健康体检人群食物不耐受的流行现状及相关因素研究

目的探讨健康体检人群食物不耐受的流行现状及相关影响因素。方法采用酶联免疫法检测863例健康体检者血清中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体,并进行分级,同时测量体检者的身高、体重、血压等指标。结果本地区体检人群14种食物不耐受总体阳性率为73％,位于前5位的不耐受种类分别是螃蟹（40．1％）,鸡蛋（29．8％）,鳕鱼（21．6％）,牛奶（20．0％）和虾（14．4％）。女性的食物不耐受阳性率（81．1％）明显高于男性（69．1％）。牛奶、大豆在不同年龄组人群中的不耐受发生率不同且差异有统计学意义,其他食物的不耐受率在不同年龄组间无显著差异。BMI、收缩压和舒张压与14种食物的特异性IgG抗体浓度间无明显相关性。logistic回归分析显示,女性发生食物不耐受的危险度是男性的1．76倍（95％C1为1．190～2．607）。结论14种食物不耐受的发生率较高,女性发生不耐受的危险高于男性。建议在体检人群中开展食物特异性IgG抗体的检测,及时明确不耐受食物,以早期预防和诊治因食物不耐受引起的各种疾病和症状。     

食物不耐受流行现状及其相关因素的横断面调查

目的 探讨居民食物不耐受流行情况及相关影响因素.方法 选取2008年8月至2009年6月某综合医院健康医学中心第一次查体进行食物不耐受项目检测的全部健康体检者(12 766人),应用非条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 排名前三位的食物不耐受种类分别为鸡蛋、蟹和牛奶,其阳性率分别为28.5%、24.5%和24.5%.食物不耐受发生率随年龄的增加有增高趋势(P＜0.05),女性发生率(67.3%)显著高于男性(56.2%),P＜0.05.食物不耐受不同分级、不同种类与年龄和性别间存在相关关系(P＜0.05),其中食物不耐受不同分级与年龄分组间x2=19.555(P=0.021),与性别间x2=208.406(P=0.000);食物不耐受种类与年龄分组间x2=81.796(P=0.000),与性别间x2=132.068(P=0.000).logistic回归分析结果显示,与≤40岁组比较,41～50岁组、51～60岁组和＞60岁组OR值(95%CI)分别为1.125(1.027～1.233)、1.307(1.176～1.452)和1.536(1.275～1.849);与男性比较,女性OR值(95%CI)为1.602(1.475～1.741).与正常体重者比较,体重过轻者OR值(95%CI)为1.772(1.207～2.602).结论 食物不耐受与年龄、性别和体重指数相关,健康教育应针对其年龄和性别分布特点进行,保持适宜体重水平可以减少食物不耐受发生的风险.

Abstract：

Objective To study the prevalence of food intolerance among attendants in a general hospital and to learn its related determinants in Beijing,China.Methods An cross sectional survey,from August 1st,2008 to June 30th,2009,was carried out,including 12 766 adults from Health Sciences Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital.Data for epidemiological analysis were entered (double entry) into computer and organized by EpiData 3.0.Non-conditional logistic regression model was used for odd ratio (OR) and 95%CI calculation,with statistic analysis through SPSS 13.0.Results The three leading intolerance food items were egg,crab and milk,and the prevalence rates were 28.5%,24.5% and 24.5% respectively.Prevalence of food intolerance increased along with aging.Levels and the kinds of food intolerance were associated with age,sex and appeared a linear correlation tendency (P＜0.05).Prevalence of food intolerance in females (67.3%) was higher than that in males (56.2%).Data from multiple regression analysis showed that,comparing with age group under 40 and 40 years,the OR(95%CI) of age group 41-50,51-60,and above 60 were 1.125(1.027-1.233),1.307(l.176-1.452)and 1.536(1.275-1.849)respectively.Compared to males,the OR (95% CI) of females was 1.602 (1.475-1.741).When compared with normal weights,the OR (95%CI) of people with low weight was 1.772 (1.207-2.602).Conclusion Food intolerance was associated with age,sex and body mass index.Health education should be carried out according to the related characteristics of age and sex.Suggesting that reducing the risk of food intolerance,keeping the suitable weight was necessary.     

脂肪肝与其相关因素的logistic回归分析

[目的]探讨健康体检人群中脂肪肝的危险因素,为疾病的预防和治疗提供依据.[方法]对2006年1220名健康体检者的肝脏超声检查资料和其他相关资料进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析.[结果]单因素分析显示,脂肪肝与性别、年龄、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、血糖、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、胆结石、吸烟、饮酒相关(P<0.05).经多因素回归分析,脂肪肝危险因素依次为:TG (OR: 10.538)、BMI (OR: 5.333)、糖尿病(OR: 3.590)、高血压(OR: 2.620)、TC(OR: 1.922)、吸烟(OR: 1.892).[结论]脂肪肝的患病率与TG、BMI、糖尿病、高血压、TC、吸烟密切相关,可作为预防和治疗脂肪肝的依据.     

