辽宁省城乡居民30年间出生期望寿命差异分析

目的 分析30年间辽宁省城乡居民出生期望寿命的变化及主要疾病死亡率对期望寿命年代差异的影响.方法 应用简略寿命表法、期望寿命差异的年龄分解和死因分解法分析辽宁省城乡居民1973-1975年和2004-2005年的死亡数据,以死亡率变化对出生期望寿命年代差异的贡献值及百分比为分析指标.结果 30年间辽宁省城市、农村居民期望寿命分别增加了4.68岁和4.91岁,女性增幅显著大于男性.0～4岁和55～74岁组人群死亡率下降对城乡居民期望寿命增加的贡献比例最大,男性为76.27%和82.81%,女性为58.76%和62.13%.呼吸系统疾病和传染病是对期望寿命年代差异贡献最大的两类疾病;呼吸系统疾病死亡率下降对不同人群期望寿命增加的贡献比例为62.20%(城市女性)～85.39%(农村男性),传染病的贡献比为16.70%(城市女性)～36.26%(农村男性).城乡居民心脏病死亡率、农村居民脑血管病和恶性肿瘤死亡率的增加对期望寿命年代差异的贡献率为负值.结论 呼吸系统疾病和传染病是影响30年间辽宁省城乡居民期望寿命差异的主要疾病,提高慢性非传染性疾病的防治水平是进一步提高居民期望寿命的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the impact of mortality by age and causes of death on life expectancy at birth among residents of Liaoning province.Methods The study included mortality data of urban and rural residents in two periods (1973-1975 and 2004-2005).Both Abridged Life Table and Arriaga method were used to calculate and to decompose life expectancy changes by age and causes of death.Results From 1975-2005,the life expectancy increased by 4.68 years in urban residents and 4.91 for rural residents with a higher increment among females than males.Most part of the increase (76.27% and 82.81% for urban and rural male,58.76% and 62.13% for urban and rural female) in life expectancy within the last 30 years could be explained by the decrease of mortality in the populations at age 0-4 and 55-74.Diseases related to respiratory system and infectious disease were contributing the most to the gap in life expectancy between the two periods.Mortality of heart disease was a negative contributor to the changes in life expectancy among both rural and urban residents while the mortalities of cerebro-vascular diseases and malignant tumors were the negative contributors for rural residents.Conclusion The increase of life expectancy in the last 30 years was mainly resulted from the decrease of mortality on both respiratory and infectious diseases.Control of chronic diseases is the key point to increase the life expectancy among the residents of Liaoning province.     

中国老年人口健康预期寿命性别差异多元变化趋势的研究:2020―2050年

  目的  分析2020―2050年中国老年人口健康预期寿命(health expectancy,HE)及其性别差异的变化趋势,为中国人口长寿和健康之间的关系及其性别差异在未来的发展趋势提供证据和线索。  方法  基于2010年人口普查数据和1987年、2006年全国残疾人抽样调查数据,使用多状态人口预测模型(population-development-environment Analysis, PDE)和流行病学计算方法预测了死亡率和残疾率。使用Sullivan方法估计了2020―2050年50岁及以上人口分性别、年龄的无残疾预期寿命(disability-free life expectancy, DFLE)和伴随残疾预期寿命(life expectancy with disability, LwD)。  结果  中国老年人口的预期寿命(life expectancy,LE)在2020―2050年持续上升。其中,女性中LE的上升由LwD的上升所主导,而男性中DFLE的贡献略高。在75岁以下的女性和65岁以下的男性中呈现“功能残障扩张”且男性中更不明显;整个研究期间,80岁及以上女性的余寿中会有超过一半的时间伴随残疾度过,占比高于男性。女性的DFLE高于男性,绝对性别差异整体上随时期缩小,但在高龄老人中相对保持稳定;女性DLFE的占比低于男性,在2040年之后相对差异开始缩小,且在高龄老人中更明显。  结论  未来中国老年人口的功能状况可能会不断恶化。虽然在2040年之后DFLE的相对性别差异开始缩小,但这建立在LwD占比较高的情况下。在重点关注女性高龄老年人的功能状况的同时,应尽快建立起完备的长期照护体系。     

