中国5城市女性性工作者使用新型毒品及梅毒感染调查

目的 了解中国不同地区女性性工作者(FSW)人群新型毒品使用情况及其对梅毒感染的影响。方法 5个调查城市(长春、兰州、武汉、杭州、广州)分别绘制FSW人群活动场所分布图,并将场所分层按比例抽取FSW,进行问卷调查和梅毒血清学检测。采用logistic回归模型分析梅毒感染和新型毒品使用的相关因素。结果 共招募1 630名FSW,其中120人(7.4%)过去12个月曾使用过新型毒品,梅毒感染率为5.4%(88/1 630)。FSW使用新型毒品组梅毒感染率为6.7%(8/120),与未使用新型毒品组感染率(5.3%,80/1 509)的差异无统计学意义。多因素logistic逐步回归分析结果显示调查地点、户口所在地、婚姻状况、受教育程度、过去12个月有性病症状、过去12个月曾注射吸毒与使用新型毒品相关。结论 FSW中新型毒品使用率较高,需更多研究探讨使用新型毒品对艾滋病/性病传播的影响。     

No association between body size and frequency of sexual intercourse among oral contraceptive users

PurposeThis study aimed to describe the frequency of sexual intercourse and whether body size was associated with weekly sexual intercourse among a diverse group of women using oral contraceptives.MethodsThis longitudinal prospective cohort study recruited participants (n = 185) from several clinics in Charlotte, NC. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used as measures of body size and sexual intercourse frequency was determined from self-reported information provided on daily diaries. Mean monthly frequencies of sexual intercourse were calculated and linear mixed models were used to assess if means remained constant over time. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsMean monthly frequency of sexual intercourse was similar for women classified as normal or underweight or obese by BMI during each month of data collection but was highest for women classified as overweight. After adjustment, obesity–sexual intercourse associations were attenuated (BMI ≥30 vs. <25.0: OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.43–1.42 and WHR ≥ 0.85 vs. <0.85: OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.62–2.01).ConclusionsThis study found no association between BMI or WHR and weekly sexual intercourse. However, more research is warranted given the importance of this possible relationship for future studies of fertility, contraceptive effectiveness, and sexual health.     

The role of family conflict on risky sexual behavior in adolescents aged 15 to 21

PurposeFamily conflict is related to numerous risky behavioral outcomes during adolescence; however, few studies have examined how family conflict is associated with risky sexual behavior during adolescence.MethodsData from 1104 adolescents aged 15 to 21 who completed the 2008 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed. Information on family conflict (family fighting and family criticizing) and sexual behavior (number of sexual partners in past year and use of contraception at last intercourse) was self-reported. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAfter adjustment, adolescents whose family members often fought had increased odds of not using contraception at last intercourse and having two or more sexual partners in the past year (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.04–1.88] and OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.23–2.14], respectively). Adolescents whose family members often criticized each other also had increased odds of not using contraception at last intercourse and having two or more sexual partners in the past year (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.12–1.90] and OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.96–1.55], respectively).ConclusionsFamily conflict was associated with risky sexual behaviors in this racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents. If confirmed in other studies, adolescents who experience family conflict may be an important population to target with information regarding safer sex practices.     

Bridging Populations—Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence in Clients and Partners of Female Sex Workers,Bangkok, Thailand 2007

The aim of this study is to estimate HIV prevalence and assess sexual behaviors in a high-risk and difficult-to-reach population of clients of female sex workers (FSWs). A modified variation of respondent-driven sampling was conducted among FSWs in Bangkok, where FSWs recruited 3 FSW peers, 1 client, and 1 nonpaying partner. After informed consent was obtained, participants completed a questionnaire, were HIV-tested, and were asked to return for results. Analyses were weighted to control for the design of the survey. Among 540 FSWs, 188 (35%) recruited 1 client, and 88 (16%) recruited 1 nonpaying partner. Clients’ median age was 38 years. HIV prevalence was 20% and was associated with younger age at first sexual experience [relative risk (RR) = 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–8.24] and condom use during last sexual encounter with regular partner (RR = 3.97, 95% CI 1.09–14.61). Median age of nonpaying partners was 34 years, and HIV prevalence was 15.1%. There were 56 discordant FSW–client pairs and 14 discordant FSW–nonpaying partner pairs. Condom use was relatively high among discordant FSW–client pairs (90.1%) compared to discordant FSW–nonpaying partner pairs (18.7%). Results suggest that sexual partners of FSWs have a high HIV prevalence and can be a bridge for HIV transmission to other populations. Findings also highlight the importance of initiating surveillance and targeted programs for FSW partners, and demonstrate a recruitment method for hard-to-reach populations.     