健康体检人群食物不耐受的流行现状及相关因素研究

目的总结健康体检人群食物不耐受的流行趋势,并探讨和分析其相关因素。方法选择自2017年1月至2020年1月在我院的230例体检者作为研究对象,采用ELISA法对其血清14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体进行检测,统计体检者血清特异性IgG抗体阳性率(即食物不耐受发生率),并对比不同性别、年龄患者的食物不耐受发生情况。结果共有133例体检者血清特异性IgG抗体检测呈阳性,阳性率为57.83%,其中,排名前三位的食物为螃蟹、鸡蛋、虾,阳性率分别为13.04%、7.39%、6.09%;女性体检者IgG抗体水平显著高于男性,组间对比具有统计学意义(P0.05);60岁以上体检者IgG抗体水平41-60岁体检者20-40岁体检者20岁以下体检者,各组间对比具有统计学意义(P0.05);经Logistic回归分析可知,年龄、性别是引发健康体检人群发生食物不耐受的相关影响因素。结论健康人群也易发生食物不耐受,以螃蟹、鸡蛋、虾食物不耐受发生率居高,通过采用ELISA法对其行血清特异性IgG抗体检测,可判断不耐受的食物种类和发病病因,从而有助于指导在临床上对患者尽早采取有效的治疗方案,另外,食物不耐受发病与女性、年龄有关,提示应对女性、老年人群行血清特异性IgG抗体检测,才能尽早发现食物不耐受发病情况。     

健康体检人群空腹血糖水平升高影响因素分析

目的探讨北京地区健康体检人群空腹血糖(FBG)水平升高的影响因素。方法收集2016年北京市体检中心所有健康体检人群的身高、体重、FBG、年龄、性别等数据。按FBG水平6.1 mmol/L为界分为FBG正常组和FBG升高组,以体质量指数(BMI)、年龄和性别分层,分析北京地区健康体检人群FBG升高的影响因素。按年龄分组为18～29岁组、30～39岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组、60～69岁组、70～79岁组和80岁以上组,按性别分为男性组和女性组,按质量指数分为体重过低组、体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组。结果 2016年,北京市健康体检人群总体FBG升高检出率为9.37%。FBG升高组人群的年龄、血糖水平和质量指数的水平均明显高于FBG水平正常组(P<0.001)。经logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、性别和BMI均为FBG水平升高的影响因素,OR值分别为1.062 (95%CI 1.060～1.064)、1.795 (95%CI 1.681～1.916)和1.189 (95%CI 1.179～1.198)。分层分析结果显示,年龄越大FBG水平升高风险越高,男性FBG升高的风险高于女性,BMI越大FBG水平升高风险越高(P<0.001)。结论年龄、性别和BMI均为健康体检人群FBG水平升高的影响因素。     

北京市2080名社区人群不同性别微量白蛋白尿患病率及相关因素研究

目的 研究微量白蛋白尿(MAU)患病率、相关因素及其性别间差异,为减少心血管病并发症和肾病进展的发生提供依据.方法 在北京市4个社区随机抽取2080名(男性810名,女性1270名)研究对象,平均年龄(50.87±13.10)岁;检测尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR);对可能与MAU有关的因素分别进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析.结果 2080名受试者中MAU患病率为17.50%,其中女性为18.82%,男性为15.43%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).logistic回归分析显示:年龄(OR=1.02)、收缩压(OR=1.02)、血清肌酐(OR=1.04)是男性MAU的独立危险因素;在女性,年龄(OR=1.04)、收缩压(OR=1.02)、血清肌酐(OR=1.08)、体重指数(OR=1.07)、总胆固醇(OR=2.05)是MAU的危险因素,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=0.44)是MAU的保护因素.结论 该社区人群MAU患病率高于以往国内外报道,其中女性MAU患病率高于男性(P＜0.05),不同性别间MAU的相关因素有差异.     

健康体检者2962例14种食物不耐受分析

目的了解在我院体检的2962例健康体检者14种食物不耐受敏感度的现状。方法2008年1月至2010年6月在我院体检中心进行食物不耐受成年体检者的2962例血清标本。采用酶联免疫方法（ELISA）检测人血清中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体。用t检验对所获得的数据进行了分析。结果在14种食物中,不耐受率为0．4％（蘑菇）～38．0％（鸡蛋）。鸡蛋、螃蟹、虾、牛奶、鳕鱼不耐受阳性率高（鸡蛋32．5％、螃蟹26．0％、虾19．8％、牛奶13．8％、鳕鱼12．0％）。小麦、猪肉、蘑菇的不耐受阳性率低（小麦0．8％、猪肉0．4％、蘑菇1．4％）。女性不耐受阳性率高于男性（女性9．4〉男性8．2）。结论通过研究发现,在普通人群中,造成不同食物的不耐受差异与4种因素有关：性别因素、年龄因素、食物特异性和个体差异性。应通过健康管理加强对普通人群的食物不耐受状况进行调查和研究。     

