临床医护人员原发性高血压危险因素以及药物依从性分析

目的探讨临床医护人员的原发性高血压患病情况、主要危险因素以及药物依从情况,为该人群制定适宜的防治措施。方法采用体格检查、问卷调查等方法收集资料,对某医院608名35~88岁的临床医护人员(包括在职、离、退休人员)进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果临床医护人员的高血压标化患病率为31.5%,高于非临床医护人员18.8%。从医时间、工作责任和工作紧张感等职业因素与临床医护人员原发性高血压有关。多因素Logistic分析显示,从医时间、工作责任和工作紧张感、父母患高血压及体重指数(BMI)≥25是临床医护人员高血压的主要危险因素。结论职业紧张等因素与临床医护人员高血压患病有关,药物依从较好,但缺乏健康生活方式,需采取相应的综合防治措施。     

城市公交驾驶员高血压危险因素分析

目的了解城市公交驾驶员的高血压患病情况及主要危险因素,为该人群制定适宜的防治措施提供依据。方法采用现况调查的方法,对郑州市某公交公司315名驾驶员进行驾驶紧张问卷调查、高血压危险因素调查和血压血脂检测等。结果公交驾驶员高血压患病率为17．8％,多因素logistic回归分析年龄、驾龄、体重指数、饮酒、驾驶紧张是驾驶员高血压的主要危险因素。结论职业紧张等因素与驾驶员高血压发病有一定程度关联,应采取综合防治措施。     

汽车驾驶员高血压的调查分析

对３４４８名不同年龄，不同驾龄司机的血压情况及有关因素的调查结果表示，驾驶员高血压的发生率明显高于对照人群，在控制了年龄、体重饮酒等因素之后，驾驶员患高血压明显与职业有关。     

烹饪人员高血压危险因素分析

目的:了解德州市烹饪人员高血压病患病情况及相关危险因素。方法:采用现况调查方法,对德州市1375名20~60岁男性烹饪人员进行血压及相关因素凋查,同期检测了1 360名男性非烹饪人员的血压值,然后进行统计学处理。结果:按2004年中国高血压防治指南标准,德州市烹饪人员的标化高血压患病率为26.11%,高于非烹饪人员17.60%。烹饪人员的从业年限、技术等级、日均操作时间和从业单位类型等因素与高血压有关。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,从业年限、家族史、BMI≥25、嗜咸、脂肪食物等是烹饪人员高血压的主要危险因素。结论:烹饪人员饮食、从业年限等是烹饪人员高血压危险因素,要提高烹饪人员对高血压的认识,从控制危险因素开始防治高血压。     

江苏省昆山市周庄镇高血压流行病学调查

目的调查江苏省昆山市周庄镇高血压病流行病学特征及主要危险因素,为高血压防治工作提供科学依据。方法以周庄镇18岁及以上常住人口1 563人为研究对象,进行血压测量及相关危险因素调查。结果 18岁以上居民高血压粗患病率为17.53%(标化率为9.70%),男性和女性分别为15.19%、19.66%。单因素分析年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、月收入、体力活动、体质指数、腰围、糖尿病史、高血脂病史与高血压发病有关,多因素logistic逐步回归分析年龄、体质指数、腰围为高血压独立危险因素。结论周庄镇高血压患病处于较低水平,但危险因素、高危人群较多,应采取针对性的防控措施。     

职业人群工作紧张对高血压患病影响的横断面研究

目的探讨职业人群工作紧张与高血压患病的关系,为高血压的预防提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,调查上海城区2 458名20~63岁职业人群。工作紧张评估采用中文版工作内容问卷(JDC)与工作付出-回报(ERI)问卷,同时调查社会人口与行为因素。多因素非条件logistic回归分析工作紧张与高血压患病的关系。结果在控制了年龄、受教育程度、职业、高血压家族史、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼与活动状况、BMI潜在混杂因素后,男性高工作紧张、高工作付出-回报失衡是高血压患病的危险因素;女性低工作控制、高工作付出、中/高工作付出-回报失衡是高血压患病的危险因素。职业分层分析结果显示:教师、社区医护人员、研究人员、公交车驾驶员高血压患病更易受工作紧张的影响。结论工作紧张可能增大职业人群高血压患病的风险,某些职业人群高血压患病更易受职业紧张影响。     