Birth Control Sabotage as a Correlate of Women's Sexual Health Risk: An Exploratory Study

IntroductionTo explore associations between birth control sabotage, a form of reproductive coercion, and women's sexual risk among women attending family planning health centers. Data were collected from a 2017 cross-sectional online survey of 675 women who attended Connecticut Planned Parenthood centers. Participants reported birth control sabotage; sexual risk (i.e., inconsistent condom use during vaginal and anal sex in the past 6 months, lifetime sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, lifetime exchange sex [trading sex for money, drugs, or other goods], and multiple sexual partners in the past 6 months); and sociodemographics. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between birth control sabotage and women's sexual risk.ResultsOne in six women (16.4%; n = 111) reported experiencing birth control sabotage. Women who reported birth control sabotage had a greater odds of ever having an sexually transmitted infection (adjusted odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–3.60; p = .003), ever engaging in exchange sex (adjusted odds ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–6.53; p = .020), and having multiple sexual partners in the past 6 months (adjusted odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–3.18; p = .006).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate increased engagement in sexual risk taking among women who reported birth control sabotage compared with women did not.     

Short-term sexual health effects of relationships with significantly older females on adolescent boys

PurposeTo examine the short-term effects on the sexual health of adolescent boys in age discordant relationships.MethodsWeighted logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Adolescent Health to determine the health effects of entry into an age discordant relationship on adolescent boys.ResultsResults indicate that boys involved in an age discordant relationship, in comparison with boys in a similar age relationship, had higher odds of having had sexual intercourse (OR = 2.92), having got a partner pregnant (OR = 1.89), having been diagnosed with STD (OR = 4.41), and having lost one's virginity (OR = 3.39). Analyses on the sexually active subset reveal no significant relationship between involvement in an age discordant relationship and birth control use broadly, or condom use specifically, at their most recent sexual intercourse.ConclusionIn general, entering into an age discordant relationship as a younger partner is associated with some adverse sexual health effects for adolescent boys. Thus, some outcomes that were demonstrated in previous research to be problematic for adolescent girls dating significantly older males are similarly problematic for adolescent boys dating older females.     

Immigration Measures and Reproductive Health Among Hispanic Youth: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997–2003

PurposeTo explore relationships between immigration measures and risk of reproductive and sexual events among U.S. Hispanic adolescents.MethodsWe examined generation status, language in the home and country of origin in relation to sexual activity, contraception, and childbearing among 1614 Hispanic adolescents, using nationally representative 1997–2003 longitudinal data. Multivariable analyses controlled for potentially confounding variables. Tests for effect modification by gender and Mexican origin were conducted.ResultsFewer first generation adolescents transitioned to sexual intercourse before age 18 (odds ratio [OR] = .80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .66–.98) and fewer first and second generation sexually active teens used contraceptives consistently at age 17 (OR = .32, 95% CI = .17–.60 and OR = .50, 95% CI = .31–.80, respectively) than third-generation teens. Language was similarly associated with the transition to sexual intercourse and contraceptive practices. Versus teens of Mexican origin, teens of Puerto Rican origin and origins other than Cuba and Central/South America had greater odds of becoming sexually active; youth of all origins except Central/South America had fewer multiple live births (OR = .14–.31). Gender modified the effects of generation on consistent use of contraceptives and condoms at age 17. Gender also modified the effect of country of origin on transitioning to sexual intercourse before age 18 years.ConclusionsResults expand on previous observations that generation, language, and country of origin are predictors of reproductive and sexual risks for Hispanic adolescents. These immigration measures may therefore be useful in targeting community and clinical preventive services.     

