抗毒补心胶囊对缺血缺氧心肌的保护作用

[目的]研究抗毒补心胶囊对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)致大鼠急性心肌缺血的保护作用及机制。[方法]将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、缺血模型组、抗毒补心胶囊I组,II组,Ⅲ组,观察抗毒补心胶囊对各组大鼠心电图、血清磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)的影响。[结果]抗毒补心胶囊可对抗异丙肾上腺素所致的大鼠急性心肌损伤,与模型组比较,抗毒补心胶囊I组,II组,Ⅲ组均使心肌缺血大鼠的心电图ST段异常升高数减少(P﹤0.05),血清磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)降低(P﹤0.05),并可增加SOD的活性(P﹤0.05),减少MDA生成(P﹤0.05)。[结论]抗毒补心胶囊对大鼠心肌缺血有保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化反应有关。     

茶多酚对甲醛染毒大鼠肺损伤的保护作用

[目的]探讨茶多酚对甲醛染毒大鼠肺损伤的保护作用。[方法]30只3月龄,体重(200±20)g的SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、茶多酚组。将除正常对照组外的其余两组动物暴露于气态甲醛(10mg/m3)中3个月,每天4h,茶多酚组给予茶多酚水溶液200mg/kg.d-1灌胃。检测肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及肺组织形态学变化。[结果]模型组大鼠肺组织SOD活性及GSH含量明显低于正常对照组(P﹤0.01),MDA含量明显高于正常对照组(P﹤0.01);茶多酚组大鼠肺组织SOD活性及GSH含量高于模型组(P﹤0.05),MDA含量低于模型组(P﹤0.05)。肺组织形态学改变:模型组大鼠肺组织呈现间质性肺炎和肺泡性肺炎的病理学特点,茶多酚组肺炎状况明显改善。[结论]茶多酚水溶液能提高甲醛染毒大鼠肺组织SOD活性及GSH含量,降低MDA含量,使受损肺组织形态部分改善,表明茶多酚水溶液对甲醛染毒大鼠肺损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

高糖高脂饮食对新西兰兔肝功能的影响

[目的]研究长期高糖高脂饮食对新西兰兔肝功能的影响。[方法]雄性新西兰兔10只喂基础饲料为对照组,10只喂高糖高脂饲料为模型组。每月末测空腹血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆汁酸(TBA)和总胆红素(T-BIL)水平。5个月后,测肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和羟脯氨酸(Hyp)的水平。[结果]与对照组相比,模型组1个月后即出现TG升高,2个月后TBA升高,3个月后血糖和ALT升高,4个月后AST升高(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01);5个月后肝匀浆中MDA和Hyp含量增加,而SOD活性下降(P﹤0.01);血TP、ALB和T-BIL组间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]高糖高脂饮食对新西兰兔具有肝毒性,可导致肝功能损伤。     

亚麻籽多糖对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌线粒体损伤的保护作用

[目的]观察亚麻籽多糖对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌线粒体损伤的保护作用。[方法]结扎Wistar大鼠冠状动脉30min再灌注20min,测定心肌线粒体中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)和SOD活性,膜磷脂及MDA含量。[结果]与模型组比较,亚麻籽多糖(200、400mg/kg)组SDH、CCO、SOD活性明显升高(P﹤0.05,膜磷脂含量增加(P﹤0.05,MDA含量降低(P﹤0.05)。[结论]亚麻籽多糖对缺血再灌注损伤的心肌线粒体功能具有保护作用。     

复方灵芝胶囊延缓衰老作用的实验研究

复方灵芝胶囊是由灵芝粉、冬虫夏草、地龙提取物等组成,其中冬虫夏草有补肾阳、益肺阴作用;灵芝有益寿延年作用^[1]。本研究观察了该产品对黑腹果蝇寿命、老年大鼠过氧化脂质降解产物(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,以便了解其抗衰老作用,现将结果报道如下。     

蒙药塔本文都苏油丸对衰老小鼠皮层MDA、NO、SOD水平变化的影响

[目的]探讨蒙药塔本文都苏(TBWDS)油丸抗衰老作用及其机制. [方法]采用半乳糖所致衰老小鼠连续给以塔本文都苏油丸灌胃40 d后,测定小鼠脑组织中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平. [结果]与模型组比较,塔本文都苏油丸可明显提高衰老模型小鼠脑组织中SOD的活性,降低脑组织中MDA和NO的含量. [结论]塔本文都苏油丸具有明显的抗衰老作用,此作用与其抗氧化损伤有关.     