哈尔滨市健康体检人群高血压患病情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨分析哈尔滨市健康体检人群高血压患病情况及影响因素。方法 以2022年6月至2023年6月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院、黑龙江中医药大学附属第四医院、黑龙江省第二医院3家三级医院体检中心进行健康体检的成年人作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷收集体检者生活行为习惯等信息,收集血生化检测结果及体格检查结果等,采用描述性分析方法分析高血压患病情况,并采用单、多因素分析方法分析其影响因素。结果 本研究共纳入5 264名健康体检者,共检查出1 451例高血压患者,检出率27.56%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示男性(OR=1.860)、年龄(OR=12.516)、BMI(24.0～27.9 kg/m²:OR=1.385,≥28.0 kg/m²:OR=3.029)、饮酒(OR=1.449)、经常吃腌制食品(OR=1.602)、血脂异常(OR=2.103)、血糖异常(OR=2.255)及高血压家族史(OR=1.468)的健康体检者高血压患病风险较高。结论 哈尔滨健康体检人群的高血压患病率较高,与性别、年龄、BMI、饮食习惯、血脂异常、血糖异常...     

天津地区45229名健康体检者男女性尿酸水平差别及高尿酸血症影响因素

目的回顾性分析天津地区健康体检人群男女性尿酸(UA)水平变化趋势及影响因素,为个体化健康指导意见提供理论依据。方法选择2014年在天津市肿瘤医院预防体检中心体检并符合标准的45 229名健康体检者为研究对象,检测血清UA、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FPG),用SPSS 19.0统计软件包进行t检验、多元线性回归和多因素logistic回归分析,趋势判断采用Cox-Staut趋势存在性检验。结果男性UA水平随着年龄的增加而降低,女性UA水平随着年龄的增加而升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,男性UA与TC、TG呈正相关,与年龄和FPG呈负相关(r值分别为0.100、0.269、-0.139和-0.110,P0.01);女性UA与TC、TG和年龄均呈正相关(r值分别为0.208、0.346和0.191,P0.01)。不同性别、年龄HUA检出率与UA水平变化趋势一致,男性HUA检出率从40岁开始出现显著降低,而高FPG检出率则显著升高。logistic多因素回归分析显示,TC5.71 mmol/L、TG1.81 mmol/L为男性HUA的危险因素(OR值分别为1.288、2.553),FPG≥5.87 mmol/L为男性HUA的保护因素(OR=0.766);TC5.71 mmol/L、TG1.53 mmol/L、FPG≥5.53 mmol/L均是女性HUA的危险因素(OR值分别为1.347、3.969和1.659)。结论年轻男性以及≥50岁女性应积极关注UA水平,高UA水平与血脂异常密切相关,男性UA水平及HUA检出率随年龄的变化趋势与FPG有关。     

55~69岁人群体质指数和体成分与轻度认知功能障碍的相关性

目的了解55~69岁人群体质指数(BMI)、体成分与轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的相关性,从而提高人们的营养管控意识,降低成年期MCI等慢性非传染性疾病患病风险。方法随机纳入2017年10月至2019年5月重庆医科大学附属第一医院健康管理中心55~69岁的健康体检人群873人作为研究对象。测量BMI、脂肪率(PFM)、去脂体重(FFM)。按PFM、FFM四分位数由低到高分别将研究对象分成Q1、Q2、Q3和Q44个组。根据北京版蒙特利尔量表(MoCA-BJ)评估认知功能。使用SPSS 22.0进行独立样本t检验、χ²检验、多重线性回归分析和多因素logistic回归分析。结果多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与正常体重组比较,超重组和肥胖组MCI风险增加(OR值分别为1.883和2.137);与PFM Q4比较,PFM Q1、Q2组MCI风险增加(OR值分别为4.703和2.728);按性别进行分层后,PFM水平与MCI风险负相关(男、女性OR值分别为0.902和0.929),男性FFM水平与MCI风险负相关(OR=0.927);交互作用分析发现,与体重正常×PFM Q4组比较,肥胖×PFM Q2组MCI风险降低(OR=0.122,95%CI:0.018~0.853);与体重正常×FFM Q4组比较,肥胖×FFM Q1组MCI风险增高(OR=6.406,95%CI:1.248~32.888),均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论55~69岁年龄段人群超重和肥胖与MCI风险增加相关,PFM、FFM与MCI风险负相关。BMI与认知功能的相关性可能与PFM、FFM水平有关。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.