山东省蓬莱市2006-2007年道路交通伤害疾病负担分析

目的 综合评价蓬莱市道路交通伤害的健康和社会经济负担.方法 以蓬莱市2006-2007年居民死亡原因登记系统中数据和伤害抽样调查资料为基础,估计道路交通事故导致的死亡和伤残现状,按照全球疾病负担研究中伤残调整寿命年(DALY)公式,利用直接法测算疾病健康负担,并评价道路交通伤害的经济负担.结果 蓬莱市平均每年因道路交通伤害造成31 373.04个健康寿命年损失,相当于每1000人损失70.59个健康寿命年;男性健康寿命年损失高于女性;15～44岁年龄段青壮年健康寿命年损失最高,占全部寿命损失的一半以上;DALY主要由失能所致的寿命损失年(YLD)构成(占79.45%).两年间总经济损失为21.85亿元,占同期GDP总量的4.89%,其中间接经济损失达21.52亿元,占全部损失的98.45%,男性造成经济损失明显高于女性,15～59岁年龄段经济损失占全部损失的97.65%.结论 道路交通伤害严重影响蓬莱市居民身体健康,给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007.Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD) , health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula. The economic burden of RTI was evaluated. Results Average loss of the health life years (HLY) related to RTI was 31 373.04 per year. 70.59 HLY were lost per 1000 persons. Loss among the males was higher than females. The loss of DALY among the age group 15-44 years ranked the first place (39 209.71 HLY) which accounted for 62.42% of the total DALY. 79.45% of the total DALY were caused by disability. In 2006 and 2007 ,the economic loss caused by RTI was as high as 2.19 billion RMB, which accounted for 4.89% of the total amount of GDP while the indirect economic costs (2.15 billion RMB) accounted for 98.45% of the total costs in Penglai city. The economic loss of the males was obviously higher than the females and the loss by the group aged 15-59 years old accounted for 97.65% of the total. Conclusion RTI had severely influenced the health of the residents in Penglai city and brought heavy burden to the individuals,families as well as the society.     

An Analysis and Survey of Related Factors of Insulin Resistance in People with Normal Tolerance

ObjectiveTo explore the related factors of insulin re sistance in people with normal glucose tolerance.MethodsWe measured the levels of plasma glucose,insulin of fast and 2 hours after 75 g OGTT,fastin g total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride in 952 persons with normal glucose t olerance.ResultsInsulin susceptibility index(ISI) was significantly lower in the overweight,hypertension and abnormal triglyceride groups(P＜0 .01) when compared with the control group.Insulin resistance in people with lig ht physical activities was obviously higher than that in people with middle and heavy physical activities,and insulin resistance in smokers was much higher than that in non-smoking people.ConclusionInsulin resistance can be o bs erved in people with normal glucose tolerance,accompanied by over-weight,hypert ension and hyper-triglyceride.Smoking may increase insulin resistance,while spo rts might decrease it.     

Chinese adults′ cognition of respiratory diseases in Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030)CSCD

