口服亚硒酸钠和维生素E对高海拔地区心血管病患者甲状腺激素的影响

目的探讨使用亚硒酸钠和维生素E对高海拔地区心血管病患者甲状腺激素的影响.方法将心血管病患者随机分为3组A组42例患者口服亚硒酸钠,同时加服维生素E;B组28例患者口服亚硒酸钠;对照组20例,未服用亚硒酸钠及维生素E.观察对象分别于治疗前和治疗6个月后抽血检测血清硒(Se)、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量及甲状腺激素(T3、T4)等指标,以观察远期疗效.结果治疗后A组和B组血清Se含量[(0.71±0.22)、(0.68±0.18)μmol/L]明显高于治疗前[(0.31±0.17)、(0.33±0.14)μmol/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);A组和B组血浆GSH-Px活力分别为(87.12±13.61)、(84.79±12.13)U/L,较治疗前[分别为(58.43±18.93)、(57.12±17.36)U/L]明显增加.A组和B组MDA含量[(4.86±1.18)、(4.18±1.23)nmol/ml]较治疗前[(8.66±0.96)、(8.71±0.87)nmol/ml]明显降低,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);A组和B组患者T3和T4较对照组明显降低,趋于正常.血清Se与血浆GSH-Px呈正相关(r=0.781,P＜0.01),与MDA、T3、T4浓度呈负相关(r=-0.385;r=-0.687;r=-0.412,均P＜0.05).甲状腺激素恢复正常者A组31例(73.81%)、B组20例(71.42%);部分恢复者A组4例(9.52%)、B组2例(7.43%),其恢复率明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),远期疗效较好.结论补充适量硒和维生素E可纠正高原环境下因低Se而引起的甲状腺激素代谢异常.     

静态负荷所致肌肉损伤的能量代谢变化

目的通过观察静态负荷过程中家兔骨骼肌能量代谢的变化,探讨静态负荷致肌肉损伤的机制.方法应用荧光法测定三磷酸腺苷(ATP)及肌酸磷酸(PCr)的含量,应用组织化学方法和分光光度法测定糖原的含量,应用生物化学方法测定血清中肌酸激酶(CK)的含量.结果在实验的第1、2、4天,观察组家兔腰肌ATP含量有不同程度的降低,实验的第6天,ATP含量明显下降[(4.18±0.25)μmol/g],明显低于对照组[(4.55±0.18)μmol/g],差异有显著性(P＜0.05).观察组家兔腰肌PCr含量呈现逐渐下降趋势,实验的第4、6天,实验组PGr含量[(14.17±5.98)、(10.83±4.99)μmol/g]与对照组[(23.67±5.92)、(25.00±5.48)μmol/g]比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05、P＜0.01).随着实验时间的延长,糖原含量下降,实验的第6天,观察组糖原含量[(0.22±0.07)g/100g]明显低于对照组[(0.33±0.06)g/100g],差异有显著性(P＜0.05).组织化学方法观察糖原变化结果与此一致.观察组血清CK活力在实验的第1天[(552±38)U/L]即明显高于对照组[(258±28)U/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论施加静态负荷后,骨骼肌细胞能量代谢发生障碍,可能是造成肌肉损伤的原因之一.     

Resistin与急性冠脉综合征、稳定性心绞痛相关性研究

目的 探讨急性冠脉综合征(Acute coronary syndrome,ACS)[急性心肌心梗(Acute Myocardial Infarction,AMl)、不稳定性心绞痛(Unstable Angina Pectoris,UAP)]、稳定性心绞痛(Stable Angina Pectoris,AP)患者血清Resistin水平的变化及可能的临床意义.方法 ELISA法测定24例AMI、19例UAP、22例AP患者和26例健康对照者血清Resistin蛋白水平.用常规实验方法测定血白细胞总数(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、心肌肌酸激酶(CK)、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(cTnl).结果 AMI组血清Resistin蛋白水平[(8.16±5.16ng/m1],UAP组[(5.59±2.71]ng/m1,AP组[(3.45±1,52)ng/m1],均明显高于对照组[(1.63±0,96)ng/ml],P＜0.05;AMI组高于UAP、AP组,P＜0.05;UAP组高于AP组,P＜0.05.血清Resistin蛋白水平与WBC(r=0.412,P=0.046)、hsCRP(r=0.427,P=0.037)和CKmax、CK-MBmax、cTnlmax正相关(相关系数分别为0.731、0.678、0.656,P＜0.01).结论 血清Resistin蛋白与心肌损害大小及炎症标志物有关,随着病情的进展、心肌损害的加重,血清Resistin水平呈增高趋势,提示血清Resistin蛋白可能作为炎症因子参与动脉粥样硬化和急性心肌梗死的发生、发展.     

