维生素A锌铁及其联合应用对维生素A缺乏的影响

目的 比较维生素A、锌、铁不同剂量组合改善大鼠维生素A缺乏的效果,为改善儿童维生素A缺乏的营养补充剂研制奠定基础.方法 用大鼠建立维生素A缺乏动物模型,以维生素A、锌、铁组成8个不同补充组.干预8周.干预前、干预4周后及实验结束时检测大鼠血清和肝脏维生素A、血清锌铁、血常规、生化指标,同时监测体重和摄食量的变化.结果 干预补充试验后,各干预组大鼠的血清和肝脏维生素A水平显著提高,摄食量和体重分别显著高于干预前,体重加重和摄食效率显著高于持续缺乏组.血常规、生化指标、血清锌铁指标与正常对照组差异均无统计学意义.1/3剂量组中的1/3维生素A+Zn组血清维生素A高于其他组,与全剂量组各组和正常对照组差异无统计学意义;其体重增加、总摄食量和摄食效率也与全剂量组各组和正常对照组差异无统计学意义.结论 低维生素A剂量同时联合锌补充综合改善维生素A缺乏的效果最佳.     

补充维生素A对集体学龄前儿童血红蛋白的影响

【目的】　为探讨血清维生素 (VA)浓度对儿童血红蛋白的影响。　【方法】　对集体学龄前贫血儿童投维生素A每日 2 0 0 0IU ,观察治疗前后血红蛋白、血清铁、血清VA浓度的变化。　【结果】　亚临床状态VA缺乏占 31.6 % ,可疑缺乏占 5 8% ,仅 10 .4 %的儿童血清VA浓度正常 ;贫血组儿童血清VA量明显低于非贫血组 (P <0 .0 1)。给贫血组儿童投VA 2 0 0 0U/d ,3个月后 ,血红蛋白、血清铁、血清VA浓度明显提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,对照组无明显改变。　【结论】　亚临床状态VA缺乏在儿童中已是很重要的营养问题 ,并与贫血有一定关系 ,补充维生素A对儿童血红蛋白、血清铁、血清VA浓度有一定的影响     

肺炎患儿治疗前后血清维生素A营养状况及铁含量的变化

目的探讨分析肺炎患儿治疗前后血清维生素A营养状况及铁含量的变化,为其临床治疗提供新的思路。方法选取2013年12月-2014年12月延安大学附属医院儿科收治的80例临床确诊为肺炎住院的患儿为肺炎组,分为常规治疗组和维生素A治疗组;另抽取同期健康体检儿童30例为对照组,对肺炎患儿入院后24h内和住院治疗10d后,对照组于体检当天给予采血检测视黄醇结合蛋白和血清铁含量,并对检测结果进行对比。结果肺炎组所有患儿入院后24h内视黄醇结合蛋白和血清铁含量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而肺炎常规治疗组与维生素A治疗组视黄醇结合蛋白和血清铁含量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。肺炎组住院后10d视黄醇结合蛋白和血清铁水平明显上升,肺炎常规治疗组与对照组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P0.05),维生素A治疗组较对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肺炎急性期存在显著的维生素A缺乏和血清铁含量下降,随着肺炎病情的好转,维生素A缺乏和血清铁含量下降逐渐上升,维生素A缺乏与小儿肺炎的发生及病情发展存在一定的关系,在肺炎的治疗过程中应注意维生素A的补充。     

学龄前厌食儿童营养状况及不同治疗效果分析

本文对184名3～7岁厌食症儿童进行了营养调查。其中123名进行了治疗前后的纵向观察。 调查结果表明,厌食症儿童的能量、蛋白质、锌、铁、维生素A、B_1、B_2等营养素摄入不足;生化指标测定结果也表明,厌食症儿童机体核黄素、维生素A、锌和铁营养水平均低于对照组。厌食症儿童以锌缺乏为主,同时存在多种营养素的缺乏。补充锌剂后厌食症儿童的营养素摄入量和机体营养状况得到明显改善,同时补充铁和维生素制剂疗效更佳。 中药治疗儿童厌食症也取得一定疗效。     

每周补充维生素A及每周补铁对学龄前儿童贫血的干预试验

【目的】　了解每周补充维生素A及每周补铁对改善学龄前儿童铁和维生素A营养状况的效果。　【方法】　将筛选出的铁和 /或维生素A缺乏儿童随机分成三组 ,每周分别给予 5万IU维生素A胶丸、60mg元素铁、10mg维生素B1,补充 4周后观察Hb、血清VA、铁蛋白、运铁蛋白受体的变化情况。　【结果】　干预前后 ,补铁组、补维生素A组以及补维生素B1组Hb值分别上升 8.8g/L ,10 .8g/L ,7.2 g/L(P <0 .0 0 1) ;补维生素A组和补维生素B1组血清VA分别上升 0 .13 7μmol/L ,0 .10 3 μmol/L(P <0 .0 0 1) ,而补铁组血清VA补充前后差异无显著性。各组铁蛋白在补充后显著性降低 ,而运铁蛋白受体显著升高。　【结论】　①由幼儿园教师监督实施每周补铁是行之有效的。②维生素A缺乏会影响铁向组织的转运和造血过程。③维生素A和铁缺乏同时存在地区 ,每周补维生素A与每周补铁在改善贫血上效果一致。     