公交车司机心血管疾病职业相关危险因素调查

目的调查分析公交车司机心血管疾病(CVD)职业相关危险因素,探讨有效健康管理和指导方案。方法抽取某公交公司的公交车司机348名,采用自制一般情况调查表进行问卷调查,并对血压、血脂、心电图检查资料进行统计分析。结果共调查公交车司机348名,回收有效问卷339份,有效回收率为97.41%。339名公交车司机中,高血压检出率为12.98%,血脂异常检出率为50.44%,心电图异常检出率为15.04%。单因素及多因素回归分析显示,年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、驾龄、日工作时长、周工作时长均是高血压、血脂异常及心电图异常的独立危险因素(P0.05),月休假时间及职业满意度是保护性因素(P0.05)。结论公交车司机CVD发生危险因素及风险较高,职业因素中驾龄长、工作时间长、休息时间不足均是其危险因素,职业满意度是其保护性因素。     

2011年旺苍县高血压流行调查

目的调查旺苍县高血压患病情况、流行病学特征及其主要危险因素,为全县高血压病防治提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样调查方法,抽查全县20岁以上人口1 966人,进行血压测量及相关危险因素调查。结果 20岁以上人口高血压病患病率为31.89%,男性患病率33.14%,女性患病率为30.94%。性别、年龄、体重指数、高钠饮食、吸烟、高血压家族史均与高血压发病有关。结论旺苍县成人高血压患病率很高,应普及高血压知识,加强健康教育,减少危险因素,提高高血压防治水平。     

职业与高血压发病的关系研究进展

了解不同职业人群的血压变化及高血压患病危险因素,职业人群高血压的危险因素除与家族遗传和年龄、吸烟、体重指数、甘油三酯、高血糖、胆固醇、高脂肪高盐摄入、不良生活习惯等有关外,还与职业环境、职业岗位、职业压力、地域环境等因素有关。作者综述了影响高血压病的职业因素及职业人群高血压病的社区卫生服务综合防治的有效方法。指出虽然职业人群患高血压危险因素很多,但大部分的可识别高血压的危险因素是可以预防的。     

滨州地区汽车驾驶员脂肪肝流行病学调查研究

目的 为了解汽车驾驶员脂肪肝患病情况及其主要的影响因素,以便采取相应的防治措施。方法 采用序贯法即健康检查→脂肪肝症状或肝功能检验指标异常→超声波（或CT）确认。结果 男性驾驶员的脂肪肝患病率为4．42％,30岁以前患病率相当低,30岁以后患病率随年龄的增长而升高,30－40岁是患病率明显升高的年龄段。常饮酒者的患病率是不常饮酒者的4．41倍,嗜酒者的患病率又是常饮酒的3．23倍。患病率虽然随驾驶员驾龄的增长而升高,但其驾龄的长短与其年龄的大小是相对应的,故不能确诊驾龄与患病有关。结论 驾驶员年龄的增长及长期超量饮酒是脂肪肝的主要致患因素,使驾驶员不饱酒或少饮应是降低患病率的有效措施。     

Prevalence of hypertension in bus drivers

This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in 1500 black and white male bus drivers from a large urban transit system in the US. Data for this study were compiled from the files of an occupational health clinic which conducts biennial medical examinations for drivers' license renewal. To test whether prevalence of hypertension was higher among bus drivers than among employed individuals in general, drivers were compared to three groups: individuals from both a national and local health survey and individuals undergoing baseline health examinations prior to employment as bus drivers. After adjustment for age and race, hypertension rates for bus drivers were significantly greater than rates for each of the three comparison groups. These findings support previous results from international studies of bus drivers suggesting that exposure to the occupation of driving a bus may carry increased health risk. This research has expanded into an on-going study which has the goals of clarifying the extent of hypertension in bus drivers and identifying specific behavioural and occupational factors that may be responsible for increased risk of cardiovascular disease.     