Objective To investigate the cognition of Chinese adults on respiratory health in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030). Methods From January 2022 to February 2022, the electronic questionnaire was distributed by using the two‑dimensional code on the Wechat platform. The questionnaire involving the respiratory health part of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) was conducted among people aged ≥18 years (except pregnant and postpartum women) in 32 provincial administrative regions in China. A total of 5 892 questionnaires were distributed, 4 754 valid questionnaires were recovered. Chi square test was used to analyze the basic situation of the survey subjects, the cognition of people in different regions to the content, the correlation between physical activity and age stratification, the correlation between smoking cessation and disease, and the common cognitive misunderstanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results Of the 4 754 subjects in this study, 3 462 were from urban area and 1 292 were from rural area. In terms of active participation in lung cancer screening, regular physical examination, no awareness of reducing risk factors exposure, isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, reduction of travel of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, wearing masks when contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, active learning of medical and health care knowledge, and timely medical treatment in case of health problems, the cognition status of people in the city was better than people in the rural areas (all P< 0.05). The compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 72.7% and 83.8%, respectively, among the population aged 18—64 years old; the compliance rates of moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity were 82.3% and 85.7%, respectively, among the population aged≥65 years old; the proportions of light intensity physical activity in people aged 18—64 and ≥65 years old were 65.2% and 87.6%, respectively. There was a correlation between whether the patients had respiratory diseases and whether they were troubled by respiratory diseases for a long time and their determination to quit smoking (all P<0.05); the rate of common misconceptions about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese adults was between 13.0% and 38.0%, and the rate of misconceptions among people with college education or above who believed that even if the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was improved and the diagnosis and treatment were standardized, the treatment of the disease was still ineffective was as high as 30.3%; in addition, the rate of two cognitive misunderstandings (when the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were mild, no intervention was needed; the medication can be discontinued when the symptoms were relieved) of people with college education or above were 24.2% and 25.8%, respectively, which were higher than those with primary school education and junior high school education (all P<0.05). Conclusions The cognition of Chinese adults on early screening of respiratory diseases, reduction of exposure to risk factors, prevention and control of tuberculosis, and acquisition of scientific knowledge in the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030) is generally poor. The participation of people <65 years old in high‑intensity physical activities is insufficient, and the cognition of people with high education level does not show advantages. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

湖北省部分地区农民工生活质量及相关影响因素调查

Objective The aim of the study was to understand the quality of life and the related factors of farmer workers in the countryside of Hubei province. Methods Purposive sampling was used to select 529 farmer workers and another 326 government workers were served as controls.'Group investigation' method was used in this study, t-test was used to compare the quality of life among farmer workers and the Chinese norm. SF-36 was used to measure the quality of life. Generalized linear regression model(GLM)and structural equation model(SEM)were applied to test the related factors. Results Quality of life among farmer workers in Hubei was significantly different from the norm of residents in Hangzhou. The quality of life among migrant workers was significantly lower than the government staff(PRP＜0.05, PBP＜0.05, PVT＜0.05)after controlling the confounding factors. Factors as age(B=-0.33), sex(B=-0.07), marital status(B=-0.10),sleeping habits(B=-0.16), fatigue(B=-0.12), life style(B=-0.05)and social status(B=0.93)etc. were related to the quality of life. Conclusion The quality of life among farmer workers was poor, and mainly affected by age, sex, marital status, sleeping habits, fatigue, lifestyle and social status. It is important to reduce the work load and making the work status and life style reasonable to better the quality of life among the farmer workers.     

湖北省部分地区农民工生活质量及相关影响因素调查

Objective The aim of the study was to understand the quality of life and the related factors of farmer workers in the countryside of Hubei province. Methods Purposive sampling was used to select 529 farmer workers and another 326 government workers were served as controls.'Group investigation' method was used in this study, t-test was used to compare the quality of life among farmer workers and the Chinese norm. SF-36 was used to measure the quality of life. Generalized linear regression model(GLM)and structural equation model(SEM)were applied to test the related factors. Results Quality of life among farmer workers in Hubei was significantly different from the norm of residents in Hangzhou. The quality of life among migrant workers was significantly lower than the government staff(PRP＜0.05, PBP＜0.05, PVT＜0.05)after controlling the confounding factors. Factors as age(B=-0.33), sex(B=-0.07), marital status(B=-0.10),sleeping habits(B=-0.16), fatigue(B=-0.12), life style(B=-0.05)and social status(B=0.93)etc. were related to the quality of life. Conclusion The quality of life among farmer workers was poor, and mainly affected by age, sex, marital status, sleeping habits, fatigue, lifestyle and social status. It is important to reduce the work load and making the work status and life style reasonable to better the quality of life among the farmer workers.     

2011—2021年重庆市九龙坡区结直肠癌疾病负担趋势分析

目的 分析重庆市九龙坡区结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)疾病负担特征及变化趋势,为CRC的防治提供建议。方法 收集2011—2021年重庆市九龙坡区CRC发病死亡资料,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件分析CRC的粗发病率、标准化发病率(age standardized rates of incidence by Chinese standard population,ASRIC)、死亡率、标准化死亡率(age standardized rates of mortality by Chinese standard population,ASRMC)、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)、早死所致的寿命损失年(years of life lost with premature death,YLL)、伤残所致寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)等指标。利用χ²检验比较不同性别间的发病率和死亡率;趋势变化用年度变化百分比(annual percent change...     