局部振动作业工人对血脂和血黏度的影响

目的探讨局部振动对血脂、血黏度等指标的影响.方法检测暴露组和对照组工人的血胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血黏度、载脂蛋白(Apo)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)、平均红细胞容量(MCV)、餐后血糖(PBS)、血清蛋白.比较两组间均值与异常率的差异.结果暴露组TG[(1.01±0.85)mmol/L]、TC[(3.25±0.61)mmol/L]、HDL[(1.14±0.20)mmol/L]比对照组[分别为(1.89±1.47)、(3.87±0.82)、(1.22±0.26)mmol/L]明显减低,差异有显著性(P＜0.01、P＜0.05);Apo-A亦明显减低[分别为(1.13±0.29)、(1.23±0.16)g/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);血黏度明显增高[分别为(2.76±0.42)、(2.54±0.33)mpa@s],差异有显著性(P＜0.01).暴露组与对照组Apo-A异常率分别是23.30%、4.50%,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论局部振动可使作业工人血脂降低、血黏度增加并引起其他血液指标变化.     

染铅大鼠血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的变化及其相互关系的研究

目的探讨染铅过程中,大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化及其相互关系.方法血清NO(NO3+NO2-)浓度测定采用硝酸还原酶法,血清NOS活力测定采用NOS催化L-Arg和氧分子生成NO法,血清SOD活力测定采用亚硝酸盐显色法,血清MDA测定采用硫代巴比妥(TBA)法.结果与对照组比较,高剂量慢性染铅组血清NOS活力在早期(7 d)为(26.03±3 40)U/ml,明显高于对照组(16 40±1.29)U/ml,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),晚期(60 d、90 d)明显降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).低、高剂量染铅组在60 d后血清NO和SOD明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).高剂量染铅组血清MDA除14 d外各时点均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).血铅与血清NO、NOS间无相关关系(r=0.217,r=0 119,P＞0.05).血铅与血清SOD存在负相关关系(r=0.479,P＜0.01),且呈现负向抛物线型剂量-效应关系,血铅与血清MDA间存在正相关关系(r=0.496,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).血清NO与SOD间存在正相关关系(r=0 379,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).结论在慢性染铅过程中,可导致血清SOD活力降低,MDA含量升高,且呈剂量-效应关系,血清NO与SOD存在正相关,且呈正向剂量-效应关系,表明铅对血清NO、NOS的影响可能是通过影响SOD的活力来间接实现的.     

糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平及相关因素分析

目的测定初次确诊为糖尿病患者的血清瘦素水平,探讨瘦素与体重指数,血糖、甘油三脂、胆固醇和空腹胰岛素的关系.方法受试者精确测量身高、体重、计算体重指数(BMI),同步检测空腹血糖(FPG),胰岛素(Fins),胆固醇(CH)、甘油三酯(TG),放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清瘦素(Leptin)水平.结果糖尿病组与对照组比较瘦素水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05);无论是糖尿病组还是对照组,肥胖者的瘦素水平与非肥胖者的瘦素水平相比均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);女性的瘦素水平明显高于男性(P＜0.01);相关分析显示,瘦素与体重指数(r=0.4406 P＜0.01)显著相关;瘦紊与胰岛索(t=0.2644 P＜0.05)显著相关;瘦素与FPG(r=0.1112 P＞0.05)、TG(r=0.0008 P＞0.05)、CH(r=0.0194 P＞0.05)无相关性.结论血清瘦素水平与BMI显著相关,显示存在瘦素抵抗;瘦素与胰岛素有相关性,提示两种激素间存在一定的内在联系.     