2009—2013年广东省女性性工作者人群梅毒感染状况分析

目的评价广东省女性性工作者（FSW）中梅毒防控工作效果,为后期工作调整干预措施及策略提供理论依据。方法对2009年1月-2013年12月广东省皮肤性病防治系统性病艾滋病高危人群干预工作中的FSW的梅毒感染检测结果进行分析。结果2009-2013年广东省共检测FSW 34 338人次,其中高档FSW 23 816人次（69.36%）,中档8 811人次（25.66%）,低档1 711人次（4.98%）。2009年高、中、低档FSW的梅毒感染率分别为2.60%、7.36%、10.54%,2013年分别为1.45%、2.75%、21.88%;χ2趋势检验结果显示,2009-2013年期间,高档及中档FSW中的梅毒感染率均呈下降趋势（χ2值分别为12.807、52.333,均P<0.001）,而低档FSW中的梅毒感染率则一直保持在较高状态(χ2=0.027,P=0.87)。2013年不同档次FSW之间的梅毒感染率差异存在统计学意义（χ2=190.64,P<0.001）;珠三角、粤东、粤西及粤北3个片区之间的FSW梅毒感染率差异无统计学意义（χ2=5.24,P=0.07）。结论不同档次的FSW之间梅毒感染率存在较大差异;低档FSW中存在较高的梅毒感染率,且梅毒检测覆盖人数较少。     

四川省某市商业性服务男性顾客艾滋病相关行为研究

目的　了解商业性服务男性顾客的社会人口学特征、艾滋病相关行为及其影响因素。方法　通过女性性服务者中的志愿者以及性病门诊、长途汽车站、长途货运站和采用提名法 5种途径接近调查对象 ,对其进行匿名问卷调查 ,所得资料用非条件及多分类logistic逐步回归模型进行分析。结果　 (1)商业性服务男性顾客大多为 2 0～ 4 5岁 ,初中文化以上的已婚成年男性 ,职业多样 ;(2 )最近1年性交易次数为 1～ 2 4 0次不等 ,平均 2 4次 ,且与职业 (司机、无业和个体经营者 )及朋友或同事性交易比例呈显著正相关 ;(3)最近 1年商业性行为中每次使用安全套比例为 2 7.98% ,与艾滋病预防传播知识得分、性交易场所 (中档场所 )和调查对象居住地 (本省其他地区和外省 )呈显著正相关 ;(4)2 8.36 %的调查对象曾患性病 ,性病史与最近 1年性交易次数和感染艾滋病的风险意识呈显著正相关 ,与商业性行为中安全套使用频率呈显著负相关。结论　商业性服务男性顾客人群安全套坚持使用率低 ,有相当部分曾患性病 ,应主动对该类人群采取针对性干预措施。     

A Momentary Sampling Study of the Affective Experience Following Coital Events in Adolescents

PurposeTo describe the affective experience following sexual intercourse among sexually active adolescents. We hypothesized that these youth would experience more positive and less negative affects following sexual intercourse than at other times in their daily lives.MethodsApproximately every 3 waking hours, sexually active adolescents aged 15–21 years used a handheld computer to report current affect and recent sexual intercourse in response to random signals. Participants also completed a report after sexual intercourse. Affect was determined by eight states, as well as composite variables for positive and negative affect. Generalized estimating equations compared affect on reports that did and did not include sexual intercourse. Each model included average affect, affect variability (standard deviation), and significant interactions with the occurrence of sexual intercourse. Based on their distribution, outcome variables were modeled as presence/absence of affect.ResultsSixty-seven youth completed 1385 random and 392 event reports. There were 266 unique coital reports (median 2.6/participant/week); 94% were with a main partner and 49% involved condom use. Youth were more likely to report positive affect and less likely to report negative affect when they were also reporting recent sexual intercourse, as compared to noncoital reports. In multivariate analyses, participants had greater odds of reporting well being and alertness and lower odds of reporting stress and anger following sexual intercourse compared to other times.ConclusionsAdolescents report improvement in specific positive and negative affective states following sexual intercourse. Determining how feeling more positive and less negative after sexual intercourse may motivate or reinforce sexual intercourse will be important in understanding adolescent sexual behavior.     