2010—2014年厦门市居民卵巢癌疾病负担分析

目的通过对厦门市居民卵巢癌疾病负担定量测算,了解不同年龄组的疾病负担及其变化趋势,为厦门市卵巢癌防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集2010—2014年厦门市居民卵巢癌死亡数据,运用早死所致的健康生命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)对卵巢癌疾病负担进行测量、分析。结果厦门市居民每千人口卵巢癌YLL、残疾所致的健康生命损失年(years lost due to disability,YLD)、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)分别为0.178、0.002、0.180;60~69岁组负担最重。结论 YLL是造成厦门市居民卵巢癌疾病负担的主要因素;30岁以上群体是重点防治人群。     

健康预期寿命研究进展

近年来,随着老年人口的增多和寿命的延长,寿命中的生命质量日益成为社会关注的热点.之前用于评估人群健康状态和决定老龄人口政策制订所采用的指标是预期寿命(life expectancy),但预期寿命只能反映生命的数量,无法反映生命的质量.     

Evaluation of methodologies for small area life expectancy estimation

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate methods for calculating life expectancy in small areas, for example, English electoral wards. DESIGN: The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the distribution of life expectancy (and its standard error) estimates for 10 alternative life table models. The models were combinations of Chiang or Silcocks methodology, 5 or 10 year age intervals, and a final age interval of 85+, 90+, or 95+. SETTING: A hypothetical small area experiencing the population age structure and age specific mortality rates of English men 1998-2000. PARTICIPANTS: Routine mortality and population statistics for England. MAIN RESULTS: Silcocks and Chiang based models gave similar estimates of life expectancy and its standard error. For all models, life expectancy was increasingly overestimated as the simulated population size decreased. The degree of overestimation depended largely on the final age interval chosen. Life expectancy estimates of small populations are normally distributed. The standard error estimates are normally distributed for large populations but become increasingly skewed as the population size decreases. Substitution methods to compensate for the effect of zero death counts on the standard error estimate did not improve the estimate. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that a population years at risk of 5000 is a reasonable point above which life expectancy calculations can be performed with reasonable confidence. Implications are discussed. Within the UK, the Chiang methodology and a five year life table to 85+ is recommended, with no adjustments to age specific death counts of zero.     

Life expectancy gap between the Francophone majority and Anglophone minority of a Canadian population

Language is an important determinant of health, but analyses of linguistic inequalities in mortality are scant, especially for Canadian linguistic groups with European roots. We evaluated the life expectancy gap between the Francophone majority and Anglophone minority of Québec, Canada, both over time and across major provincial areas. Arriaga’s method was used to estimate the age and cause of death groups contributing to changes in the life expectancy gap at birth between 1989–1993 and 2002–2006, and to evaluate patterns across major provincial areas (metropolitan Montréal, other metropolitan centres, and small cities/rural areas). Life expectancy at birth was greater for Anglophones, but the gap decreased over time by 1.3 years (52% decline) in men and 0.9 years (47% decline) in women, due to relatively sharper reductions in Francophone mortality from several causes, except lung cancer which countered reductions in women. The life expectancy gap in 2002–2006 was widest in other metropolitan centres (men 5.1 years, women 3.2 years), narrowest in small cities/rural areas (men 0.8 years, women 0.7 years), and tobacco-related causes were the main contributors. Only young Anglophones <40 years in small cities/rural areas had mortality higher than Francophones, resulting in a narrower gap in these areas. Differentials in life expectancy favouring Anglophones decreased over time, but varied across areas of Québec. Tobacco-related causes accounted for the majority of the current life expectancy gap.     

