别让挤车成负累

目的研究葛根汤颗粒对动物的抗菌作用。方法分别作体外和体内抗菌实验，二倍稀释法测定葛根汤颗粒的体外抗菌试验；体内抗菌实验：将小白鼠分成给药组和空白对照组，给药组给予小鼠灌胃葛根汤颗粒溶液，空白对照组给予蒸馏水，灌胃量为0.5ml/20g，连续四天，将大肠杆菌及金葡菌悬液分别注射到小白鼠腹腔内造成感染后，连续观察七天小白鼠的死亡情况，并计算半数有效量（ED50）和95％可信限。结果体外实验结果表明：葛根汤颗粒具有较广泛的抑菌作用。对照组小白鼠在24h内全部死亡．治疗组则可部分存活，葛根汤颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的ED50和95％可信限分别为171mg／kg．106～255mg／kg和207mg／kg，79—426mg／kg。结论葛根汤颗粒对感染金葡菌及大肠杆菌动物具有明显的保护作用.     

解热冲剂体内外抑菌试验研究

为检测山东省中医药研究所研制的解热冲剂在体内外的抑菌作用,我们采用了小鼠口服给药保护法,测定药物对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠体内的保护效果,试管二税稀释法测定该药对呼吸道致病菌和其它常见致病菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明：解热冲剂对所试菌均有抑制活性,对体内感染金黄色葡萄球菌的小鼠有保护作用。     

感咳清颗粒抑菌抗炎作用的实验研究

目的探讨感咳清颗粒的抑菌、抗炎作用。方法通过感咳清颗粒体外抑菌实验，对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响与对小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响等实验，考察感咳清颗粒的抗菌、抗炎作用。结果感咳清颗粒对金黄色葡萄菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌均有抑制和杀灭作用；对二甲苯性小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显的抑制作用；能够抑制醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的增加。结论感咳清颗粒有较好的抑菌效果和抗炎、消肿作用，临床可用于防治感冒及流感。     

复方溶菌酶对口腔病原菌抗菌效果的评价

目的测定复方溶菌酶对变形链球菌、血链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果,评价其对口腔病原菌的防治能力。方法用微量液基稀释法测定复方溶菌酶对变形链球菌、血链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度。结果复方溶菌酶对变异链球菌、血链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度分别为1.25、0.625和0.312mg/ml,对变异链球菌、血链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌最小杀菌浓度分别为2.5、2.5和0.625mg/ml。结论复方溶菌酶可有效抑制并杀灭变形链球菌、血链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。     

阿是止泻胶囊治疗甲状腺功能亢进性腹泻的体外抗菌实验研究

目的研究阿是止泻胶囊治疗甲状腺功能亢进性腹泻的体外抗菌作用。方法采用试管内药液稀释法测定；受试药物用自拟方中药阿是止泻胶囊，阳性对照药物用复方地芬诺酯（苯乙呱啶）片；分别对该两种药物进行8种菌株的体外抗菌实验。结果阿是止泻胶囊对痢疾志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌有较强的抑菌作用（MIC值均为31．25mg／L）；复方苯乙呱啶片仅对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、酿脓链球菌、痢疾志贺菌有较小的抑菌作用（MIC值均为0．25mg／L）。结论阿是止泻胶囊不仅可用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进性腹泻，还有较强的抗菌作用，为今后用于治疗感染性腹泻提供了药效学实验依据。     

三氯新与醋酸氯己定复方消毒液杀菌效果及毒性观察

目的了解三氯新与醋酸氯己定复方消毒液杀菌效果及毒性。方法采用载体定量杀菌试验、织物浸泡消毒现场试验、木质表面消毒现场试验和动物试验等方法对消毒液进行实验室观察。结果含0.49g/100ml三氯新和0.52g/100ml醋酸氯己定的复方消毒液作用5min对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌杀灭对数值各次均〉5.00;经30次消毒现场试验,其结果表明该消毒液对织物和木质桌面上自然菌的杀灭对数值均〉1.00;对昆明种雌雄小鼠急性经口毒性实验,属实际无毒级;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性,未发现该受试样品对体细胞有诱变作用。结论以三氯新和醋酸氯己定为主要抗菌成分的复方消毒液对金葡球菌和大肠杆菌有较好的杀灭效果,且储存稳定性较好,毒性较低,可用于织物及物表的消毒。     