Sexual Function among Women in Midlife: Findings from the Nurses’ Health Study II

BackgroundWomen's sexual well-being is an important determinant of overall health and quality of life across the life course. Yet the factors associated with women's levels of sexual activity and sexual function in midlife are little understood. This study sought to assess the prevalence of recent sexual activity and sexual dysfunction symptoms among middle-aged women and evaluate the associations of partner status, menopause, and health status factors with sexual dysfunction.MethodsParticipants of this cross-sectional study were 68,131 women who responded to the 2013 Nurses’ Health Study II observational cohort questionnaire when they were age 48–68 years. Sexual activity and dysfunction symptoms were assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index. Age-adjusted multivariable regression models estimated risk ratios for the association of health-related factors with past month sexual dysfunction symptoms among women who were sexually active over the past month, overall and stratified by partner status.ResultsOf middle-aged women participants, 73% were sexually active (n = 49,701) and 50% of sexually active women reported symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction were less common among unpartnered than partnered women (42% vs. 51%; p < .0001). A positive association between menopause and sexual dysfunction was greater for unpartnered women (risk ratio, 2.37, 2.99; p < .001) than partnered women (risk ratio, 1.89, 2.00; p < .001).ConclusionsDifficulty with sexual function is common among women in midlife, but less so than previously estimated. Regular monitoring of women's sexual function could enable clinicians to offer women timely, supportive interventions tailored by partner status and menopausal status.     

Contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse among adolescent and young adult women with disabilities: The role of formal sex education

ObjectivesThis study examines receipt of formal sex education as a potential mechanism that may explain the observed associations between disability status and contraceptive use among young women with disabilities.Study designUsing the 2011?2017 National Survey of Family Growth, we analyzed data from 2861 women aged 18 to 24 years, who experienced voluntary first sexual intercourse with a male partner. Women whose first intercourse was involuntary (7% of all women reporting sexual intercourse) were excluded from the analytic sample. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the indirect effect of receipt of formal sex education before first sexual intercourse on the association between disability status and contraceptive use at first intercourse.ResultsCompared to nondisabled women, women with cognitive disabilities were less likely to report receipt of instruction in each of 6 discrete formal sex education topics and received instruction on a fewer number of topics overall (B = ?0.286, 95% CI = ?0.426 to ?0.147), prior to first voluntary intercourse. In turn, the greater number of topics received predicted an increased likelihood of contraceptive use at first voluntary intercourse among these women (B = 0.188, 95% CI = 0.055?0.321). No significant association between noncognitive disabilities and receipt of formal sex education or contraceptive use at first intercourse was observed.ConclusionsGiven the positive association between formal sex education and contraceptive use among young adult women with and without disabilities, ongoing efforts to increase access to formal sex education are needed. Special attention is needed for those women with cognitive disabilities.     

Cervical Cancer Screening and Sexual Risky Behaviors among a Population of Hispanic Origin

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of cervical cancer screening through Papanicolaou (Pap) test utilization and its association with sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR).MethodsThis study was a secondary data analysis of the database of a cross-sectional study of HPV infection in PR (2010–2013; n = 554 women). Pap test utilization (past 3 years) was self-reported and sexual risky behavior was defined as an index that considered the following sexual behaviors: early age of sexual debut (≤16 years), 11 or more lifetime sexual partners, and 2 or more sexual partners in the last year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between sexual risk behavior and Pap test utilization, after adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyles characteristics.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Pap test utilization was 78.0%. Pap test screening varied with sexual behavior, with women with none or one risky sexual behavior having higher odds of Pap test utilization in the past 3 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.03–2.93) compared with those with two or three risky sexual behaviors. This difference remained marginally significant (p < .10) after adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status and STI history (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.96–3.08).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cervical cancer screening in this population (78%) is still below Healthy People 2020 recommendations (93%). Also, women with risky sexual behaviors are less likely to have been screened. Efforts to promote cervical screening programs should focus on these high-risk women as a method for cervical cancer prevention and control.     

Sexual Risk Behaviors among African-American and Hispanic Women in Five Counties in the Southeastern United States: 2008–2009

