2000-2011年邢台市儿童HIV感染状况调查

目的掌握邢台市儿童HIV感染状况。方法对2000-2011年邢台市检出的109例具有母婴传播危险因素HIV阳性育龄妇女及其所生的155例子女进行流行病学调查,并采集血样进行HIV抗体检测。结果 155例子女中,检出儿童HIV感染者48例。母婴传播感染率为30.1%(48/155)。155例中有母乳喂养史119例,检出HIV感染43例,母乳喂养感染率为36.1%(43/119)。存在单纯母乳喂养因素和宫内、分娩、母乳3个因素的感染率分别为36.8%(32/87)、34.4%(11/32);人工喂养感染率为13.9%(5/36)。存在母乳喂养因素的母婴传播组HIV感染率36.1%(43/119)显著高于人工喂养的母婴传播组13.9%(5/36)。儿童HIV感染者年龄以6~12岁为主,占83.3%;感染者主要分布在沙河市40例,占83.3%;母乳喂养为主要感染途径,占感染者总数的89.6%(43/48);母乳喂养时间较长,平均2周岁;导致艾滋病儿童死亡直接原因分别为多器官功能衰竭、呼吸衰竭、脑水肿。结论母乳喂养是邢台市儿童感染HIV的主要途径。     

我国HIV感染者合并感染HBV现况

目的通过文献回顾,了解我国HIV感染者中HBV感染的流行特征。方法通过对2010-2019年文献检索、文献筛选、质量评价等过程,收集我国有关HIV感染者合并感染HBV的研究文献,对符合纳入标准的文献提取相关数据后进行Meta分析。结果共纳入27项研究,合并样本量为69816例;我国HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率为11.29%,西部地区(10.73%)和南部地区(14.18%)的合并感染率较高,北部地区(6.36%)最低;血液或血液制品传播、注射吸毒传播、同性性传播、异性性传播、传播途径不详和母婴传播的HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率分别为11.22%、12.76%、9.58%、11.32%、10.34%和2.87%。在HIV各种传播途径中,经母婴传播的HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率最低;南部地区男性HIV感染者的HBV感染率是女性的1.29倍。结论我国HIV感染者的HBV感染率明显高于普通人群的HBV感染率;应加强HIV/HBV共感染者的预防控制。     

南阳市15岁以下儿童艾滋病感染现状分析

目的了解南阳市15岁以下艾滋病感染儿童感染途径构成情况和抗病毒治疗情况,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法对南阳市艾滋病疫情网络直报数据库中年龄≤15岁的感染者资料进行分析。结果母婴传播途径感染是15岁以下儿童感染HIV的主要传播途径(占87.14%);1998年后无受血传播病例报告,2005年以后母婴传播病例逐年减少;接受抗病毒治疗者病死率(8.33%)明显低于未接受治疗者(45.45%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论通过采取以切断血液传播和母婴传播途径为主的干预措施,儿童感染HIV病例呈逐年减少趋势,但由于女性感染者不断增多,母婴传播的隐患仍然存在,预防母婴传播仍是今后防艾工作的重点之一。抗病毒治疗可有效降低患儿病死率,应积极开展儿童的预防和治疗工作。     

邢台市外来人口HIV感染现状分析

目的分析邢台市外来人口HIV感染现况以及对艾滋病流行趋势产生的影响,为艾滋病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对邢台市2002—2009年检测发现的外来人口HIV感染者进行流行病学调查和随访,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果截止至2009年底,全市共检出外来人口HIV感染者39例（其中AIDS患者18例）,占全市HIV感染者总数的11.8%（39/330）。感染者以农民居多,占76.9%（30/39）;年龄以20~39岁为主,占74.4%（29/39）,平均年龄33岁,男女性别比为1.29∶1。感染者以血液传播途径感染为主,占56.4%。4例通过性途径感染其配偶,2例通过母婴传播途径感染其子女。结论邢台市外来人口HIV感染者已经将HIV传入了本地,且已有HIV二代传播,并首次从外地抱养婴儿中发现HIV感染者。邢台市外来人口HIV感染者已对邢台市的艾滋病流行产生了一定的影响。     