Years off Your Life? The Effects of Homicide on Life Expectancy by Neighborhood and Race/Ethnicity in Los Angeles County

Homicide is one of the leading causes of death in Los Angeles County and is known to be elevated in low-income urban neighborhoods and in black males. However, because homicide occurs primarily among young adults, mortality rate statistics may underrepresent its importance. We estimated the impact of homicide on life expectancy by demographic group and geographic area in Los Angeles County, 2001–2006. Life expectancy estimates were calculated using mortality records and population estimates for Los Angeles County. Cause elimination techniques were used to estimate the impact of homicide on life expectancy. Homicide was estimated to reduce life expectancy by 0.4 years for Los Angeles County residents and by 2.1 years for black males. The impact of homicide on life expectancy was higher in low-income neighborhoods. In some low-income urban neighborhoods, homicide was estimated to decrease life expectancy in black males by nearly 5 years. Homicide causes substantial reductions in life expectancy in Los Angeles County. Its impact is magnified among black males and in low-income urban areas, underscoring the need for homicide reduction in urban centers.     

United States life tables, 2003.

This report presents period life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 2003. Data used to prepare these life tables are 2003 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2003, population estimates based on the 2000 decennial census; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 2003, the overall expectation of life at birth was 77.5 years, representing an increase of 0.2 years from life expectancy in 2002. Between 2002 and 2003, life expectancy increased for males and females and for both the white and black populations. Life expectancy increased by 0.3 years (from 77.7 to 78.0) for the white population and by 0.4 years (from 72.3 to 72.7) for the black population. Both males and females in each race group experienced increases in life expectancy between 2002 and 2003. The greatest increase was experienced by black females with an increase of 0.5 years (from 75.6 to 76.1). Life expectancy increased by 0.2 years for black males (from 68.8 to 69.0), white males (from 75.1 to 75.3), and for white females (from 80.3 to 80.5).     

Global comparative assessments of life expectancy: the impact of migration with reference to Australia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of immigration on life expectancy in Australia for the period from 1981 to 2003, and to compare life expectancy of the Australian-born population with that of other countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). METHODS: Standard life-table methods using age-specific all-cause mortality and population data from 1981 to 2003 were used to calculate life expectancy at birth (e0) for the total Australian population (including migrants) and for people born in Australia (excluding migrants). Mean differences in life expectancy for each sex were compared using paired t-tests. Rankings of life expectancy among OECD countries were reassessed, and rank changes measured using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. FINDINGS: Life expectancy of males and females was significantly lower in the Australian-born group than in the total Australian population. During 1981 to 2003, there was a mean difference in life expectancy of 0.41 years (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.37-0.44; t(17) = 27.0; P < 0.0001) in males and 0.29 years (95% CI: 0.26-0.31; t(17) = 27.6; P < 0.0001) in females between the Australian-born and the total population. After excluding migrant groups, Australia no longer ranked among the top five OECD countries with the highest life expectancy in the two most recent years examined. CONCLUSION: While Australia has one of the highest life expectancies in the industrialized world, this is partly attributable to immigration of populations with low rates of mortality. This effect needs to be considered in international comparative assessments of mortality levels.     

Differences in disability-free life expectancy by gender and autonomous regions in Spain

BACKGROUND: Improvement of population health is the main aim and an important challenge for the health system. To monitor the population health indicators like disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) have been implemented. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the geographical distribution of DFLE according to autonomous regions in Spain. METHODS: Data of mortality, population and disability for the year 1999, provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), were used. To calculate DFLE by gender and region we used the Sullivan method that weights the expected time to live according to the status of disablement of the population. The standard error of DFLE, the expectation of disability and the proportion of time lived free of disability have also been estimated. RESULTS: In 1999 the DFLE at birth in Spain was 68.5 year for men and 72.2 years in women. Men lived proportionally more time free of disability than women (91% versus 87.7%) with an expectation of disability of 6.8 and 10.1 years respectively. Variability among regions was higher in DFLE than in life expectancy (LE). The regions with highest LE are not always those with the highest proportion of time lived without disability. CONCLUSIONS: Highest life expectancy does not always mean best health as it has been assumed currently. The DFLE indicator is a useful tool to show health status differences among the Spanish population.     