湿疹消治疗湿疹的药理作用

目的体内外动物实验评价湿疹消防治湿疹的作用以及作用机理。方法运用体外抑菌实验探讨药物的抑菌作用，运用组织胺致豚鼠足瘙痒评价药物的抗过敏作用，用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀等炎症模型评价药物的抗炎作用。结果湿疹消可显著提高组织胺致豚鼠足瘙痒阈值，显著抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和腹腔通透性增加，与对照组比较均具有统计学意义；同时还对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及普通变形杆菌的生长有一定的抑制作用。结论实验结果显示湿疹消对湿疹有一定的防治作用。     

盐酸环丙沙星片

盐酸环丙沙星是一种广谱抗葫药,对大肠杆菌、克雷柏氏菌和其它肠杆菌阴性杆菌具有较强的抗菌活性,对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及肺炎双球菌、甲型溶血链球菌等的抗菌作用都较强。由湖北宜昌制药厂生产的盐酸环丙沙星片的抗菌作用机制为抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶,与其它抗生素无交叉耐药性,且对耐受β-内酰胺类、氨基糖甙类、磺胺类药物的细菌仍敏感。     

地红霉素在小鼠体内抗菌作用的研究

为了解地红霉素体内抗菌效果，用小鼠作地红霉素与红霉素体内保护试验，结果为：地红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌，肺炎链球菌，肺炎雷伯氏菌，大肠埃希氏菌体内保护实验的ED50分别为62．26，7．65，209．13，280．87mg/kg，对照药红霉素的ED50分别为35．74，87，235.89，324．13mg/kg，结论：两种药物对金黄色葡萄球菌，肺炎链球菌的体内保护作用显著；地红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌的体保护作用次于红霉素；对肺炎链球菌的作用两药基本相同，对肺炎克雷伯氏菌，大肠埃希氏菌的保护作用，地红霉素明显优于红霉素。     

消毒剂杀灭溶血性链球菌试验效果观察

目的：观察消毒剂杀灭溶血性链球菌试验效果。方法：试验采用悬液定量杀菌试验方法，选择4种常用消毒剂：次氯酸钠、过氧乙酸、洗必泰和碘伏分别进行悬液定量杀灭溶血性链球菌试验。结果：次氯酸钠有效氯含量200mg／L、过氧乙酸含量为150mg／L、洗必泰含量为2000mg／L、碘伏有效碘含量200mg／L时，作用3min对溶血性链球菌的杀灭对数值大于5；次氯酸钠有效氯含量250mg／L、过氧乙酸含量为100mg／L、洗必泰含量为2500mg／L、碘伏有效碘含量250mg／L时，作用3min对大肠杆菌的杀灭对数值大于5。结论：次氯酸钠、过氧乙酸、洗必泰、碘伏4种消毒剂均可用于杀灭溶血性链球菌；溶血性链球菌对消毒剂的抗力低于大肠杆菌。     

Antibacterial activity of bee honey and its therapeutic usefulness against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium infection

The authors studied the effect of storage period and heat on the physical and chemical properties of honey and proceeded to study the antibacterial effect of honey on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In samples of honey (Egyptian clover honey) that were heat-treated and stored over a long period of time, water content decreased, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) was produced and increased in concentration, and enzyme activity decreased. Colour, measured in optical density, was markedly affected in honey samples stored over long periods of time, as was the refractive index, but electrical conductivity remained unaffected by storage or heating. Similarly, the storage period had no effect on pH value. To study the therapeutic effect of honey on E.coli and S. typhimurium, 25 isolates of E. coil O157:H7 (18.5%) and 49 isolates of S. typhimurium (36.2%) were isolated from 135 samples taken from children and calves (30 stool samples from children and 105 samples from calf organs and faecal swabs). Most E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium isolates were highly resistant to most antibiotic discs. In vitro, the antibacterial effect of honey was more pronounced on E. coil O157:H7 than on S. typhimurium. Water content, pH value, HMF and the presence of H2O, all played an important role in the potency of olover honey as an antibacterial agent. In vivo, mice were used as a model for studying the parenteral usefulness of honey as an antibacterial agent against both pathogens. The antibacterial activity of honey that had been stored over a long period of time decreased and high concentrations of honey proved more effective as antibacterial agents. In this study there was lower mortality among mice treated with honey but the parenteral application of honey and its therapeutic properties require further investigation.     