南阳市15岁以下儿童艾滋病感染现状分析

目的了解15岁以下艾滋病感染儿童感染途径构成情况和抗病毒治疗情况,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法对南阳市艾滋病疫情网络直报数据库中年龄≤15岁的感染者资料进行分析。结果母婴传播途径感染是15岁以下儿童感染HIV的主要传播途径(占94.37%);1998年后无受血传播病例报告,2005年以后母婴传播病例逐年减少;接受抗病毒治疗者病死率(14.71%)明显低于未接受治疗者(48.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论通过采取以切断血液传播和母婴传播途径为主的干预措施,儿童感染HIV病例呈逐年减少趋势,但由于女性感染者不断增多,母婴传播的隐患仍然存在,预防母婴传播仍是今后防艾工作的重点之一。抗病毒治疗可有效降低患儿病死率,应积极开展儿童的预防和治疗工作。     

1990～2003年汕头市HIV/AIDS流行病学分析

目的　分析汕头市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染和发病态势,为进一步开展艾滋病防制工作提供依据。方法　对1990～2 0 0 3年汕头市的常规监测、哨点监测和流行病学调查资料进行综合分析。结果　汕头市自1990年发现首例HIV感染者,至2 0 0 3年共发现HIV感染者6 3例,感染率为0 17‰(6 3/ 36 0 2 79) ;死亡2 3例。感染者以青壮年(2 0～39岁)为主,占71 4 3% ;男女性别比为6 87∶1;传播途径以性接触为主,占6 9 80 %。吸毒人员中静脉注射和共用注射器比例分别为4 0 0 %和11 80 % ,吸毒人员HIV感染率为0 34% (6 / 1773)。结论　目前汕头市处于艾滋病的低流行期,是预防和控制艾滋病的关键时期,在高危人群中开展宣传教育、行为干预是有效遏制艾滋病传播和流行的根本措施     

广西自治区HIV母婴传播状况及预防策略

目的:了解广西自治区孕产妇HIV感染及母婴传播情况,为制订艾滋病母婴传播综合防治措施和科学干预提供科学信息和依据。方法:对2007～2010年孕产妇监测资料进行分析,对从妇幼保健机构进行孕期保健的孕产妇抽取3～5 ml的静脉血采用WHO推荐的2次血清酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法进行HIV抗体检测。结果:2007～2010年共筛查1 360 584例孕产妇,检出HIV感染1 421例,HIV感染率为0.10%,其中2007～2010年孕产妇HIV感染率分别为0.29%、0.25%、0.01%和0.06%。2007～2010年母婴传播的例数分别为87、101、181、147例,母婴传播的构成比分别为0.90%、1.00%、1.50%和1.00%。2007～2010年0～4岁年龄组HIV感染者和患者分别为101、92、127和108例,分别占当年报告的全部HIV感染者和患者的1.09%(101/9 233)、0.88%(92/10470)、1.05%(127/12 065)和0.74%(108/14 644)。结论:广西自治区孕产妇HIV流行及母婴传播情况比较严峻,有必要采取有效的预防策略及措施控制其流行。     

母乳喂养与艾滋病毒的母婴传播

艾滋病毒(HIV)以每天5000名新感染者的速度传播,目前全世界已有1000万成人和100万儿童感染 HIV,估计至2000年将有4000万 HIV 感染者。HIV 感染者中3/4为异性性接触传播所致,妇女感染例数骤增且80%为育龄妇女,儿童 HIV 感染中80%为母婴传播,足见阻断母婴传播在控制艾滋病(AIDS)流行中具有十分重要的意义。可靠资料证实母乳可作为 HIV 母婴传播的媒介,本文简要综述母乳喂养在 HIV母婴传播中的意义、发生机理、影响因素和预防策略等方面的研究现状。     

