial treatment period (3mo) and long-term treatment period (12mo). Besides, it has fewer injections and more likely to cause elevated IOP and cataract.     

地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物治疗视网膜静脉阻塞

目的：比较地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物与抗VEGF药物单药治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)的疗效和安全性。

方法：选取2019-06/2020-12在厦门大学附属厦门眼科中心确诊为视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)或视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)继发黄斑水肿的患者133例133眼,其中CRVO-ME患者48眼,BRVO-ME患者85眼。将纳入患者随机分组,其中单药治疗组66眼接受每月注射康柏西普1次,连续3mo,之后每月复诊; 联合治疗组67眼接受地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂注射1次,1wk后注射康柏西普1次,之后每月复诊。随访6mo,观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和中央视网膜厚度(CRT)改善情况,记录康柏西普注射次数及与玻璃体腔注射治疗相关的眼部及全身不良事件发生情况。

结果：治疗后1、2、3、6mo,两组患者BCVA和CRT均较治疗前显著改善,但两组间BCVA和CRT改善程度均无差异(P>0.05)。首次玻璃体腔注射至治疗6mo时,单药治疗组和联合治疗组康柏西普玻璃体腔注射次数分别为3.56±0.12、2.96±0.17次,联合治疗组注射次数显著低于单药治疗组(P=0.004)。随访期间,联合治疗组高眼压和白内障发生率均高于单药治疗组。

结论：地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物是治疗RVO-ME的有效方法,可显著改善视力,降低CRT,该治疗方案可在减少抗VEGF药物注射次数的同时达到与抗VEGF药物单药治疗相似的疗效,但需要监控眼压变化及白内障进展情况。     

Formación atípica de agujero macular después de terapia Anti-VEGF para la degeneración macular asociada a la edad: ¿coincidencia o consecuencia?

Introduction and objectivesAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries, particularly in older adults. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection is the current standard treatment for neovascular form of AMD. Studies reporting macular hole (MH) formation following anti-VEGF treatment are limited, and the exact pathogenesis is still under discussion.With the present study, we aim to analyse the clinical features of eyes developing MH after anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD.Materials and methodsPatients were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents for at least one year and stable for at least six months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography findings were evaluated.ResultsNineteen eyes of 18 patients were included in this study. Patients had an average age of 77.7 years at first visit and eight were female. The average number of injections before the MH formation was four. MH developed after a mean follow-up of 5.1 months after the last injection. Sixteen eyes had (84.2%) had choroidal neovascular membrane without any abnormal vitreomacular traction. Eleven eyes (57.8%) had retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED), two (10.5%) had an epiretinal membrane (ERM), and one (5.2%) had retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear. The mean first and last BCVA was 1.07 ± 0.48 LogMAR (0.3-1.8) and 1.16 ± 0.38 logMAR (0.4-1.8), respectively.ConclusionsA macular hole can be observed in AMD patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy. Increased fibrovascular scar tissue due to subretinal fluid resolution, neovascular membrane contraction, and the presence of PED, RPE tear, and ERM may contribute to MH formation.     

阿柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的：比较阿柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的疗效。

方法：前瞻性随机对照试验。纳入2020-06/2021-09于我院确诊的非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变合并DME的患者35例60眼,均采用3+PRN方案行玻璃体腔注射治疗,其中17例30眼接受阿柏西普治疗(阿柏西普组),18例30眼接受雷珠单抗治疗(雷珠单抗组)。随访12mo,观察两组患者中心凹厚度(CMT)和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)情况,记录玻璃体腔注射次数和并发症发生情况。

结果：治疗后1、3、6、12mo,阿柏西普组CMT和BCVA均明显优于雷珠单抗组(均P<0.001)。随访期间,阿柏西普组玻璃体腔注射次数少于雷珠单抗组(4.23±0.86次 vs 6.40±0.97次,P<0.05),两组患者均未出现药物相关不良反应、眼内感染、血管栓塞等严重并发症。

结论：阿柏西普和雷珠单抗治疗DME均具有明确的疗效和安全性,相较于雷珠单抗,阿柏西普可能是DME患者更有效和方便的治疗选择。     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）治疗后1年的视力预后与基线特征的相关性分析