海岛居民Hs-CRP水平与心血管病危险因素关系

目的 了解海岛居民血清高敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)水平与心血管疾病危险因素的关系,为心血管病的预防控制提供参考依据.方法 采用随机分层抽样方法对在辽宁省大连市长海县抽取的395名≥30岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和血液生化学检查.结果 海岛居民血清Hs-CRP P5、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P95水平分别为0.01、0.02、0.05、0.11、0.24、0.43、0.83 mg/L;不同特征居民比较,不同年龄、居住年限、是否患高血压和是否有心血管病史居民Hs-CRP分布间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);海岛居民血清In (Hs-CRP)与年龄(r=0.26)、体质指数(r=0.32)、腰围(r=0.30)、胆固醇(r=0.18)、甘油三酯(r=0.28)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.21)、空腹血糖(r=0.29)、血肌酐(r=0.11)、血尿酸(r=0.21)均呈正相关(P＜0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.11,P＜0.05);多元线性回归分析结果表明,在调整其他因素后,年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆固醇和吸烟是海岛居民血清Hs-CRP水平的主要影响因素.结论 海岛居民的Hs-CRP水平受年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胆固醇和吸烟的影响;控制体重、减少肥胖有利于维持血清Hs-CRP在正常范围内.     

孕中期血清脂联素及胰岛素与子痫前期的相关性研究

目的 探讨孕中期血清脂联素(APN)及胰岛素水平与子痫前期(PE)的相关性.方法 随机选择2009年7月至2010年7月在本院接受产前检查的300例单胎孕妇为研究对象,对其妊娠经过及妊娠结局进行随诊.其中,31例孕晚期时发展为PE,被纳入PE组.对PE组患者按照PE病情分度,将重度子痫前期(SPE)患者纳入SPE组(n-18),轻度子痫前期(MPE)患者,纳入MPE组(n-13),将同时纳入研究孕晚期仍正常的单胎妊娠妇女30例纳入对照组.于24～28孕周时,对SPE组、MPE组和对照组受试者采用放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清APN、胰岛素及其他相关指标,并进行相关分析.SPE组、MPE组与对照组,SPE组与MPE组孕妇年龄、孕龄及孕前体重指数(BMI)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象本人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书).结果 ①SPE组、MPE组与对照组血清APN水平呈上升趋势,SPE组较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);SPE组与MPE组、MPE组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②3组孕妇孕中期空腹血糖(FBG),总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDLC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③3组孕妇的血清胰岛素比较,SPE组较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),SPE组与MPE组、MPE组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).④SPE组血清APN与胰岛素呈负相关(r=-0.50,P＜0.01),其他两组血清APN与胰岛素无相关性(r=0.33,r=-0.02;P＞0.05).SPE组血清APN与收缩压、舒张压呈负相关(r=-0.97,r=-0.94;P＜0.01),与TG呈负相关(r=-0.63,P＜0.01),与HDLC 呈正相关(r=0.54,P＜0.05),与TC和LDLC无相关关系(r=0.03,r=0.18;P＞0.05).SPE组血清胰岛素与收缩压呈正相关(r=0.90,P＜0.05),与TC和TG呈正相关(r=0.59,r=0.73;P＜0.01).MPE 组血清APN与TG呈负相关(r=-0.71,P＜0.01),血清胰岛素与TG呈正相关(r=0.58,P＜0.05).结论 孕中期血清低APN及高胰岛素血症与PE密切相关.     

动脉硬化的检测与相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨动脉硬化的临床检测和相关危险因素的影响.方法 选取健康体检者374例,应用动脉硬化检测仪(YF/XGYD)测定动脉硬化指数,根据结果将入选者分为动脉硬化指数正常组(297例)和动脉硬化指数增高组(77例),比较两组临床相关指标的差异.结果 动脉硬化指数增高组年龄[(59.13±6.42)岁]、男性比例[63.6％ (49/77)]、舒张压[(63.5±7.9)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)]、收缩压[(146.3±15.8) mm Hg]、脉压[(72.8±12.9) mm Hg]、总胆固醇[ (5.64±1.21) mmol/L]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.61±0.91)mmol/L]与动脉硬化指数正常组[分别为(52.47±2.91)岁、52.9％ (157/297)、(73.3±12.3) mm Hg、(119.4±13.9) mm Hg、(50.3±10.4)mm Hg、(4.79±0.98) mmol/L、(2.91±0.79) mmol/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析表明,收缩压(t=8.997,P＜0.01)、高血压病史(t=14.923,P＜0.01)和脉压(t=5.143,P＜0.01)是影响动脉硬化指数的独立危险因素.结论 收缩压、高血压病史和脉压是动脉硬化的独立危险因素,防治动脉硬化的重要手段为高血压的控制.     