昭通市1997-2007年艾滋病流行分析

目的了解昭通市艾滋病传播途径及不同人群流行特点和变化趋势。方法采用1997-2007年昭通市本地监测检出的艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染者统计表和艾滋病疫情专网报告的数据进行统计分析。结果1997-2007年该市HIV累计报告感染者914例,2002年前报告144例,2003-2007年累积报告HIV感染者770例,其中本地检出524例,占报告数的68.05%,外地报告246例,占报告数的31.95%。静脉吸毒260例,占33.8%,异性性接触155例,占20.1%,母婴传播20例,占2.6%,不详335例,占43.5%。报告感染率从1997年的0.19/10万上升到2007年的3.51/10万,外出务工人员感染率为23.43/10万。结论1997-2007年昭通市HIV感染和传播途径发生较大变化,感染率不断上升,感染人群从吸毒等高危人群快速向一般人群扩散,流动人口感染率快速上升。     

艾滋病病毒在有偿献血员家庭子代传播的回顾性研究

【目的】　研究艾滋病病毒通过父亲或母亲传播给子代的发生率及其影响因素。　【方法】　通过对中国中部地区某行政村有偿献血员家庭进行HIV筛查和回顾性问卷调查 ,根据有偿献血员献血地点、时间和子女的出生时间确定研究对象。　【结果】　共有 3 2个家庭 46名儿童符合入选标准 ,其中父亲HIV阳性而母亲阴性家庭 17个 ,儿童 2 5名 ,子代HIV感染发生率为 0 ;父亲HIV阴性而母亲阳性家庭 7个 ,儿童 12名 ,子代HIV感染率为16.67%;父母亲均为HIV阳性的家庭 8个 ,儿童 9名 ,子代感染率为 44 .44 %;父亲HIV阴性而母亲阳性的家庭与父母均为HIV阳性家庭的子代感染率差异无显著性 ,合并后子代HIV感染为 2 8.5 7%;HIV阳性儿童母亲HIV感染至怀孕前的时间显著少于HIV阴性儿童的母亲 ;有 3名HIV阳性儿童的感染发生在母乳喂养期。　【结论】　未见到HIV“父婴传播”存在 ,“母婴传播”概率为 2 8.75 %,母乳喂养是HIV母婴传播的一条重要途径     

Assessing the impact of the routine childhood hepatitis B immunization program and the need for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in Sierra Leone, 2018

Sierra Leone is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and thus recommends three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) from 6 weeks of age but does not recommend a birth dose (HepB-BD) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We evaluated impact of the existing HepB3 schedule and risk for MTCT of HBV. We conducted a community-based serosurvey among 4–30-month-olds, their mothers, and 5–9-year-olds in three districts in Sierra Leone. Participants had an HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid test; all HBsAg-positive and one HBsAg-negative mother per cluster were tested for HBV markers. We collected children’s HepB3 vaccination history. Among 1889 children aged 4–30 months, HepB3 coverage was 85% and 20 (1·3% [95% CI 0·8–2·0]) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 70% had received HepB3. Among 2025 children aged 5–9 years, HepB3 coverage was 77% and 32 (1·6% [1·1–2·3]) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 56% had received HepB3. Of 1776 mothers, 169 (9·8% [8·1–11·7]) were HBsAg-positive. HBsAg prevalence was 5·9% among children of HBsAg-positive mothers compared to 0·7% among children of HBsAg-negative mothers (adjusted OR = 10·6 [2·8–40·8]). HBsAg positivity in children was associated with maternal HBsAg (p = 0·026), HBV e antigen (p < 0·001), and HBV DNA levels ≥ 200 000 IU/mL (p < 0·001). HBsAg prevalence was lower among children than mothers, for whom HepB was not available, suggesting routine infant HepB vaccination has lowered HBV burden. Since HBsAg positivity in children was strongly associated with maternal HBV infection and most of the HBsAg-positive children in the survey received HepB3, HepB-BD may prevent MTCT and chronic HBV infection.     