补充维生素A和铁对孕妇铁营养状况的影响

目的　研究补充维生素 A、铁对孕妇铁营养状况的影响。方法　对 1 6 7名孕中期妇女进行铁和维生素 A营养状况的横断面调查并随机分成 4组 :对照组 (复合维生素 B片每日一片 ) ;补充维生素 A组 (1 1 0 0 μg/d) ;补充铁组 (6 0 mg/d元素铁 ) ;补充维生素 A和铁组 (VA1 1 0 0μg/d,Fe6 0 mg/d) ,共补充 1 0 w。结果　被调查孕妇孕中期维生素 A轻度缺乏率为 0 .6 % ,贫血患病率为 7.8% ,贮存铁缺乏率为 6 .2 %。血清 VA水平补充前各组正常 ,补充后对照组明显下降 ,但仍维持在正常范围。补 VA、补铁及补 VA+铁组血清 VA与补充前无明显差异 ,仍保持恒定。各组补充前后 Hb均在正常范围 ,差别不显著。血清铁蛋白、游离红细胞原卟啉及运铁蛋白饱和度补充后的改善效果均以补充 VA铁组优于单独补 VA或补铁组。结论　孕期同时补充 VA和铁对改善铁的营养状况优于单纯补铁。     

0～6岁4524名儿童维生素A缺乏与缺铁性贫血关系分析

【目的】分析维生素A（vitamin A，VA）缺乏和铁缺乏之间的关系，降低影响儿童健康的营养缺乏性疾病的发生率。【方法】对4524名0～6岁儿童进行血清VA和血红蛋白的检测。【结果】4524名0～6岁儿童VA缺乏率为1.24％，亚临床VA缺乏率为13.51％。VA水平不同的组别，贫血的发生情况差异具有显著性。VA缺乏检出率低血红蛋白组比正常组高8.35倍。【结论】VA缺乏和铁缺乏之间具有负相关关系，在矫治儿童缺铁性贫血时，应注意VA的补充。     

维生素AE缺乏与儿童呼吸道感染的相关性和补充维生素AE后免疫状态与安全性分析*

目的观察儿童维生素A、E缺乏与呼吸道感染的相关性和补充治疗儿童呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性。方法选取128例反复呼吸道感染患儿,随机分为常规组和联合组。常规组给予常规抗感染治疗,联合组则额外给予补充维生素A、E治疗,50例健康儿童设为对照组。观察三组儿童血清维生素A、E和免疫球蛋白水平,分析维生素A、E缺乏与反复呼吸道感染的相关性,评价临床治疗效果,比较不良反应及复发率。结果 128例患儿维生素A、E缺乏检出率分别为86.72%和48.44%,明显高于健康儿童(6.00%和4.00%),组间差异比较(P0.05);维生素A、E缺乏均和儿童反复呼吸道感染呈明显的负相关;联合组治疗后血清维生素A、E水平及血清IgA、IgG和IgM水平高于常规组(P0.05);常规组和联合组临床治疗显效率分别为76.56%和92.19%(P0.05);联合组患儿发热、咳嗽、扁桃体肿大和肺部啰音症状消失时间均短于常规组(P0.05);常规组和联合组随访1年复发率分别为21.86%和6.25%(P0.05)。结论维生素A、E缺乏可增加反复呼吸道感染的发生风险,补充维生素A、E可提高临床疗效,改善患儿免疫功能,降低复发率,安全可靠。     

贫血孕妇铁与维生素A营养状况分析

目的 了解妊娠妇女铁、维生素A、核黄素等营养素的摄入及贫血的患病情况，为开展营养干预提供科学依据。方法随机抽取山东省莘县430名贫血孕妇和292名非贫血孕妇，采用24h回顾法比较2组孕妇主要营养素摄入情况，分析孕妇维生素A、核黄素及铁的营养水平。结果2组孕妇膳食均以粮谷类等植物性食物为主，铁的摄入量接近膳食推荐摄入量（RNIs）；血清检验结果显示，贫血组的铁营养水平明显低于非贫血组；85．2％贫血孕妇血浆铁蛋白〈14μg／L，转铁蛋白受体平均为31．42nmol／L；贫血组缺乏维生素A和核黄素的比例分别为62．9％和63．1％，明显高于相应的非贫血组（P〈0．01）。结论贫血不仅与铁的吸收利用率有关，而且与维生素A、核黄素摄入不足或缺乏有密切关系。     

学龄前儿童血清红细胞生成素水平与维生素A和锌的相关性研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童血清红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)水平与维生素A和锌的相关性。方法选取2011年8月-2012年8月荆州市两所幼儿园中的80名3~6岁健康儿童为研究对象。以幼儿园为单位,分为对照组(单纯补充维生素A)和观察组(补充维生素A和锌)。将两组儿童再按照不同维生素A与血红蛋白(Hb)水平分组,试验前贫血合并维生素A缺乏为Ⅰ组,Hb正常合并维生素A缺乏为Ⅱ组,贫血合并维生素A正常为Ⅲ组。试验期为1年,检测试验前后儿童维生素A、锌、Hb和EPO。结果试验1年后,观察组血清维生素A较试验前增加了0.06μmol/L(P0.05)。试验后,两组的血清锌水平均高于试验前(P0.05),而观察组血清锌水平增幅显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验1年后,Hb和EPO水平均较试验前升高,贫血的发生率均降低(P0.O5),两组间变化值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组方程的斜率试验后下降了-0.0110(P0.05),观察组试验前后的斜率无明显变化(P0.05)。试验1年后,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组Hb水平明显提高(均P0.05),而Ⅲ组Hb水平增幅高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组儿童相比,Ⅰ组的Lg EPO水平变化更显著(P0.05)。结论对学龄前儿童联合补充维生素A和锌可能影响血清Hb与EPO的反馈性调节作用。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.