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Back Pain Among Professional Drivers in Kano,Nigeria

This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of low back pain (LBP) among professional drivers in Nigeria. Two hundred male drivers aged 19–64 years were recruited in the study. Data regarding prevalence, individual risk factors, and impact of LBP were obtained. The prevalence rate of LBP was 73.5%, and LBP have affected the driving performance of up to 74% drivers. After adjustment for age, LBP prevalence was associated with driving for >15 hours/day (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]): (0.04; 0.01, 0.20), driving car (5.52; 1.55, 19.64), and driving bus (10.49; 2.63, 41.82). No association was found between LBP prevalence and years spent driving. The study found that high prevalence of LBP affected the performance of a substantial percentage of the participants.     

Risk factors for low back pain among taxi drivers in Japan]

We conducted a questionnaire study on low back pain (LBP) and working conditions among male taxi drivers employed in the company in Fukuoka city in order to investigate the occurrence of LBP and occupational factors related to LBP among taxi drivers. The study was undertaken through two questionnaires, the first conducted in 1999 (n = 280, first cross-sectional study), the second conducted in 2001 (n = 284, second cross-sectional study). The questionnaire results were used to conduct two analyses: 1) the one-year prevalence of LBP and the relationship between LBP and occupational factors in the second cross-sectional study, and 2) the incidence of LBP and the relationship between LBP and occupational factors from the first to the second cross-sectional study in the longitudinal study. The incidence cases were defined as subjects who met the following conditions: those who had never experienced LBP at the time of the first study but had experienced LBP during the previous year at the time of the 2nd study. The one-year prevalence (45.8%) of LBP among taxi drivers was comparable to rates reported for other occupational drivers in which LBP occurs frequently. This result indicates that LBP is an important health problem for taxi drivers, and an urgent occupational safety and health management issue. The two-year incidence of LBP among the taxi drivers was estimated at 25.9%. LBP was significantly related with the suitability of the driver's seat pan, total mileage on the taxi (total mileage), the level of uncomfortable vibrations on the road, job stress and time employed as a taxi driver. Importantly, the prevalence of LBP increased with increasing total mileage, a finding which had not previously been reported. The findings of this study also suggest that ergonomic problems with the driver's seat pan, whole-body vibration (WBV) and job stress may contribute to LBP among taxi drivers. Further study is needed to confirm how total mileage contributes to LBP. Furthermore, WBV during normal use of taxies should be measured in order to evaluate the association between WBV and LBP.     

Morbidity among job applicants in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

This cross-sectional study evaluates the pre-employment health status of job applicants, based on prevalence estimates of abnormal laboratory test results, clinical diagnosis, and a physician-signed fit-for-work assessment, which is mandatory in Brazil. The study population was a random sample of 1,237 male workers selected from medical records (1988-1996) from an Occupational Medical Center located in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, Brazil. The data were from a single pre-employment medical assessment for each individual. The most common diseases were intestinal parasites (51.7%), anemia (12.8%), and hypertension (12.7%). Drivers showed a high prevalence of overweight (38.2%) and hypertension (16.2%). In addition to work-related risks and diseases, occupational hygiene and safety programs need to address prevailing illnesses and risk factors, which in this population are typical of poor living conditions. Special attention should to be given to drivers, who are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.     

北京交通大学高血压患病情况及相关危险因素分析

目的了解北京市顺义区社区内交通大学职工高血压患病情况及相关危险因素,为高校社区高血压综合防治措施的制定提供科学依据。方法2009年5—6月参加健康检查的3926名教工为调查对象。体检内容包括:调查问卷、体检和实验室检查。结果①3926名健康检查者中高血压患者1335人,患病率为33.99%,其中男性患病率为40.26%,女性患病率为28.02%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=66.09,P0.01)。②高血压患病随年龄增高而递增。③logistic回归分析结果显示;性别、年龄、高血压家族史、体重指数(BMl)、文化程度、职业、锻炼情况、睡眠时间等8个因素为该大学教职工高血压的相关危险因素(OR值分别为1.759,1.881,2.433,2.312,2.719,0.558,2.238和1.596,P0.01)。结论体重指数、锻炼、睡眠时间是该校教工患高血压的可以改变的危险因素。     