2004年克拉玛依市2～6岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查

[目的]了解儿童HBV感染情况与乙肝表面抗体水平。[方法]2004年8月,对克拉玛依市2个区619名2-6岁入托体检儿童进行检测。[结果]619名儿童的HBsAg阳性率为0.16%,HBV感染率为11.47%。HBV感染率维吾尔族、汉族、其他少数民族儿童分别为3.70%、12.58%、13.33%（P〈0.05）;抗-HBs阳性率为34.89%,汉族、维吾尔族、其他少数民族儿童分别为37.53%、25.93%、22.22%（P〈0.05）,2-3岁、4-6岁儿童分别为29.24%、46.19%（P〈0.01）。[结论]克拉玛依市2-6岁儿童HBV感染率较低,抗-HBs阳性率较高。     

Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence among pre- and post-vaccine cohorts in Cambodia, 2017

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in most low income countries including Cambodia. This nationwide serosurvey was conducted to assess the impact of hepatitis B vaccination and to determine whether Cambodia met the WHO regional 2017 target of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence less than 1% in five-year-old children.Methods: A cross-sectional multi-stage cluster survey was conducted among children born during 2010–2012 and their mothers in Cambodia. HBsAg prevalence was estimated by rapid point-of-care testing, and demographic data, including vaccination history, was collected. Vaccine coverage in children and the prevalence of HBsAg among children and mothers was calculated taking into account the complex survey design. Factors associated with children’s failure to receive timely (within 24 h) vaccination were analysed by multivariate logistic analysis.Findings: A total of 2,520 children 5–7 years old and 2,028 mothers were recruited. In total, 78.4% of children received hepatitis B vaccination birth-dose (HepB-BD); of these, 58.7% were administered ≤ 24 h. Birth at home or “other” location were independent risk factors for children’s failure to receive timely HepB-BD. Overall HBsAg seroprevalence was 4.39% (95%CI: 3.53%–5.45%) among mothers and 0.56% (95%CI: 0.32%–0.98%) among children. The prevalence among children without hepatitis B vaccination was 4.62% (95%CI: 1.31%–14.97%). Among children with a HBsAg-positive mother, prevalence was 10.11% (95%CI: 5.41%–18.11%).Interpretation: Having achieved the 2017 target of less than 1% HBsAg prevalence among 5 years old children, Cambodia can now focus on eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Moreover, the high HBsAg prevalence among mothers suggests that routine screening with proper linkage to care and treatment is needed. Strengthening measures to improve vaccination coverage further and eliminate mother-to-child transmission by coordinated programming with other services offering additional HBV interventions will help move towards the global goal of hepatitis B elimination by 2030.Funding: As per sources of funding.     

The risk factors of transmission after the implementation of the routine immunization among children exposed to HBV infected mothers in a developing area in northwest China

We aimed to evaluate the present situation and possible risk factors of HBV transmission after the implementation of the routine immunization among children exposed to HBV infected mothers in a developing area in northwest China. Two hundred and twenty one HBsAg carrier mothers and 247 children born to them were finally recruited in Wuwei city, Gangsu province, China in 2010. Serum samples were taken from those HBsAg carrier mothers and their children. Children who had detectable HBsAg or HBV DNA were considered to be HBV infection. Conditional logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors of HBV mother-to-child transmission. Of the 247 children born to HBsAg carrier mothers, 8 (3.24%) were HBsAg positive, 15 (6.07%) were HBV DNA positive. The rate of HBV mother-to-child transmission was 7.29% (18/247). The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that maternal HBV DNA positive (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.38–16.98, p = 0.0140), the delayed injection of the first dose of HBV vaccine after premature birth (OR = 9.73, 95% CI: 1.78–53.21, p = 0.0087) and the missing use of HBV vaccine (OR = 8.29, 95% CI: 1.42–48.23, p = 0.0186) were significantly associated with an increased risk for HBV mother-to-child transmission. The rate of HBV infection of the children received HBV vaccine and HBIG together after birth (2.56%, 4/156) was lower than those children received HBV vaccine alone (11.39%, 9/79) (χ² = 7.83, p = 0.0052). In conclusion, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HBV was still high in the northwest of China. Besides the positivity of maternal HBV DNA and the missing of HBV vaccination after birth, the delayed injection of the first dose of HBV vaccine after premature birth was also a possible independent risk factor for HBV mother-to-child transmission. The HBV prevention and treatment guidelines should make it clear that all of the new born infants need to receive HBV vaccine injection after birth in 24 h, including the premature infants.     