职业性锰暴露对电焊工脂质过氧化的影响研究

[目的]探讨锰暴露对机体脂质过氧化的影响。[方法]2004年,在淮安市选择84名锰焊作业人员,测定作业场所空气锰浓度,检测血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性,并以84名服务行业人员为对照。[结果]锰暴露组MDA含量高于对照组,血清SOD、GSHPx活性低于对照组(P<0.01);MDA、SOD与作业场所空气锰浓度呈现一定的剂量反应关系。[结论]锰能使机体脂质过氧化增加,抗氧化氧能力下降,MDA、SOD可以作为锰中毒的早期敏感指标。     

糖尿病小鼠模型的组织氧化应激研究

[目的]探讨糖尿病小鼠模型组织氧化应激. [方法]给雄性昆明种小鼠喂养常规饮食一周后随机分成两组,其中一组经小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射后诱导成糖尿病小鼠,糖尿病组饲喂高脂饮食,4周后测量两组小鼠末期肝、肾、心、肺组织中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH),抗氧化酶(SOD,GPx,CAT)以及一氧化氮(NO),一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、脏器系数. [结果]试验结束时,糖尿病组小鼠一般情况较差,与正常组比较,体重显著降低(P＜0.01),肝、肾、肺脏器指数显著升高(P＜0.01);糖尿病组肝脏组织中MDA含量、GPx活性(P＜0.01)显著高子正常组.SOD、CAT、 NOS活性、GSH含量显著低于正常组(P＜0.01).糖尿病组小鼠肾脏组织中,GPx、SOD活性、MDA、NO含量显著高于正常组(P＜0.01);NOS、CAT活性、GSH含量显著低于正常组(P＜0.01).糖尿病组小鼠心脏组织中GPx活性、MDA含量显著高于正常组(P＜0.01);SOD活性、GSH含量显著低于正常组(P＜0.01).糖尿病组小鼠肺组织中SOD、GPx活性显著高于正常组(P＜0.01);CAT活性、NO、GSH含量显著低于正常组(P＜0.05).[结论]本研究表明糖尿病小鼠组织存在氧化应激.     

脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响

目的观察脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆模型小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,探讨脑力苏胶囊对血管性痴呆小鼠的部分作用机制,为临床应用提供一定的理论依据。方法首先采用双侧颈总动脉结扎脑缺血再灌注的方法制备成血管性痴呆小鼠模型,随机分为5组：模型组、假手术组、西药（喜得镇）组、脑力苏高剂量和脑力苏低剂量组。术后2d开始给药,连续给药15d后取血清测定SOD活性、MDA的含量。结果与模型组比较,脑力苏胶囊组能明显改善模型大鼠学习记忆能力,提高血清中SOD活性,其中以脑力苏低剂量组较为明显;脑力苏低剂量组、喜得镇组能显著降低血清中MDA含量。结论脑力苏胶囊可提高血清SOD活性,降低MDA含量,有改善实验性血管性痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆障碍的部分作用。     

水溶性辅酶Q10与维生素E协同抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究水溶性辅酶Q10与维生素E协同对老龄小鼠和D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用。[方法]通过测定给药小鼠血液中或组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量来研究水溶性辅酶Q10＋维生素E的抗氧化功能。[结果]老龄鼠组：与阴性对照组相比,辅酶Q10＋维生素E组能明显提高小鼠红细胞中SOD活力,MDA活性均不同程度下降;衰老模型组：与空白对照组和模型对照组相比,辅酶Q10＋维生素E组小鼠红细胞及肝脏组织中SOD活性有不同程度升高,MDA含量均有不同程度下降。[结论]辅酶Q10和维生素E具有协同作用,其抗氧化效果优于单独的维生素E。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.