深圳口岸出入境交通员工高血压病流行现状与影响因素分析

[目的]了解深圳口岸出入境交通员工高血压的流行病学特征和相关影响因素,为进一步进行高血压防治和采取干预措施提供理论依据。[方法]2007年1-12月,对深圳口岸皇岗、罗湖、沙头角3个体检点的交通员工进行健康体检,并采用匿名自填问卷的方式对其进行高血压相关知识的问卷调查。[结果]深圳口岸出入境交通员工高血压的患病率为26．99％。随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率呈明显上升趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明年龄、肥胖、吸烟、腹围、食盐量、驾龄均是该人群高血压患病的影响因素。[结论]深圳口岸出入境交通员工高血压患病率高,建议对这一人群有针对性地开展高血压防治知识的宣传教育,以提高他们的防病意识和自我保护能力,从而有效降低发病率,致残率和致死率。     

Coronary heart disease risk factors in urban bus drivers

The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in 2297 bus drivers and skilled workers from the Taipei Municipal Bus Administrative Bureau. Data for this study were compiled from the medical records of annual physical examinations for bus drivers and skilled workers conducted at Taipei Municipal Chronic Disease Hospital during the period from July 1998 to June 1999. The results showed that, after adjustment for age, hypertension rates for bus drivers (56.0%, 986/1361) were significantly greater than for skilled workers (30.6%, 164/536). All age groups demonstrated a similar difference. Significant differences were also noted in body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and ischemic heart disease between bus drivers and skilled workers. Among bus drivers, the prevalence of obesity was 9.6%, hypercholesterolemia 34.0%, hypertriglyceridemia 69.4% and ischemic heart disease 1.7%. By contrast, among skilled workers, the prevalence of obesity was only 4.6%, hypercholesterolemia 29.9%, hypertriglyceridemia 30.6% and ischemic heart disease 0.9%. These findings suggest that exposure to the occupation of driving a bus may carry an increased risk of CHD and that drivers who develop signs of cardiovascular illness should be transferred to non-driving occupations within the company.     

Relation between job strain and myocardial infarction: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES: To study the influence of different job related and socioeconomic factors for development of myocardial infarction (MI). METHOD: The study was a case-control study of 76 male wage earners who had been admitted to hospital with MI. As a control group 176 male wage earners not admitted to hospital who were residents of the same county were used. Both groups were interviewed with an extensive questionnaire on job related conditions. Several indices on job related psychosocial factors were established in accordance with Karasek's job strain model as well as the extension of the model, the isostrain model. RESULTS: The most significant findings were consistent with Karasek's job strain model in that mean with a high degree of demand combined with a low degree of control at work had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.1 (1.2 to 3.8) for MI after adjustment for age compared with men with a low degree of demand and a high degree of control at work. Further adjustment for smoking, socioeconomic status, employment sector, job category, and social network did not affect the OR substantially (OR 2.3 (1.2 to 4.4)). Other factors significantly associated to MI were job category (blue collar workers v white collar workers, OR 2.8 (1.6 to 5.8)), and employment sector (private v public, OR 3.1 (1.8 to 6.1)). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the study confirmed the job strain model as well as the well known association between socioeconomic status and risk of MI, whereas the finding of an increased risk among employees in the private sector has not previously been described.

 

     

A study on work and daily life factors affecting the health of taxi drivers]

In order to elucidate factors affecting taxi drivers health, a questionnaire survey was performed on 5523 taxi drivers and health examinations were conducted on 311 taxi drivers from among them. Analysis by a method of multivariate analysis called Quantification II was performed with dependent variables being blood pressure, the number of subjective symptoms and fatigue on rising, and independent variables being work and daily life conditions. The major results of this survey were as follows: 1) A tendency for hypertension risk to increase with degree of obesity, and both employment as a taxi driver for 1-4 years and over twenty years of taxi driving were positively associated with increase in risk for hypertension. 2) Common factors to all types of work shifts which were related to an increase in the number of subjective symptoms were irregularity of meals, insufficient rest on off days, large number of years engagement at taxi driving, frequent frightening experiences while driving and comparatively short driving distance in one shift. 3) Common factors to all types of work shifts that were connected with fatigue at the time of rising were insufficient rest on off days and long years engagement in taxi driving.