强噪声暴露后胃溃疡大鼠的血浆多肽激素水平

目的观察强噪声暴露后胃溃疡大鼠血浆多肽激素水平的变化,并讨论其机制.方法制作大鼠胃溃疡模型,进行强噪声刺激,空腹时经眼球静脉取血,采用放射免疫分析法测定血浆激素刎含量,并测量大鼠胃溃疡面积.结果(1)无噪声刺激时,胃溃疡模型术后10 d大鼠血浆胃动素[MTL,(160.70±40.34)pg/ml]和骨钙素[BGP,(27.63±13.13)pg/ml]水平均明显高于对照组[分别为(89.21±49.94)、(9.10±1.38)pg/ml],差异有显著性(P＜0.05),而胃泌素(GAS)水平[(107.00±21.75)pg/ml]则明显下降,与对照组[(158.48±20.92)pg/ml]的差异亦有显著性(P＜0.01).(2)强噪声刺激时,无溃疡大鼠10 d时的血浆MTL[(312.80±207.42)pg/ml]和BGP[(17.76±12.33)pg/ml]均明显高于对照组,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01、P＜0.05);而GAS水平无明显变化.(3)胃溃疡大鼠强噪声暴露第10天和第40天的溃疡面积[分别为(15.33±7.26)mm2和(15.11±12.45)mm2]较对照组[分别为(8.22±6.66)mm2和(3.67±9.90)mm2]增大,差异有显著性(均P＜0.05);而第10天和第40天MTL水平[分别为(244.44±68.11)pg/ml和(191.20±60.50)pg/ml]与对照组[分别为(160.70±40.34)、(93.10±52.90)pg/ml]比较,均明显升高,且差异均有显著性(均P＜0.01).结论强噪声暴露可使大鼠的溃疡恶化,并对其愈合有明显的负性影响.强噪声暴露和胃溃疡等复合因素作用下,大鼠胃肠内分泌反应明显紊乱.     

血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征组分的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)各组分的相关性.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市的两个城区,经调查和体检,筛选出MS患者235例.通过对MS患者的脂联素水平与MS各组分(腰围、血压、血糖、血脂)相关性分析及主成分回归分析,初步探讨血清脂联素水平与MS各组分的关系.结果 男性脂联素水平为(2.82±1.73)μg/ml低于女性的(5.12±3.51)μg/ml,差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.25,P=0.00).脂联素水平[(4.38±3.23)μg/ml]与腹部肥胖相关,其与腰围[(93.37±7.76)cm]的spearrnan秩相关系数为rs=-0.18(tt=-2.79,P=0.01);与腰臀比(0.91±0.05)的spearman秩相关系数为rs=-0.28(tr=-4.44,P=0.00),而与人体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)[(26.85±3.10)ks/m2]无显著相关性(rs=-0.10,tr=-1.45,P=0.15).脂联素与胰岛素抵抗相关指标关系密切,包括空腹血糖[(5.48±1.72)mmol/L](rs=-0.13,tr=-2.00,P=0.05)、空腹胰岛素[(11.52±5.34)mU/L](rs=-0.15,tr=-2.31,P=0.02)、稳态模式评估法的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)(2.90±2.07)(rs=-0.17,tr=-2.63,P=0.01)及甘油三酯水平[(2.11±1.24)mmol/L](rs=-0.24,tr=-3.77,P=0.00).脂联素与总胆固醇水平[(5.01±1.19)mmol/L](rs=-0.05,tr=-0.78,P=0.44)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)[(1.21±0.32)mmol/L](rs=0.06,tr=0.93,P=0.36)、收缩压[(131.40±14.93)nun Hg,1 nun Hg=0.133 kPa](rs=-0.02,tr=-0.34,P=0.73)及舒张压[(86.77±9.14)mm Hg](rs=-0.02,tr=-0.27,P=0.78)无显著相关性.结论 MS患者血清脂联素水平与腹部肥胖及胰岛素抵抗相关指标呈负相关,而与血压未见直接联系.     

Lower socioeconomic status among men in relation to the association between job strain and blood pressure

OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine whether the association between job strain (high job demands plus low job control) and blood pressure among men varies by socioeconomic status. METHODS: The cross-sectional associations between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure, by level of education, occupational status, and income, and the interaction between job strain and these measures of socioeconomic status were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, race or ethnicity, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, standing position, and worksite for 283 men, aged 30-60 years, from eight worksites in New York City. RESULTS: A substantial association between job strain and work ambulatory blood pressure was found among men with lower socioeconomic status, ranging from 2.7-11.8 mm Hg systolic to 1.9-6.1 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure, depending upon the measure of socioeconomic status examined. However, in the groups with high socioeconomic status, the association between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure at work was much smaller, the range in blood pressure being 0-5.3 (systolic) and 0.2-2.1 (diastolic) mm Hg. Two of the 10 tests of the interaction between job strain and socioeconomic status had a P-value of <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that the relationship between job strain and blood pressure is greater among men with lower socioeconomic status.     