2016年重庆市恶性肿瘤早死概率及疾病负担分析

目的 分析重庆市恶性肿瘤早死亡概率及疾病负担,为开展肿瘤防治提供建议。 方法 采用SPSS 19.0分析2016年全死因中死于恶性肿瘤(ICD-10: C00.0-C97,D32.0-D33.9,D42.0-D43.9),统计分析死亡率、标化死亡率、早死概率、期望寿命损失年、早逝导致的寿命损失年(years of life lost due to premature mortality, YLLs)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)。 结果 2016年共计报告恶性肿瘤死亡56 073例,死亡率与标化死亡率为188.21/10⁵与148.99/10⁵。恶性肿瘤死亡率男性(248.94/10⁵)高于女性(125.43/10⁵)(χ²=77.761,P<0.001),农村(191.16/10⁵)高于城市(180.51/10⁵)(χ²=5.998,P<0.05)。恶性肿瘤早死概率为8.32%,恶性肿瘤早死概率男性(11.15%)高于女性(5.17%)(χ²=443.046,P<0.001),城市(8.52%)高于农村(8.34%)(χ²=384.175, P<0.001)。2016年重庆市恶性肿瘤导致的人均期望寿命损失年为3.17年,YLLs率为45.80年/1 000人,占全死因YLLs率的 30.18%,YLLs率男性(61.42年/1 000人)高于女性(20.17年/1 000人),农村(47.08年/1 000人)高于城市(42.47年/1 000人),AYLL为24.34人年。 结论 重庆市恶性肿瘤死亡率高,早死亡概率高,疾病负担重,政府应重视肿瘤防治工作。     

Northern Territory indigenous life expectancy improvements, 1967-2004

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of changes in life expectancy at birth for the Indigenous population of the Northern Territory (NT) over the period 1967-2004, and to determine which age-specific mortality rates were mostly responsible for such change. METHODS: Life expectancy at birth figures were obtained via life table calculations using a high-quality and internally consistent dataset of NT Indigenous deaths and populations covering the period 1967-2004. A life expectancy at birth age decomposition technique was then applied. RESULTS: Indigenous life expectancy at birth has risen considerably in the NT, increasing from about 52 years for males and 54 years females in the late 1960s to about 60 years for males and 68 years for females in recent years. Significantly, for NT Indigenous females the gap with total Australian life expectancy has narrowed. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to popular perception, Indigenous life expectancy in the Northern Territory has improved substantially from the late 1960s to the present. IMPLICATIONS: The widespread pessimism that surrounds Indigenous health and mortality is largely unfounded, at least for the NT. Although much remains to be done to reduce Indigenous mortality, the results in this paper demonstrate that improvements are occurring and that sustained and increased effort is worthwhile and will succeed.     

United States life tables, 1998.

The life tables in this report are current life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 1998. Data used to prepare these life tables are 1998 final mortality statistics; July 1, 1998, population estimates; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 1998 the overall expectation of life at birth was 76.7 years, an increase of 0.2 years compared with life expectancy in 1997. Life expectancy increased from 1997 to 1998 for each of the four race-sex groups for which life expectancy is reported. Life expectancy increased for black males by 0.4 year (from 67.2 to 67.6), for black females by 0.1 year (from 74.7 to 74.8), for white males by 0.2 year (from 74.3 to 74.5), and for white females by 0.1 year (from 79.9 to 80.0).     

National health objectives for the year 2000: the demographic impact of health promotion and disease prevention.

BACKGROUND. The national objectives in Healthy People 2000, drafted by health professionals aware of currently available public health interventions, represent a wealth of information about near-term future mortality and morbidity. METHODS. Life table methods were used to calculate the impact of projected changes in mortality and activity limitation rates on life expectancy and expected disability years. RESULTS. Meeting the mortality objectives would increase life expectancy at birth by 1.5 to 2.1 years, raising life expectancy to 76.6 to 77.2 years. In addition, meeting the target for disability from chronic conditions would increase the number of years of life without activity limitations from 66.8 years to 69.3-69.7 years. If the targets for coronary heart disease and unintentional injury were changed to reflect recent trends, a greater improvement in life expectancy at birth would be achieved: from 1.8 to 2.7 years to 76.9 to 77.8 years. CONCLUSION. Meeting the targets would have an important demographic impact. Including changes in the coronary heart disease and injuries targets, life expectancy in the year 2000 would be above the middle of the ranges used in current Census Bureau projections.