驻马店市2001-2009年预防艾滋病母婴传播干预工作分析

目的 分析驻马店市开展预防艾滋病母婴传播干预工作以来,孕产妇人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况和母婴传播情况及工作成效.方法 2001年10月-2009年5月,在全市孕产妇人群开展HIV自愿咨询与检测,共检测339 866名孕产妇;对检测过程中发现的594例HIV抗体阳性孕产妇进行综合干预,对其分娩的326名婴儿实施干预措施并在满12个月和18个月进行HIV抗体检测.结果 检测发现594例HIV阳性孕产妇,阳性率为0.17%(594/339 866),孕产妇HIV抗体检测阳性率呈现逐年下降趋势,最高年份2002年为0.47%(37/7837),最低年份2008年为0.12%(86/73 343).594例阳性孕产妇中,自愿终止妊娠228例,占38.38%(228/594);继续妊娠的43例,占7.24%(43/594);产妇317例,占53.37%(317/594).317例阳性产妇共生产婴儿326名,实施母婴阻断298名,实施阻断措施比率为94.01%(298/317);326名婴儿中存活317名,其中满18个月者224名,接受检测221名,检测出HIV阳性7例,接受干预措施后的母婴传播率为3.17%(7/221).结论 通过开展预防艾滋病母婴传播干预工作,可及时掌握孕产妇人群中HIV的感染状况,能有效降低艾滋病母婴传播水平.     

四川省彝族聚居区1~13岁儿童HIV、HBV及HCV感染横断面调查

目的 了解四川省彝族聚居区1~13岁儿童HIV、HBV及HCV感染情况。方法 采用横断面调查设计,于2014-2015年在四川省彝族聚居区的4个乡镇开展横断面调查,对1~13岁儿童进行HIV抗体、HBV抗原和HCV抗体筛查,并进行实验室确认,估算调查样本量900人。采用Fisher确切概率法对不同乡镇、性别、年龄和民族的感染率进行比较,Bonferroni调整法进行多个样本感染率的两两比较。结果 共调查了677名1~13岁儿童,HIV、HBV和HCV感染率分别为1.03%（7/677,95%CI：0.42%~1.12%）、6.65%（45/677,95%CI：4.89%~8.79%）和0.15%（1/677,95%CI：0%~0.82%）。4个乡镇的儿童HIV感染率不同（P=0.000）;D乡儿童HIV感染率高于B乡,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。各年龄组、性别和民族儿童间HIV感染率差异无统计学意义。各乡、各年龄组、性别和民族的儿童HBV和HCV感染率差异均无统计学意义。5~9岁和10~13岁年龄组HBV病毒载量值的差异无统计学意义（U=115.000,P=0.967）。结论 四川省彝族聚居区1~13岁儿童存在较高的HIV和HBV感染率,应进一步采取措施遏制HIV和HBV母婴传播,宣传与推广乙肝疫苗接种。     

2013—2017年新疆伊犁州艾滋病母婴传播现状分析

目的 了解新疆伊犁州2013—2017年艾滋病母婴传播发生情况,探讨母婴传播的影响因素,为今后工作提供参考。 方法 收集2013—2017年新疆伊犁州HIV感染孕产妇及所分娩婴幼儿的相关信息。通过描述性分析, χ²检验了解HIV感染孕产妇及婴幼儿的一般特征,采用多因素logistic回归分析法,对HIV母婴传播的影响因素进行分析。结果 此次调查将2013年1月1日—2017年6月30日分娩的497例HIV阳性产妇及所分娩的496例活产婴幼儿纳入本次研究,截至2018年12月31日,471例婴幼儿已完成满18个月HIV抗体检测,其中阳性婴幼儿17例,阴性婴幼儿454例,失访11例,尚未检测HIV就死亡14例,HIV母婴传播率为3.61%,对死亡的婴幼儿进行校正后累计HIV母婴传播率为4.66%。HIV阳性产妇初检孕周＞12周(OR=4.567,95%CI:1.260~16.557)、婴幼儿未服用抗病毒药物(OR=13.115,95%CI:1.975~87.114)、母乳喂养(OR=10.105,95%CI:1.755~58.194)是HIV母婴传播的危险因素,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 实施有效的综合干预措施能显著降低HIV母婴传播率,应充分重视HIV母婴传播的主要影响因素,加强并完善伊犁州的预防艾滋病母婴传播综合干预措施。     

