居民情绪智力与抑郁、焦虑及压力的相关性研究

目的 本研究旨在调查湖南地区居民的情绪智力及抑郁、焦虑及压力现状，探讨情绪智力与抑郁、焦虑、压力的关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法在湖南5个地区抽取1 965名居民进行问卷调查，使用差异性检验、Pearson相关性分析及多元线性回归进行统计分析。结果 情绪智力得分为(119.93±20.66)分，抑郁分量表得分为(11.00±4.25)分，焦虑分量表得分为(11.26±4.17)分，压力分量表得分为(12.06±4.22)分，抑郁检出率为52.16%,焦虑检出率为80.00%;Pearson相关性分析结果表明情绪智力与压力、抑郁、焦虑呈负相关(均P<0.01),压力与抑郁、焦虑呈正相关(均P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示，性别、家庭平均年收入、压力、抑郁为居民情绪智力影响因素。结论 湖南地区居民的情绪智力水平受到多方面因素影响，情绪智力水平越高，抑郁、焦虑与压力水平越低。科普工作者应采取有针对性的干预措施，在居民中精准的开展情绪智力科普工作；有关部门应加快建立社会心理疏导机制，培养心理健康服务人才，健全心理服务体系，积极推进心理健康的科普工作。     

海军飞行员焦虑与抑郁及其相关因素

目的调查海军飞行员焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生情况及影响因素,为有针对性采取心理干预措施、提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对100名海军男性飞行员进行心理测评。结果 (1)受测的海军飞行员SAS得分46.32±15.07,SDS得分46.20±14.16,二者均显著高于中国成人常模(分别为29.78±0.46、41.88±10.57)(P<0.01);(2)100名飞行员中无焦虑者占65%,轻度焦虑者占15%,中重度焦虑者占20%;无抑郁者占71%,轻度抑郁者占8%,中重度抑郁者占21%;(3)不同机种飞行员焦虑、抑郁发生情况比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);30～39岁年龄组焦虑、抑郁的发生率显著高于其他年龄组(P<0.01);累积飞行时间≥2000 h组焦虑、抑郁的发生率显著低于累积飞行时间<2000 h组(P<0.05)。结论海军飞行员焦虑、抑郁情绪明显重于中国成人常模,其焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生可能与飞行员的年龄、累积飞行时间有关,而与飞行机种无关。     

高三学生焦虑抑郁情绪与心理弹性的关系

【目的】了解高三学生的焦虑、抑郁情况,探讨焦虑、抑郁情绪与心理弹性的关系。【方法】采用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表(The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional,SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(Depression Self-rating Scale for Children,DSRSC)及心理弹性量表(Resilience Scale,RS)对山东省临沂市沂水县四所普通中学的390名高三学生进行调查(男生218名,女生172名)。【结果】儿童焦虑性情绪筛查表筛查阳性(SCARED总分≥23)的158名,占总人数的40.31%;儿童抑郁障碍自评量表筛查阳性(DSRSC总分≥15分)的有56名,占总人数的14.29%。心理弹性评分焦虑组与非焦虑组,抑郁组与非抑郁组差异均有高度统计学意义(P值均0.01)。高三学生焦虑各因子及总分、抑郁评分与心理弹性总分及各因子评分均呈显著负相关(r=-0.24～-0.46,P0.01)。【结论】高三学生存在一定程度的焦虑抑郁问题,心理弹性好的学生,其焦虑抑郁症状较轻。因此,应注意增强高三学生的心理弹性,以更好地帮助其应对负性情绪。     

新冠疫情期间大学生学习倦怠与负性情绪的关系:社会支持的中介作用

目的:验证社会支持在学习倦怠与焦虑和抑郁情绪关系中的中介调节作用。方法:2020年4月采用方便抽样的方法利用学习倦怠量表、社会支持量表、抑郁—焦虑—压力量表对某市3所大学的1291名在校生进行问卷调查。结果:新冠疫情期间焦虑、抑郁的检出率分别为56.3%、50.3%,中度焦虑和抑郁占比较大,分别为30.6%、28.0%,焦虑和抑郁的检出在性别方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);学习倦怠与焦虑、抑郁之间均存在显著的正相关(r值分别为0.462、0.544,P<0.01),社会支持与学习倦怠、焦虑、抑郁之间均存在负相关(r值分别为-0.153、-0.129、-0.174,P<0.01);学习倦怠能显著负向预测社会支持(回归系数为-0.049,P<0.01),学习倦怠可显著正向预测焦虑和抑郁(回归系数分别为0.323、0.418,P<0.01),加入社会支持之后,学习倦怠仍然能正向预测焦虑和抑郁(回归系数值分别为0.317、0.407,P<0.01),社会支持在学习倦怠和焦虑与抑郁之间起部分中介效应。采用Bootstrap法重复抽样5000次后中介效应均显著(可信区间均不包含0),社会支持在学习倦怠对焦虑情绪和抑郁情绪的中介效应成立,效应量分别为19.81%和29.30%。结论:学习倦怠直接正向预测焦虑和抑郁情绪,并通过社会支持调节降低学习倦怠对焦虑和抑郁的正向影响。     