Antimicrobial activity of a combination of Mume fructus, Schizandrae fructus, and Coptidis rhizoma on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26, O111, and O157 and its effect on Shiga toxin releases

The antibacterial activity of an herbal combination composed of Mume Fructus, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Schizandrae Fructus extracts on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) was evaluated in the present study. The combination demonstrated antibacterial activity against all EHEC strains tested in this study, including those resistant to multiple antibiotics; minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.49 to 31.25?mg/mL. In in vivo antibacterial activity assay, the herbal combination was administered to mice after initial E. coli O157 infection and had significant effects on mouse mortality. The effects of the herbal combination on Shiga toxin release from EHEC O26, EHEC O111, and EHEC O157 strains containing the stx1 and stx2 genes were assessed by the reversed passive latex agglutination method, and there was no increased Shiga toxin release in the strain cultures containing the herbal combination. These results suggested that the herbal combination may be a safe and effective remedy for EHEC inhibition.     

肠炎Ⅰ号胶囊主要药效学的初步研究

目的研究肠炎Ⅰ号胶囊的药理作用,为临床应用提供依据。方法以小鼠小肠推进试验、新斯的明拮抗试验、炭末排除时间、大黄致泻试验、醋酸诱发毛细血管通透性亢进及小鼠扭体反应、体外抑菌试验,测定药物对小鼠胃肠运动影响和止泻作用。结果肠炎Ⅰ号胶囊能明显抑制小鼠胃肠道推进、延长小鼠炭末排出时间、对抗新斯的明引起的小鼠肠功能亢进和大黄所致小鼠腹泻作用,能明显对抗醋酸引起的毛细血管通透性增高、明显对抗醋酸诱导小鼠扭体反应。抑菌试验表明：该药对大肠埃希氏菌及痢疾志贺氏菌具有一定的抑菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度（M IC）为25mg/m l和50mg/m l。结论肠炎Ⅰ号胶囊具有一定的止泻、抗炎、镇痛和抑菌作用。     

Pomegranate peel extract reduced colonic damage and bacterial translocation in a mouse model of infectious colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium

The pomegranate fruit peel is a rich source of polyphenols including punicalins, punicalagins, and ellagic acids, but is considered an agricultural waste product. Pomegranate derived products have been reported to have a wide variety of health promoting benefits including antibacterial properties in vitro but there is limited evidence of their antibacterial properties in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test the in vivo antibacterial properties of a pomegranate peel extract (PPX) containing punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid. C3H/He mice were orally pre-treated with water or PPX prior to infection with the mouse bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) that mimics many aspects of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. Fecal excretion of Cr was monitored and mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection to assess Cr colonization of the colon and spleen, histological changes, and gene expression. PPX-treatment reduced Cr infection induced weight loss and mortality that was observed in water-treated infected mice. However, Cr colonization of the colon and clearance was unaffected by PPX-treatment. Consistent with this, PPX treatment did not alter the potent Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory response elicited by Cr infection. Significant colonization of the spleen was only seen in water-treated infected mice and was inversely correlated with the dose of PPX administered. PPX treatment decreased the extent of Cr-induced colon damage that correlated with decreased mortality and reduced colonization of the spleen. Thus, a pomegranate peel extract contains bioactive compounds that mitigate the deleterious effects of an in vivo infection with the model enteropathogenic bacteria, Cr.     

大肠埃希菌O157：H7家蝇实验带菌消长的研究

目的采用大肠埃希菌O157∶H7-EDL933株,实验感染家蝇,观察家蝇体内外感染和带菌消长情况。方法点滴法体外定量染菌,剂量为1μ（l菌悬液浓度为8.0×10^5～1.9×10^7cfu/ml）,并采用昆虫单虫单管方法饲养观察。结果家蝇经体外染菌,获得体内外带菌,体外带菌时间中位数为（96.0±15.3）h（95%CI：66.0～126.0h）;体内中位数为（144.0±17.3）h（95%CI：110.2～177.8h）;家蝇体内外带菌消长差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.74,P=0.388）,家蝇最长带菌时间至少216h（9d）。结论研究结果提示,家蝇不仅是O157∶H7疾病传播的媒介,更重要的可能是人类感染潜在的贮存宿主。     