PurposeWe examined sexual risk behaviors and unrecognized HIV infection among heterosexually active African-American and Hispanic women.MethodsWomen not previously diagnosed with HIV infection were recruited in rural counties in North Carolina (African American) and Alabama (African American), and an urban county in southern Florida (Hispanic) using multiple methods. They completed a computer-administered questionnaire and were tested for HIV infection.ResultsBetween October 2008 and September 2009, 1,527 women (1,013 African American and 514 Hispanic) enrolled in the study. Median age was 35 years (range, 18–59), 33% were married or living as married, 50% had an annual household income of $12,000 or less, and 56% were employed full or part time. Two women (0.13%) tested positive for HIV. In the past 12 months, 19% had been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (other than HIV), 87% engaged in unprotected vaginal intercourse (UVI), and 26% engaged in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). In multivariate analysis, UAI was significantly (p < .05) more likely among those who reported ever being pregnant, binge drinking in the past 30 days, ever exchanging sex for things needed or wanted, engaging in UVI, or being of Hispanic ethnicity. UAI was also more likely to occur with partners with whom women had a current or past relationship as opposed to casual partners.ConclusionA high percentage of our sample of heterosexually active women of color had recently engaged in sexual risk behaviors, particularly UAI. More research is needed to elucidate the interpersonal dynamics that may promote this high-risk behavior. Educational messages that explicitly address the risks of heterosexual anal intercourse need to be developed for heterosexually active women and their male partners.     

Early Resumption of Sexual Intercourse after First Childbirth and Unintended Pregnancy within Six Months

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse after first childbirth and assess whether early intercourse is associated with unprotected intercourse, subsequent pregnancy, and unintended pregnancy over 6 months.MethodsThis secondary analysis used data from the First Baby Study, a prospective study of women aged 18–35 years with singleton pregnancies who delivered at 76 hospitals in Pennsylvania. At 1 and 6 months postpartum, women were asked about intercourse and the use of birth control since childbirth. We compared women who resumed intercourse in the first month after childbirth (early resumption) with those who resumed intercourse later, via multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsIn our cohort, 261 of 2,643 women (9.9%) reported first intercourse within the first postpartum month (7–31 days). Women who resumed intercourse early were less educated, younger, and less likely to breastfeed, have had a perineal laceration, or have had an episiotomy than those who resumed intercourse later. In addition, they were more likely to have unprotected intercourse in at least one of the first 6 months after first childbirth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–3.09); to be pregnant by 6 months postpartum (aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.48–6.20); and to report that pregnancy as unintended (aOR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.50–7.36).ConclusionsNearly 10% of women resumed intercourse in the first month after childbirth. Because early resumption of intercourse was associated with a greater likelihood of unprotected intercourse and unintended pregnancy within 6 months of first childbirth, clinicians should focus efforts on comprehensive family planning and contraception counseling beginning in the prenatal period.     

男男性行为者亲密伴侣暴力经历与高危性行为的相关性分析

目的 了解MSM中亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）经历情况并分析IPV经历与高危性行为的相关性。方法 2019年4-7月在济南市、青岛市和济宁市招募MSM进行面对面问卷调查,收集其人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识、最近1年IPV经历和6个月高危性行为等信息。采用EpiData 3.1和SPSS 24.0软件进行数据整理和统计学分析。结果 共调查MSM 1 122人,年龄（29.80±8.78）岁,未婚占68.1%（764/1 122）。最近1年有IPV经历的比例为9.8%（110/1 122）,来自济宁市和青岛市、本地居住时间>2年、寻找性伴场所为酒吧/浴室/公园、不知晓艾滋病防治知识、有吸毒行为、最近1年患过STD的MSM最近1年有IPV经历的比例较高（P<0.05）。最近6个月发生无保护肛交和群交行为的比例分别为49.0%（550/1 122）和20.9%（234/1 122）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,有IPV经历者最近6个月发生无保护肛交和群交行为的风险高于无IPV经历者（aOR=1.82,95%CI：1.14~2.91;aOR=3.30,95%CI：2.10~5.20）。结论 MSM中存在IPV现象,IPV经历与高危性行为存在正相关。应针对有IPV经历的MSM制定相应的干预措施,减少高危性行为的发生。     

Falling through the cracks: contraceptive needs of female sex workers in Cambodia and Laos

Background

Condom is the only method promoted for dual protection among female sex workers (FSWs) in most Asian countries, which may be insufficient to prevent pregnancies given FSWs' high frequency of sexual intercourse.

Study Design

Data were obtained from independent cross-sectional surveillance surveys conducted in Cambodia and Laos. Random samples of FSWs provided behavioral information.

Results

Respondents numbered 592 in Cambodia and 1421 in Laos. In Cambodia, 28.2% had abortions in the past year despite reporting 99.0% condom use at last commercial sex. Abortion increased with the number of clients, inconsistent condom use, recent condom breakage and recent forced unprotected sex with clients. In Laos, 26.0% of all FSWs had ever aborted as had 89.4% of those who had been pregnant in the past 6 months.