反刍思维对产妇产后抑郁,焦虑与生活满意度的影响研究

目的探讨反刍思维对产妇产后抑郁,焦虑与生活满意度的影响,特别是验证后悔情绪在其中的关键作用,为降低产妇产后抑郁-焦虑,提高生活质量提供理论依据。方法采用反刍思维量表、后悔量表、生活满意度量表与抑郁-焦虑自评量表对西安某医院收治的384名产妇进行调查。结果 (1)反刍思维与后悔(r=0.30,P<0.01),焦虑(r=0.30,P<0.01),抑郁(r=0.29,P<0.01)均存在中等程度的正相关,与生活满意度呈显著负相关(r=-0.26,P<0.01)。另外,后悔与抑郁(r=0.43,P<0.01),焦虑(r=0.43,P<0.01),生活满意度(r=-0.27,P<0.01)也存在显著相关关系;(2)反刍思维能够显著地预测后悔情绪(β=0.30,P<0.01);(3)Sobel检验结果显示后悔情绪能够显著地中介反刍思维对抑郁(Z=5.24,P<0.05),焦虑(Z=3.99,P<0.05),生活满意度(Z=3.62,P<0.05)的影响。结论反刍思维作为一种负性的思维习惯与认知风格能够提升产妇产后抑郁-焦虑情绪,造成生活质量的下降,后悔情绪能够显著地中介这一影响。     

Study on the Relationship between Depression and Alcohol Addiction of Patients with Alcohol Dependence

目的 探讨酒精依赖者抑郁情绪与酒瘾的关系.方法 对50例酒精依赖、酒精所致精神障碍的患者进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)和密西根酒精依赖调查表(MAST)评定,比较有抑郁组和无抑郁组的MAST得分,并对结果进行相关和回归分析.结果 酒精依赖者抑郁症状检出率为56％,抑郁组MAST得分高于无抑郁组(t=3.37,P=0.002),SDS与MAST相关系数(r=0.621),抑郁情绪对酒瘾的影响度达38.58％.结论 酒瘾与抑郁情绪有密切关联,而抑郁情绪与负性生活事件有关.     

消防员职业倦怠与自我和谐的调查研究

目的了解某市消防员的职业倦怠状况,并探讨其与自我和谐的关系。方法采用职业倦怠量表和自我和谐量表(SCCS),对147名消防员进行测评。结果①消防员的职业倦怠总平均分为40.13,与消防员的年龄(r=0.401,P<0.01)、救灾次数(r=0.236,P<0.05)、服役年限(r=0.516,P<0.01)相关。②消防员自我和谐水平较低,低分组约占总人数的29.0%,中间组约占总人数的68.0%,高分组约占总人数的3.0%。③消防员的职业倦怠与自我和谐高度相关(r=0.361,P<0.01)。结论消防员职业倦怠严重,并与自我和谐高度相关。     

空巢女性老年人焦虑、抑郁情绪现状及影响因素的研究*

目的研究宁波市4个社区空巢女性老年人焦虑和抑郁的情绪现状,同时分析个人的特征学资料、生活质量和社会支持对焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响。方法采用问卷调查法,对宁波市4个社区的300名空巢女性老年人进行调查。结果空巢女性老年人的焦虑症状存在或可疑存在的人群占29.14%,抑郁症状存在或可疑的人群为30.16%。影响空巢女性老年人焦虑情绪的因素有年龄、日常运动时间和社会支持(P0.05)。影响空巢女性老年人抑郁情绪的因素有年龄和生活质量(P0.05)。结论社区空巢女性老年人存在不良的焦虑和抑郁情绪,社区服务人员积极的采取有效的心理干预措施,保护空巢女性老年人的身体和心理健康,提高生活质量,缓解社会养老压力。     

社区老年慢性病患者的抑郁状况调查分析

目的 调查社区老年慢性病患者的抑郁状况及影响该情况的各种因素,为针对该类因素改善老年慢性病患者的抑郁情绪及调节患者的精神状态,提供了一定的参考.方法 对于文山振华、北桥、梁子的三个社区门诊进行治疗的437例老年慢性病患者,使用老年人抑郁状况专用的筛查表<老年抑郁量表>,做随机问卷调查.结果 被调查的437例老年人慢性病患者中,存在抑郁情绪的患者有296例,占调查总人数的61.56%,其中轻度抑郁患者183例,占总数的41.88%,中重度抑郁患者113例,占总数的25.86%.讨论 调查结果表明.老年慢性病患者的抑郁情绪受到各类因素的影响,如医疗费用、退休收入、文化程度有较大关系.可以进行各种方式的干预,如及时对患者病情进行调查、控制,协调家庭关系,落实社保工作,减轻患者的经济负担,可以有效的改善患者抑郁情绪.     