目的　分析息肉状脉络膜血管病变（polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,PCV）经过连续3个月的每月抗血管内皮生长因子（vescular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）治疗后 1 a 的视力预后与基线特征的相关性。方法　回顾性队列研究。收集2015年7月至2016年12月于我院就诊的PCV患者44例（44眼）,所有患者在基线时均行最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity,BCVA）、眼压、眼底检查以及光学相干断层扫描、眼底荧光素血管造影和吲哚青绿血管造影检查。所有患者在确诊后均行连续3个月的每月1次抗VEGF（包括雷珠单抗和康柏西普）注射,随后按需治疗,记录第1次抗VEGF治疗后随访1 a的BCVA并与基线BCVA比较,依据BCVA变化分为BCVA提高组和未提高组,单因素和Logistic回归分析BCVA预后与基线特征的相关性。结果　单因素分析结果显示,BCVA提高组比BCVA未提高组具有较短的发病时间、较小的病灶最大线性尺寸（P=0.045、0.037）。Logistic回归结果显示,脉络膜高渗透性和病灶最大线性尺寸是视力预后的独立相关因素（回归系数为0.963和0.001;P=0.010、0.012;比值比为0.083和1.002;95%的可信区间为0.013~0.549和1.001~1.004 μm）。结论　合并脉络膜血管高渗透性可能是经抗VEGF治疗的PCV患眼视力预后不佳的预测指标,同时病灶的最大线性尺寸和发病时间也与PCV经抗VEGF治疗后的BCVA预后相关。     

抗血管内皮生长因子治疗前后脉络膜新生血管的光学相干断层扫描血管成像分析

目的　应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA)观察抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗后不同类型脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization,CNV）的应答反应，分析应答差异及CNV的特征。方法　收集我院经荧光素眼底血管造影联合吲哚菁绿血管造影确诊为CNV的患者52例（55眼），所有患眼在治疗前及随访中均行最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity，BCVA)、眼底及OCTA检查。一方面按照CNV病因分组，观察不同病因CNV治疗后BCVA及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的差异；另一方面按照CNV形态及视网膜层间有无积液分组，观察各组治疗前后BCVA及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的差异。结果　年龄相关性黄斑变性并发CNV、特发性CNV治疗前后BCVA及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较治疗前明显改善，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；病理性近视合并CNV及脉络膜炎合并CNV治疗前后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。CNV血管粗大且视网膜层间有积液组及CNV血管细小且视网膜层间有积液组治疗前后BCVA、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均有明显改善，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；CNV血管粗大且视网膜层间无积液组治疗前后BCVA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　不同类型的CNV对抗VEGF治疗的应答存在差异，CNV的形态学特征一定程度上能够反映新生血管的活动性及成熟性，有助于预测抗VEGF治疗的应答反应。     

Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, oral glucocorticoids, and laser photocoagulation combination therapy for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: preliminary report

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, oral glucocorticoid, and laser photocoagulation therapy for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS: This study included 16 eyes of 16 patients with RVO-associated ME. Patients were initially treated with oral prednisone and an intravitreal anti-VEGF agent. Two weeks later, patients underwent standard laser photocoagulation. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and retinal vessel oxygenation were examined over 12mo. RESULTS: Patients received 1.43±0.81 anti-VEGF injections. Mean baseline and 12-month logMAR BCVA were 0.96±0.51 (20/178) and 0.31±0.88 (20/40), respectively, in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (P<0.00), and 1.02±0.45 (20/209) and 0.60±0.49 (20/80), respectively, in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (P<0.00). At 12mo, CRT had significantly decreased in eyes with CRVO (P<0.00) and BRVO (P<0.00). Venous oxygen saturation had significantly increased in eyes with CRVO (P<0.00) and BRVO (P<0.00). No examined parameters were significantly different between the 2 RVO groups. No serious adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Anti-VEGF, glucocorticoid, and photocoagulation combination therapy improves visual outcome, prolongs therapeutic effect, and reduces the number of intravitreal injections in eyes with RVO-associated ME.     

康柏西普玻璃体内重复注射治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变疗效及相关因素分析

目的　观察康柏西普玻璃体内重复注射治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变（polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy，PCV）随访24个月的疗效及第13~24个月需要进行重复注射的相关因素。方法　回顾性研究。将临床确诊为PCV的35例35眼患者纳入研究，所有患者均行最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影、吲哚菁绿血管造影和光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）检查。所有患眼均采用每月注射1次、连续注射3个月后按需治疗的方案行康柏西普玻璃体内注射治疗。随访时间均在24个月以上。治疗后 1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、24个月重复行BCVA及OCT检查；治疗后 3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、24个月重复行荧光素眼底血管造影及吲哚菁绿血管造影检查。对比治疗前后BCVA、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度及浆液性视网膜脱离（serous retinal detachment，SRD）、息肉消退的变化，并分析随访第13～24个月需要进行重复注射的相关因素。结果　治疗后 1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月、24个月患眼BCVA均较治疗前有不同程度提高，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度较治疗前有不同程度下降，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示，基线视网膜色素上皮脱离是第13～24个月需要进行重复注射的独立相关因素（P=0.042）,治疗后6个月、9个月、12个月 SRD与第13～24个月需要重复注射相关（P=0.043、0.023、0.012）。结论　康柏西普玻璃体内重复注射治疗PCV随访24个月能稳定或提高视力，基线视网膜色素上皮脱离和治疗后6个月、9个月、12个月SRD是第13～24个月需要进行重复注射的相关因素。