2015—2020年湖北省新生儿先天梅毒患病现状及其影响因素分析

  目的  了解湖北省梅毒感染孕产妇的流行病学特征及所娩儿童先天梅毒的患病情况,探讨发生先天梅毒的相关影响因素。  方法  收集2015年1月1日—2020年12月31日湖北省预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)母婴传播管理信息系统中报告的梅毒感染孕产妇的个案信息,对其人口学特征、梅毒的检测治疗情况和所娩儿童先天梅毒的患病情况进行分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析发生先天梅毒的影响因素。  结果  3 467例梅毒感染孕产妇的年龄为(29.79±5.43)岁,母婴传播率为3.17%(110例),接受过驱梅治疗的比例为73.35%(2 543例),规范治疗的比例为49.21%(1 706例),接受预防性治疗的梅毒暴露儿童占74.82%(2 594例)。多因素分析结果显示,产时/产后确诊梅毒感染(OR=1.879, 95% CI:1.237~2.853)、丈夫/性伴感染梅毒(OR=3.762, 95% CI:1.473~9.608)、妊娠末次非梅毒螺旋体血清学试验(简称非梅试验)效价≥1∶8(OR=8.908, 95% CI:1.840~43.131)、未进行治疗(OR=6.360, 95% CI:3.316~12.199)、进行一般治疗(OR=4.714, 95% CI:2.385~9.320)、暴露儿童接受预防性治疗(OR=0.559, 95% CI:0.369~0.846)和足月产(OR=0.496, 95% CI:0.300~0.821)是影响先天梅毒发病的独立因素(均有P＜0.05)。  结论  梅毒感染孕产妇的确诊时期、妊娠末次非梅试验效价、治疗情况、分娩孕周、丈夫/性伴梅毒感染状况和暴露儿童预防性治疗情况与先天梅毒的发生密切相关。早期明确诊断并规范开展驱梅治疗和暴露儿童预防性治疗有助于降低先天梅毒的发生。     

Integrated prevention of mother-to-child transmission for human immunodeficiency virus,syphilis and hepatitis?B virus in China

ProblemChina continues to face challenges in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV).ApproachIn 2010, a programme that integrated and standardized prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) efforts for HIV, syphilis and HBV was implemented in 1156 counties. At participating antenatal care clinics, pregnant women were offered all three tests concurrently and free of charge. Further interventions such as free treatment, prophylaxis and testing for mothers and their children were provided for HIV and syphilis.

Local setting

China’s national PMTCT HIV programme started in 2003, at which time there were no national programmes for perinatal syphilis and HBV. In 2009, the rate of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV was 8.1% (57/702). Reported congenital syphilis was 60.8 per 100 000 live births. HBV infection was 7.2% of the overall population infected.

Relevant changes

Between 2010 and 2013 the number of pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics with integrated PMTCT services increased from 5.5 million to 13.1 million. In 2013, 12.7 million pregnant women were tested for HIV, 12.6 million for syphilis and 12.7 million for HBV. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV fell to 6.7% in 2013. Data on syphilis transmission are not yet available.

Lessons learnt

Integrated PMTCT services proved to be feasible and effective, and they are now part of the routine maternal and child health services provided to infected women. The services are provided through a collaboration between maternal and child health clinics, the national and local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and general hospitals.     

新疆伊宁市O～7岁儿童HIV感染率横断面调查

目的 了解我国HIV感染的高发区新疆伊宁市0-7岁儿童HIV感染率及感染途径,为进一步制定儿童感染HIV的干预措施提供依据。方法 采集儿童手指血2滴,现场进行HIV抗体快速检查,对儿童HIV( )的母亲随访并进行血清学检查。结果 调查693名0-7岁儿童,HIV抗体阳性1人,HIV感染率0.15％,其母血清HIV抗体阳性,通过DNA序列测定,均为HIV-1 C亚型。结论 新疆伊宁市HIV的传播已从高危人群波及一般人群,并出现母婴传播,应采取有力的措施控制HIV传播。