社区居民抑郁与自尊及自我效能相关分析

据联合国卫生组织报道,到2020年抑郁将成为仅次于癌症的人类第二大致残原因[1].抑郁不仅严重影响个体的日常生活及工作,而且对其家庭造成巨大的痛苦.目前针对青少年学生抑郁情绪与自尊、自我效能关系的相关研究较多[2-4],关于社区居民抑郁状况的研究相对较少.为此,本研究于2010年10月采用随机整群抽样方法抽取黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区保健社区1983名居民进行心理健康情况调查,了解社区居民的抑郁水平、自尊和自我效能的状况及相互关系,旨为提高社区居民心理健康水平提供依据.现将结果报告如下.     

大连市居民酒精使用障碍现况及影响因素分析

目的了解辽宁省大连市≥18岁人群酒精使用障碍的患病率和流行特征。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI 3.0)对大连市5 059名≥18岁城乡居民进行调查。结果酒精使用障碍的患病率为3.54%(179/5 059),其中男性的患病率为7.35%(17/2 314),女性的患病率为0.33%(9/2 745),男性高于女性(P<0.01);不同年龄段患病率存在差异,患病率随着年龄的增加而增高;酒精相关障碍的影响因素包括性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、慢性疾病及初饮年龄。结论大连市酒精使用障碍患病率较低,男性、低文化程度是酒精使用障碍健康教育的重点人群。     

上海市某区中学生抑郁与失眠的相关性分析

目的了解上海市某区中学生抑郁与失眠的发生情况,探索两者之间的关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在上海市某区随机抽取初中学生304人、高中学生176人和职业学校学生99人进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括人口学特征、抑郁与失眠发生情况等。结果在579名调查对象中,轻度抑郁的有110人(19.0%),中度抑郁的有64人(11.1%),重度抑郁的有9人(1.6%);存在可疑失眠的有102人(17.6%),存在失眠的有271人(46.8%);抑郁与失眠之间存在正相关关系(r=0.219,P<0.01)。结论中学生抑郁和失眠的发生率之间存在正相关关系,但相关程度较弱。     

大学生抑郁影响因素调查分析

目的通过对武汉大学在读本科生的调查,探讨大学生抑郁的特点及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的访谈问卷和抑郁自评量表（SDS）,对武汉大学本科学生201人进行调查,并作统计分析。结果201名调查对象中,存在抑郁者71人,占调查总人数的35．32％;轻、中度抑郁者57人,占抑郁者的80．28％;重度抑郁者14人,占19．72崛。不同性别、学科和年级的大学生抑郁进行比较,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。结论大学生抑郁状况不容忽视,影响因素有性别、年级和学科。     

Anxiety and depression in the first year of medical residency training

OBJECTIVE: To perform a screening, follow-up and comparative evaluation of depression and anxiety symptoms in a group of 59 first-year internal medicine residents of a teaching hospital and evaluate the influence of their rotation, nature of rotation, subgroup, sex and the time of year on these symptoms. METHODS: We used the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), applied seven times, in the last week of every rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We obtained two identical averages (P=0.98) of trait-anxiety, six months apart one from the other. There was a significant correlation (R=0.65, P < 0.001) between the indexes of state-anxiety and depression. Women had higher levels of symptoms of both anxiety and depression (P < 0.001) compared to men. A cluster of three subgroups of residents with higher trait-anxiety levels (P=0.001) also showed significantly higher levels of symptoms of state-anxiety and depression (P < 0.001). The time of the year and the nature of the rotation (emergency or not) did not interfere with the levels of depression (P=0.47). We detected rotations where there was greater frequency of residents with symptoms compatible with moderate and severe depression. There were 2.1% of residents with symptoms compatible with severe, 4.2% with moderate and 27% with mild depression. It was possible to graduate symptoms of anxiety and depression in residents, evaluate factors involved in their genesis and locate residents with moderate and severe depression.     