人工合成抗菌肽对口腔感染的防御作用的研究

目的体外观察不同浓度人工合成的抗菌肽（AMPs）对口腔常见感染白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制或杀灭作用。方法人工合成具有抗菌活性的七肽，并分离口腔常见感染白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌菌株。将人工合成的抗菌肽溶解于PBS溶液及无菌唾液中，通过试管法测定OD值（透光度）评价抗菌肽在不同时间、不同浓度对大肠杆菌的抑制作用；将抗菌肽制备成50-300μg／片不同浓度的药敏纸片，通过药敏纸片定量法（K-B法），观察抑菌环直径，评价不同浓度抗菌肽对白色念珠菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用。结果当大肠杆菌1×10^5cfu／ml时，加入150μmol／L或200μmol／L抗菌肽作用30min后，细菌计数为0，而对照组浓度为6700-9200cfu／ml；抗菌肽药敏纸片在100μg/片时，对金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌的抑菌环直径分别为（13．7±1．1）mm和（11．4±0．7）mm，当抗菌肽纸片浓度在300μg／片时，其对金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌的抑菌环直径分别为（16．5±1．3）mm和（17．±1．1）mm。溶解在PBS溶液及无菌唾液中的抗菌肽抑菌活性差异无统计学意义。结论人工合成的抗菌肽体外可有效的抑制口腔常见白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的感染，并且可在口腔唾液环境中稳定发挥抑菌活性。     

Bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli by milk. I. Colonization of breast-fed infants by milk resistant organisms.

Human milk has a bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli in vitro. The milks of 40 mothers were tested for this effect against E. coli isolated from their stools, from those of their own babies, and from those of babies not breast-fed. The milks had a direct bacteriostatic effect, not dependent on complement, on some but not all the strains of E. coli. Breast-fed babies receiving supplementary bottle feeds were colonized with milk-resistant strains, whereas bottle-fed babies and, surprisingly, babies completely breast-fed were colonized equally with milk-sensitive and milk-resistant strains, as were the mothers. These results suggest that the bacteriostatic effect of human milk, demonstrable in vitro does sometimes operate in vivo. The antibacterial activity of human milk is not infleunced by the O, H, or K antigens of E. coli and is effective against other Gram-negative organisms, e.g. Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus.     

凝胶化改性壳聚糖抑菌及抗腹腔感染作用研究

目的研究凝胶化改性壳聚糖的抑菌及抗感染作用.方法将壳聚糖行凝胶化改性,制成壳聚糖凝胶和壳聚糖膜.采用琼脂打孔扩散法,应用1%、2%、4%的壳聚糖凝胶进行体外抑菌试验.抗感染试验:在大鼠蚓突盲端刺孔制作腹腔感染模型,再将大鼠随机分成实验组和对照组,实验组应用壳聚糖膜覆盖带漏口的蚓突盲端,对照组不用膜,术后2周和4周观察腹腔感染的严重程度.结果抑菌试验:三种不同浓度的壳聚糖对所用的五种细菌均有明显的抑制作用,但其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌环直径均显著小于哌拉西林和林可霉素(P＜0.05);哌拉西林和林可霉素对白色念珠菌均无效,但三种浓度的壳聚糖组对白色念珠菌均形成明显的抑菌环.抗感染试验:术后2周和4周,实验组的腹腔感染程度均显著轻于对照组(P＜0.05).结论凝胶化改性壳聚糖不但对一般性感染菌具明显的抑制作用,对腹腔感染具一定的预防作用,且能抑制白色念珠菌的生长,具潜在的医用开发价值.     

Jn219抗轮状病毒的实验研究

目的 探讨真菌提取物Jn219在体内、外抗轮状病毒的作用.方法 利用含有Jn219的提取物,通过轮状病毒(RV)-MA104体外细胞感染模型,研究Jn219体外抗RV的作用;采用RV-乳鼠感染模型和疗效模型,以病理学、免疫组化技术探讨Jn219体内抑制病毒增殖、保护肠黏膜的作用.结果 Jn219在体外表现抑制RV SA11在MA104细胞增殖的作用,其半数抑毒浓度为1:384.92,抑毒指数为76.92;Jn219在体内抑制了病毒的复制,缓解了RV SA11感染引起的乳鼠腹泻,降低了乳鼠病死率,减轻了RV感染引起的肠道病理性变化.结论 Jn219在体外、体内均有抑制RV复制的作用.     

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents

In the present study, a series of 1-ethyl/benzyl-6-fluoro-7-(substituted piperazin-1-yl)1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the compounds were also determined by agar streak dilution method. The in vivo antibacterial activity of the compounds against Escherichia coli was also evaluated by mouse protection test. All the compounds exhibited significant antibacterial and weak antifungal activities. The in vivo antibacterial activity (ED50) against E. coli was 50-160 mg kg(-1) in the order of 7<9<8<10. 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl)1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (7) was found to exhibit the most potent in vitro antimicrobial activity with MIC of 4.1, 3.1, 3.1, 2.4, 1, 1, 25 and >100 microg mL(-1) against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.