山东省4326名7～1 2岁儿童体成分指数与血压水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童体成分指数与血压水平的相关性.方法 对4326名7～12岁儿童进行身高、体重、血压和皮褶厚度测量,采用回归方程推算体脂比(BF%),用公式计算脂肪组织指数(FMI)=BF%×体重/身高2和非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)=(体重-BF%×体重)/身高2.结果 FMI、FFMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)呈一定程度正相关,7～12岁儿童FMI与SBP的相关系数为0.432～0.531(男生)、0.413～0.485(女生),与DBP的相关系数为0.316～0450(男生)、0.345～0.421(女生).FFMI与SBP的相关系数为0.214～0.366(男生)、0.108～0.383(女生);与DBP的相关系数为0.090～0.250(男生)、0.063～0.214(女生).血压与FMI的相关性高于FFMI.血压偏高儿童的体成分指数显著高于正常儿童,以FMI差距最大.结论 预防儿童高血压应从控制体脂肪、预防肥胖做起.     

北京市儿童青少年体成分的分析

目的了解北京市儿童、青少年体成分的状况,分析其年龄和性别变化特点。方法利用3项在北京城区或北京郊区的儿童、青少年中开展的横断面研究,选取8、9、10、13、14、15岁男女生共947人。测量身高、体重,计算体质指数;采用双能X线吸收法测量全身及手臂、腿部和躯干的体成分,计算身体脂肪含量指数(FMI)、去脂体重指数(FFMI)、体脂百分比(%BF)和躯干/四肢脂肪比。结果随年龄增长,女生的FMI从4.8 kg/m2增加到7.6 kg/m2,%BF、FFMI和骨矿物质含量均相应增加;男生FMI从13岁开始下降,%BF则从8岁的23.9%下降到15岁的14.7%,但FFMI和骨矿物质含量均相应增加。各年龄段女生的FMI和%BF均高于同龄男生,且脂肪均主要分布于四肢;女生FFMI均低于同龄男生,8~15岁男生的增长总量接近女生的2倍,且瘦体重主要分布于躯干;男女生间骨矿物质含量差异无统计学意义。结论儿童青少年在生长过程中,各种体成分的含量、比例和分布不断变化,且存在性别差异。     

Serological survey for congenital toxoplasmosis among 4,136 pregnant women

A prospective seroepidemiological survey for latent congenital toxoplasmosis was carried out among 4,136 women and 3,787 of their offspring in and around Montreal. The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was used to titrate specific IgG and IgM antibodies and results were standardized in international units. The prevalence of antibodies was 40·8% for the mothers and 36·4% for the babies. Mean annual seroconversion rate was 0·95%. Thus, 30 women would have been expected to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: two cases only were observed and the reasons for it are discussed. Four cases of congenital toxoplasmosis were diagnosed serologically (0·1%), none of them showed any signs of illness. Preventive treatment was administered to 12 of 52 pregnant women suspected of a recently acquired infection.     

Bioelectrical impedance analysis-part II: utilization in clinical practice

BIA is easy, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive and can be performed in almost any subject because it is portable. Part II of these ESPEN guidelines reports results for fat-free mass (FFM), body fat (BF), body cell mass (BCM), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) from various studies in healthy and ill subjects. The data suggests that BIA works well in healthy subjects and in patients with stable water and electrolytes balance with a validated BIA equation that is appropriate with regard to age, sex and race. Clinical use of BIA in subjects at extremes of BMI ranges or with abnormal hydration cannot be recommended for routine assessment of patients until further validation has proven for BIA algorithm to be accurate in such conditions. Multi-frequency- and segmental-BIA may have advantages over single-frequency BIA in these conditions, but further validation is necessary. Longitudinal follow-up of body composition by BIA is possible in subjects with BMI 16-34 kg/m(2) without abnormal hydration, but must be interpreted with caution. Further validation of BIA is necessary to understand the mechanisms for the changes observed in acute illness, altered fat/lean mass ratios, extreme heights and body shape abnormalities.     

Body composition in 98 patients awaiting kidney transplantation

ObjectiveRecent data suggest that the nutritional status of patients who are on the waiting list for kidney transplantation, influence outcomes after renal transplantation. Body composition (BC) analysis is rarely included in pretransplant evaluation. The aim of this study was to determine how alteration of the BC of these patients could influence pretransplant and post-transplant care.MethodsWe compared the BC of French patients on a waiting list for kidney transplantation to a sex- and age-matched healthy, European control population. Patients were included when listed for kidney grafting in a prospective longitudinal study (CORPOS). Biological nutritional parameters, fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were assessed on the day of wait-list registration. FFM and FM index (FFMi - FMi) are the ratio of FFM and FM to height squared. Results are expressed as median (range). These indexes were compared with previous study values used as a normal range in nutritional assessment and clinical practice.ResultsThe study included 28 women and 70 men aged 25.3 to 65.9 y. Body mass index ranged from 16.8 kg/m² to 39.4 kg/m². Compared with controls, FMi was higher in women (10.6 kg/m² [3.7–18.6 kg/m²]) than in men (8.1 kg/m² [3.5–13.3 kg/m²] in M) and FFMi was lower in women (14.3 kg/m² [11.8–21.4 kg/m²]) than in men (17.9 kg/m² [13.9-24.2 kg/m²]) (P < 0.01), reflecting an abnormal distribution of body compartments. All biological parameters were within the normal range.ConclusionBC abnormalities, which can only be detected with the use of DXA, are present in patients on a kidney transplantation waiting list. Detection of these abnormalities could influence the post-transplantation survey in order to prevent the frequent risk for developing metabolic complications after the procedure.