Severity of alcohol dependence in the Swedish adult population: Association with consumption and social factors

The severity of alcohol dependence can be estimated by the number of DSM-IV criteria that are fulfilled for this disorder. This paper describes the proportions in a general population sample that meet different numbers of diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence and their association with drinking and social background factors. Data came from a random, cross-sectional, self-report survey of adults from 12 Swedish communities. 28,800 persons, age 19–70, were surveyed through postal questionnaires. 14,706 questionnaires (51%) could be used for analysis. Alcohol dependence was assessed by questions relating to the seven DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. Alcohol consumption and social background factors were examined in relation to alcohol dependence. A total of 73.8% of the general population fulfilled no criteria for alcohol dependence; 4.0% reported 3 or more criteria and qualified for the diagnosis of alcohol dependence. There were trends toward an increasing number of dependence criteria with increasing consumption levels and negative social background factors. The majority of people with alcohol dependence however did not drink at the highest consumption levels, did not live alone, and were not unemployed. Given the current definition of alcohol dependence the majority of people have few criteria fulfilled (3 or 4) and few social problems. This has important implications for treatment as dependence with low severity may require less treatment and less specialist involvement.     

北京市吸烟人群尼古丁依赖程度影响因素的横断面调查研究

目的 探索北京市15岁及以上吸烟人群的尼古丁依赖程度的主要影响因素。方法 通过分层多阶段等比例随机抽样在北京市开展居民入户面对面询问调查。应用秩和检验、多因素Logistic回归方法分析吸烟人群尼古丁依赖程度的影响因素。结果 本研究样本有1 280人,其中男性有1 176人,占91.9%;吸烟人群中尼古丁轻度依赖、中度依赖和重度依赖者分别占53.5%、33.3%和13.2%。多因素Logistic回归模型显示,与轻度尼古丁依赖患者相比,年龄越大（OR=3.643,95%CI:1.467~9.045）、经常在室内工作场所吸烟（OR=2.539,95%CI:1.553~4.149）、经常在室内公共场所吸烟（OR=2.621,95%CI:1.581~4.346）、经常在家庭内吸烟（OR=3.304,95%CI:1.782~6.126）是重度尼古丁依赖的危险因素。高学历（OR=0.172,95%CI:0.062~0.480）、职业（OR=0.314,95%CI:0.138~0.714）、不经常饮酒（OR=0.567,95%CI:0.434~0.742）、每日吸烟量小（OR=0.056,95%CI:0.034~0.093）是尼古丁重度依赖的保护因素。结论 从人口统计学信息的角度,针对吸烟人群尼古丁依赖的影响因素,加强公共场所的控烟政策监管及家庭成员对其劝阻与关怀;加强烟草危害宣教的同时,鼓励人们从减少吸烟量和戒酒开始做起。     

The Course of Depressive Symptoms Over 36 Months in 696 Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents

ObjectivesTo investigate the course of depressive symptoms in newly admitted nursing home (NH) residents and how resident characteristics were associated with the symptoms. To identify groups of residents following the same symptom trajectory.DesignAn observational, multicenter, longitudinal study over 36 months with 7 biannual assessments.Setting and ParticipantsRepresenting 47 Norwegian NHs, 696 residents were included at admission to a NH.MethodsDepressive symptoms were assessed with the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). We selected severity of dementia, functional impairment, physical health, pain, use of antidepressants, age, and sex as covariates. Time trend in CSDD score was assessed by a linear mixed model adjusting for covariates. Next, a growth mixture model was estimated to investigate whether there were groups of residents following distinct trajectories in CSDD scores. We estimated a nominal regression model to assess whether the covariates at admission were associated to group membership.ResultsThere was a nonlinear trend in CSDD score. More severe dementia, a lower level of functioning, poorer physical health, more pain, use of antidepressants, and younger age at admission were associated with higher CSDD scores. Growth mixture model identified 4 groups: (1) persistent mild symptoms (32.6%), (2) persistent moderate symptoms (50.8%), (3) increasing symptoms (5.1%), and (4) severe but decreasing symptoms (11.6%). A lower level of functioning, poorer physical health, more pain, use of antidepressants, and younger age at admission were associated with higher odds for belonging to the severe but decreasing symptoms group compared with the persistent mild symptoms group.Conclusions and ImplicationsMost NH residents were in trajectory groups with persistent mild or moderate depressive symptoms. Residents with more severe dementia, lower levels of functioning, poor physical health, severe pain, younger age at admittance, and who are using antidepressants should be monitored closely and systematically with respect to depression. Taking actions toward a more personalized treatment for depression in NHs is a priority and should be investigated in future studies.     