Conclusions

FSWs experience higher frequency of abortion than women from the general population. FSWs' reportedly high rate of condom use is insufficient to prevent pregnancies.     

Anal human papillomavirus among men who have sex with men in three metropolitan cities in southern China: implications for HPV vaccination

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM), especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are at disproportionate risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Data about anal HPV prevalence among MSM in southern China are limited.MethodsMSM were recruited between January 1 and August 31, 2017 in three metropolitan cities: Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuxi. A self-completed tablet-based questionnaire was used to collect information about socio-demographic/sexual behavioral characteristics, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and recreational drug use. An anal brush was used to collect exfoliated cells for HPV DNA testing and genotyping, and a blood sample was taken for HIV testing. Penile/anal warts were checked by a clinician.ResultsA total of 536 MSM were enrolled, including 39 HIV-positive and 497 HIV-negative individuals. Compared with HIV-negative MSM, prevalence of any HPV genotype (79.5% vs 46.7%), any high-risk genotype (64.1% vs 36.6%) and any nonavalent vaccine-preventable genotype (53.9% vs 31.6%) was significantly higher in HIV-positive MSM, with all P < 0.01. HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87–9.80), using recreational drugs (AOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22–2.87), having ≥ 3 years of sexual experience (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01–2.28), having ≥ 6 lifetime male partners (AOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.29–2.86), and engaging receptive anal intercourse (AOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.48–3.57) were associated with higher anal HPV prevalence. Any HPV prevalence increased with age, from 24.5% at < 20 years to 55.8% at ≥ 40 years.ConclusionsAnal HPV prevalence was high among MSM in southern China, significantly associated with HIV status and sexual experience. HPV prevalence increased with age among MSM. A targeted HPV vaccination program for teenage MSM might be necessary. Our findings will inform targeted HPV modelling among MSM in China.     

Association between Sexual Behaviors,Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in a National Sample of High School Students: Implications of a Sexual Double Standard

PurposeThe sexual double standard is the notion that women are more harshly judged for their sexual behaviors than men. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sexual double standard could explain gender differences in bullying victimization among adolescents and the extent to which that relationship correlated with depression and suicidal ideation.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using a sample of high school students (n = 13,065) from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional and national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were assessed using multiple logistic regression, gender-stratified analyses, and interaction terms.FindingsStudents who engaged in sexual intercourse (sexually active) had higher odds of being bullied. When this association was stratified by gender, odds of being bullying increased for girls (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.58–2.13) and decreased for boys (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77–1.16). Sexually active students who were bullied also displayed more than five times (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 4.71–6.78) the adjusted odds of depression and three times (adjusted OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.65–4.32) the adjusted odds of suicidal ideation compared with students who reported neither of those behavioral characteristics. When stratified by gender, girls had slightly higher odds of depression and suicidal ideation but overall, the odds remained strong for both genders.ConclusionsResults provide some evidence that a sexual double standard exists and may play a prominent role in bullying victimization among girls. Therefore, addressing the sexual double may be important to consider when tailoring school bullying intervention programs.     

基于暗娼收集性伴精液检测HIV的可行性及相关因素分析

目的 探讨通过女性性工作者(FSWs)的男性伴安全套中的精液(套存精液)进行HIV检测的可行性及相关影响因素.方法 通过外展人员招募FSWs,对与之发生性行为的男性伴(嫖客或固定性伴)的套存精液进行HIV检测,然后对FSWs及其男性伴进行问卷调查,并对FSWs及其男性伴的静脉血进行HIV检测.结果 共招募了54名FSWs、57名嫖客和43名固定性伴,FSWs、嫖客及固定性伴血清学HIV阳性率分别为33.33%、29.82%和23.26%;嫖客和固定性伴精液HIV阳性率分别为40.35%和30.23%,这两类精液的HIV抗体检测灵敏度均为100%,特异度分别为85.00%和90.91%.单因素分析显示,FSWs自我报告共用注射器吸毒行为及男性伴有子女这两个因素与血液和精液HIV抗体检测不一致有关.结论 套存精液HIV抗体检测特异度较低,其原因可能为套存精液标本受到HIV阳性FSWs的污染,所以基于FSWs收集男性伴套存精液进行HIV检测可能高估这两类人群的HIV感染率.