职业应激对行车调度员糖皮质激素受体及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨慢性职业应激对行车调度人员糖皮质激素受体(GR)及免疫功能的影响.方法采用职业应激量表,将接受调查的112名行车调度人员分为重、中、轻度职业应激组.采集外周静脉血,测定血清皮质醇(GCs)含量、GR水平和CD3、CD4、CD8等淋巴细胞表面分子阳性细胞的百分率,以及血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平,并对各项指标进行相关分析.结果与轻度职业应激组血清GCs含量[(181.01±53.41)ng/ml]相比,重、中度职业应激组GCs含量明显增高[分别为(295.43±79.06)、(274.34±70.08)ng/ml],差异有显著性(P＜0.05);而外周淋巴细胞GR水平明显低于轻度职业应激组[分别为(4 330.0±1 001.0)、(3 971.6±966.8)、(5 141.3±1 068.5)位点/细胞],差异亦有显著性(P＜0.05);重度职业应激组T细胞CD3表达百分率明显低于轻度职业应激组[分别为(50.21±10.30)%、(56.87±15.36)%],差异有显著性(P＜0.05);重、中度职业应激组CD4百分率明显低于轻度职业应激组[分别为(23.27±10.01)%、(27.06±7.47)%、(33.31±7.77)%];而重、中度职业应激组的CD8百分率则明显高于轻度职业应激组[分别为(28.16±6.47)%、(25.54±6.70)%、(21.91±5.93)%],差异均有显著性(P＜0.05);重、中度职业应激组CD4/CD8比值明显低于轻度职业应激组[分别为(0.86±0.24)、(1.13±0.26)和(1.60±0.37)],同时,重度职业应激组的CD4、CD8的百分率及CD47/CD8比值与中度职业应激组的差异均有显著性(P＜0.05);重、中度职业应激组血清IL-2水平明显低于轻度职业应激组[分别为(0.77±0.05)、(0.80±0.07)、(1.05±0.12)ng/ml],差异有显著性(P＜0.05).相关分析结果表明,血清皮质醇含量与CD8百分率之间具有明显的相关关系(r=-0.612,P＜0.01).结论慢性职业应激可导致人体糖皮质激素水平升高和GR水平下调,对机体免疫功能具有抑制作用.     

Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure among women: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adult women. METHODS: Studies were retrieved from computer searches (MEDLINE, Sport Discus, Current Contents) and bibliographies of retrieved articles were cross-referenced. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized trials, (2) aerobic activity as the primary exercise intervention, (3) comparative nonexercise control group included, (4) changes in resting systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure assessed for women ages 18 and older, and (5) studies published in English-language journals between January 1966 and January 1998. The primary outcomes retrieved in this study were changes in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculated as the difference (exercise minus control) of the changes (initial minus final) in these mean values. RESULTS: Ten studies representing 732 subjects and 36 primary outcomes (19 systolic, 17 diastolic) met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, an approximate 2% decrease in resting systolic and 1% decrease in resting diastolic blood pressure were observed (systolic,;x +/- SD = -2 +/- 2.6 mm Hg, 95% bootstrap confidence interval -3 to -1 mm Hg; diastolic,;x +/- SD = -1 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, 95% bootstrap confidence interval -2 to -1 mm Hg). CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise results in small reductions in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adult women. However, a need exists for additional, well-designed studies on this topic, especially among hypertensive adult women.     

Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate

Flavanols from chocolate appear to increase nitric oxide bioavailability, protect vascular endothelium, and decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We sought to test the effect of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (FRDC) on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). After a run-in phase, 19 hypertensives with IGT (11 males, 8 females; 44.8 +/- 8.0 y) were randomized to receive isocalorically either FRDC or flavanol-free white chocolate (FFWC) at 100 g/d for 15 d. After a wash-out period, patients were switched to the other treatment. Clinical and 24-h ambulatory BP was determined by sphygmometry and oscillometry, respectively, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oral glucose tolerance test, serum cholesterol and C-reactive protein, and plasma homocysteine were evaluated after each treatment phase. FRDC but not FFWC ingestion decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; P < 0.0001) and increased insulin sensitivity (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), ISI(0); P < 0.05) and beta-cell function (corrected insulin response CIR(120); P = 0.035). Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP decreased (P < 0.0001) after FRDC (SBP, -3.82 +/- 2.40 mm Hg; DBP, -3.92 +/- 1.98 mm Hg; 24-h SBP, -4.52 +/- 3.94 mm Hg; 24-h DBP, -4.17 +/- 3.29 mm Hg) but not after FFWC. Further, FRDC increased FMD (P < 0.0001) and decreased total cholesterol (-6.5%; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol (-7.5%; P < 0.0001). Changes in insulin sensitivity (Delta ISI - Delta FMD: r = 0.510, P = 0.001; Delta QUICKI - Delta FMD: r = 0.502, P = 0.001) and beta-cell function (Delta CIR(120) - Delta FMD: r = 0.400, P = 0.012) were directly correlated with increases in FMD and inversely correlated with decreases in BP (Delta ISI - Delta 24-h SBP: r = -0.368, P = 0.022; Delta ISI - Delta 24-h DBP r = -0.384, P = 0.017). Thus, FRDC ameliorated insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, decreased BP, and increased FMD in IGT hypertensive patients. These findings suggest flavanol-rich, low-energy cocoa food products may have a positive impact on CVD risk factors.     

An oat-containing hypocaloric diet reduces systolic blood pressure and improves lipid profile beyond effects of weight loss in men and women

Hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight contribute substantially to cardiovascular disease risk. One of the most effective methods for improving high blood pressure and lipid profiles is loss of excess weight. Other recommendations for reducing cardiovascular risk include changes in dietary micronutrient, macronutrient and fiber intakes. To better define a diet for reduction in cardiovascular risk, 43 adults (body mass index 26.4 +/- 3.3, range 20.5-33.9 kg/m(2)) participated in an 8-wk study to determine the effects of two diets on weight, blood pressure, lipids and insulin sensitivity. For 2 wk, weight was maintained and all subjects consumed a control diet. For the next 6 wk, subjects consumed one of two hypocaloric diets (maintenance energy minus 4.2 MJ/d): the control diet (n = 21) or a diet containing oats [45 g/(4.2 MJ dietary energy. d), n = 22]. There was no significant difference between groups in changes in weight loss (control -4.0 +/- 1.1 kg, oats -3.9 +/- 1.6 kg, P = 0.8). The oats diet resulted in greater decreases in mean systolic blood pressure (oats -6 +/- 7 mm Hg, control -1 +/- 10 mm Hg, P = 0.026), whereas diastolic blood pressure change did not differ between the two groups (oats -4 +/- 6 mm Hg, control -3 +/- 5 mm Hg, P = 0.8). The oat diet resulted in significantly greater decreases in total cholesterol (oats -0.87 +/- 0.47 mmol/L, control -0.34 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.003) and LDL cholesterol (oats -0.6 +/- 0.41 mmol/L, control -0.2 +/- 0.41mmol/L, P = 0.008). In summary, a hypocaloric diet containing oats consumed over 6 wk resulted in greater improvements in systolic blood pressure and lipid profile than did a hypocaloric diet without oats.     

Effects of occupational noise exposure on blood pressure

We measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and 16-hour noise exposure continuously for 20 automobile workers, and used linear mixed-effects regression models to estimate transient and sustained effects of noise exposure on blood pressure. The occupational noise levels of the high-exposure workers with 85 +/- 8 dBA were significantly higher than those of the low-exposure workers with 59 +/- 4 dBA (P < 0.05). We found a significant difference of 16 +/- 6 mm Hg in sleep-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) existed between 2 exposure groups, and a marginal increase of 1 mm Hg SBP per 1-dBA increase in occupational noise exposure at a 60-minute lag time during work (P = 0.07). Occupational noise exposure had both transient and sustained effects on workers' SBP.     

Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest cardioprotective benefits of dark chocolate containing cocoa. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the acute effects of solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa intake on endothelial function and blood pressure in overweight adults. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover trial of 45 healthy adults [mean age: 53 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 30]. In phase 1, subjects were randomly assigned to consume a solid dark chocolate bar (containing 22 g cocoa powder) or a cocoa-free placebo bar (containing 0 g cocoa powder). In phase 2, subjects were randomly assigned to consume sugar-free cocoa (containing 22 g cocoa powder), sugared cocoa (containing 22 g cocoa powder), or a placebo (containing 0 g cocoa powder). RESULTS: Solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa ingestion improved endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated dilatation) compared with placebo (dark chocolate: 4.3 +/- 3.4% compared with -1.8 +/- 3.3%; P < 0.001; sugar-free and sugared cocoa: 5.7 +/- 2.6% and 2.0 +/- 1.8% compared with -1.5 +/- 2.8%; P < 0.001). Blood pressure decreased after the ingestion of dark chocolate and sugar-free cocoa compared with placebo (dark chocolate: systolic, -3.2 +/- 5.8 mm Hg compared with 2.7 +/- 6.6 mm Hg; P < 0.001; and diastolic, -1.4 +/- 3.9 mm Hg compared with 2.7 +/- 6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.01; sugar-free cocoa: systolic, -2.1 +/- 7.0 mm Hg compared with 3.2 +/- 5.6 mm Hg; P < 0.001; and diastolic: -1.2 +/- 8.7 mm Hg compared with 2.8 +/- 5.6 mm Hg; P = 0.014). Endothelial function improved significantly more with sugar-free than with regular cocoa (5.7 +/- 2.6% compared with 2.0 +/- 1.8%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The acute ingestion of both solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa improved endothelial function and lowered blood pressure in overweight adults. Sugar content may attenuate these effects, and sugar-free preparations may augment them.     

Long-term effects of a plant-based dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on blood pressure

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect on blood pressure of dietary advice to consume a combination of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods (dietary portfolio). METHODS: For 1 year, 66 hyperlipidemic subjects were prescribed diets high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy protein (22.5 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (10 g/1000 kcal) and almonds (22.5 g/1000 kcal). There was no control group. Seven-day diet record, blood pressure and body weight were monitored initially monthly and later at 2-monthly intervals throughout the study. RESULTS: Fifty subjects completed the 1-year study. When the last observation was carried forward for non-completers (n=9) or those who changed their blood pressure medications (n=7), a small mean reduction was seen in body weight 0.7+/-0.3 kg (P=0.036). The corresponding reductions from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 1 year (n=66 subjects) were -4.2+/-1.3 mm Hg (P=0.002) and -2.3+/-0.7 mm Hg (P=0.001), respectively. Blood pressure reductions occurred within the first 2 weeks, with stable blood pressures 6 weeks before and 4 weeks after starting the diet. Diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly related to weight change (r=0.30, n=50, P=0.036). Only compliance with almond intake advice related to blood pressure reduction (systolic: r=-0.34, n=50, P=0.017; diastolic: r=-0.29, n=50, P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: A dietary portfolio of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods reduced blood pressure significantly, related to almond intake. The dietary portfolio approach of combining a range of cholesterol-lowering plant foods may benefit cardiovascular disease risk both by reducing serum lipids and also blood pressure.     

大鼠海马中氟浓度与胆碱酯酶活力的关系

目的　研究氟在大鼠海马中的蓄积及其对胆碱酯酶活力的影响。方法　用氟化钠对大鼠进行亚慢性染毒 ,测定大鼠海马中氟浓度及胆碱酯酶活力。结果　大鼠海马内氟浓度与接触剂量呈正相关 ,高剂量组、低剂量组 [(1 3 .0 3± 1 .79)、(9.83± 0 .92 ) μg/g]与对照组 [(8.2 7± 1 .1 1 ) μg/g]比较或两剂量组间比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)活力高剂量组、低剂量组分别为 (0 .1 1 1± 0 .0 31 )、(0 .1 4 3± 0 .0 2 5) μmol/mg ,与对照组 (0 .1 83± 0 .0 2 7) μmol/mg比较或两剂量组间比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,且与海马内氟浓度呈负相关 (r=- 0 .70 0 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;丁酰胆碱酯酶(TChE)活力在高剂量组 [(0 .0 4 1± 0 .0 1 0 ) μmol/mg]与对照组 [(0 .0 67± 0 .0 2 5) μmol/mg]间比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ,与海马内氟浓度的负相关关系不明显 (r =- 0 .31 7,P =0 .0 94)。结论　氟可透过血 脑屏障在大鼠海马内蓄积 ,进而抑制胆碱酯酶活力