Severe alcohol-induced liver disease and the alcohol dependence syndrome

AIMS: To examine the hypothesis that patients who present in the UK to detoxification services differ from patients who present with severe alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) with respect to severity of dependence on alcohol and other features of their drinking history. METHODS: Levels of alcohol dependence were assessed in 34 patients with severe ALD, all of whom were cirrhotic, and 34 subjects from a residential alcohol detox centre in Southampton using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ). During interview, various aspects of participants' alcohol consumption were recorded, including total monthly consumption, whom they usually drank with and where, and, if applicable, what caused them to start drinking heavily. Social circumstances were also noted, including participants' employment and marital status. RESULTS: Among ALD patients, 58% scored none/mild on the SADQ, 32% moderate and 9% severe. In contrast, 76% of the detox group were graded severe and 34% moderate (P < 0.001). ALD patients were also significantly older, had lower scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, tended to drink less alcohol, were more likely to be in a stable relationship, were less likely to be unemployed and gave different reasons for starting to drink heavily. The ALD group were most likely to have started drinking heavily for social reasons, whereas subjects in the detox group were most likely to have started drinking heavily as a result of relationship or money problems. CONCLUSION: Patients attending a liver unit and patients admitted to a detoxification unit were separate but overlapping populations of alcohol misusers. Perhaps these two populations of alcohol misusers are likely to require different approaches for effective detection, intervention and treatment.     

中学生和大学生痤疮患者焦虑与抑郁状况

目的了解青年学生痤疮患者的焦虑与抑郁情况,为青年学生痤疮患者的综合系统治疗和提高生活质量提供参考。方法以到上海市某三甲医院皮肤病专科医院痤疮科、治疗科门诊就诊的244名中学生和大学生痤疮患者为研究对象(痤疮组),同时在该地区便利选取未患痤疮的学生群体(对照组) 297名,用倾向评分匹配法对方便抽样获得的两组被试进行匹配(各157名),采用Zung抑郁自评测量表(Self-rating Depressing Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评测量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)进行问卷调查,比较不同性别、不同发病程度痤疮患者与对照组的SDS、SAS得分。结果痤疮组抑郁症状阳性检出率为59.20%,焦虑症状检出率为69.40%,合并焦虑及抑郁症状者为52.90%;对照组抑郁症状检出率为32.50%,焦虑症状检出率为25.50%,合并焦虑及抑郁症状者为20.40%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为22.63,60.81,35.69,P值均<0.01)。痤疮组的SDS和SAS得分均高于对照组(Z值分别为5.95,9.16,P值均<0.01);男生患者的SDS、SAS得分均高于女生;不同发病程度的痤疮患者SDS、SAS得分差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为55. 67,43. 83,P值均<0.01)。结论青年学生痤疮患者更易引起焦虑和抑郁,与健康学生群体相比,中、重度痤疮患者抑郁和焦虑程度严重。提示在进行传统治疗的同时,应辅以适当的心理干预及治疗。     

Community influences on adolescents' use of home-brewed alcohol in rural South Africa

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Alcohol represents a major public health challenge in South Africa, however little is known about the correlates of alcohol use among rural adolescents. This article examines community influences on adolescents' use of home-brewed alcohol in a rural region of South Africa. METHOD: A total of 1600 high school adolescents between 11 and 16 years of age participated in this study. Seven hundred and forty (46.3 %) were female and 795 (49.7 %) were male. Data on gender were missing for 65 students (4.0 % of the sample). The age range was 11--29 years (mean age 16.4 years; Standard deviation = 2.79).A survey questionnaire on adolescent risk behavior that examined adolescents' use of alcohol and various potential community influences on alcohol use was administered. Factor analysis was used to group community-level variables into factors. Multiple logistic regression techniques were then used to examine associations between these community factors and adolescents' use of home-brewed alcohol. RESULTS: The factor analysis yielded five community-level factors that accounted for almost two-thirds of the variance in home-brewed alcohol use. These factors related to subjective adult norms around substance use in the community, negative opinions about one's neighborhood, perceived levels of adult antisocial behavior in the community, community affirmations of adolescents, and perceived levels of crime and violence in the community (derelict neighborhood). In the logistic regression model, community affirmation was negatively associated with the use of home-brew, whereas higher scores on "derelict neighborhood" and "adult antisocial behavior" were associated with greater odds of drinking home-brew. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight community influences on alcohol use among rural adolescents in South Africa. Feeling affirmed and valued by the broader community appears to protect adolescents against early alcohol use. In contrast, perceptions of high levels of adult anti-social behavior and crime and violence in the community are significant risks for early alcohol initiation. Implications of these findings for the prevention of alcohol use among adolescents in rural communities are discussed.