701名女大学生儿童期性虐待回顾性调查

目的探讨成年女生儿童期性虐待危险因素及施虐者特征。方法用自编性虐待问题及家庭环境问卷，对某学院701名成年女生就有关儿童期受性虐待经历、家庭情况及施虐者特征进行不记名的回顾性调查。结果701名女生中有155人（22．1l％）回答18岁以前曾经历过非身体接触和／或身体接触的性虐待，其中26人（3．71％）经历被试图性交或肛交，8人（1．14％）经历被强行性交或肛交。有117人（16．69％）16岁以前曾经历过性虐待。施虐者大多数为男性（99．4％）；只有少数（3．2％）的施虐者采用了暴力手段；非身体接触性虐待主要由陌生人所为（78．7％），而71．3％的身体接触性虐待是由熟人所为，其中老师占12．5％，邻居占17．5％，亲戚占21．3％。父、母亲经常在家庭中使用暴力、有不良嗜好、体弱多病、家庭成员之间关系紧张及生活在重组家庭是儿童性虐待发生的危险因素，而父亲文化程度高是保护因素。结论儿童期性虐待问题在被调查的女生中并非少见，且家庭环境在儿童性虐待发生中起重要作用。     

565名大学生儿童期性虐待经历回顾性调查

目的 了解大学生中儿童期性虐待发生情况,探讨性虐待经历对大学生心理健康的影响。方法 用自填式问卷,于2003年9月对一所普通高校565名大学生就有关儿童期受性虐待经历进行不记名回顾性调查。结果 在被调查的565名大学生中,有20.0％(32/160)的女生和14.3％(58/405)的男生报告16岁以前曾经历过非身体接触或身体接触的性虐待,其中18名(11.3％)女生和31名(7.7％)男生经历过身体接触的性虐待。儿童期性虐待经历首次发生年龄59.4％的女生、51.7％的男生发生在11岁及以下。与没有儿童期性虐待经历的学生比较,有儿童期性虐待经历的学生抑郁情绪量表得分高;健康状况自我感觉评价得分低;症状自评简表中的躯体症状、敌意、强迫症状和焦虑得分高;有过性交行为及在调查的近一年里考虑过自杀、饮酒醉过的比例高。结论 儿童性虐待问题在中国并非少见。大学生心理健康问题与儿童期性虐待经历相关。亟待开展儿童期性虐待的预防工作及为受害者提供心理健康服务。     

某高等职业学院女生儿童期性虐待情况

目的了解高等职业学院女生儿童期性虐待发生情况,探讨性虐待对成年女生心理行为的影响。方法采用自制性虐待问题问卷及症状自评量表,对某高等职业学校701名女生儿童期性虐待经历及其行为问题进行调查。结果被调查的701名女生中有155人(22.11%)回答18岁以前曾经历过至少1次1种或多种性虐待,其中98人(13.98%)回答经历过至少1次1种性虐待,57人(8.13%)回答经历过多种性虐待;以其经历过的最严重的性虐待进行统计,有75人(10.70%)被非身体接触性性虐待,有80人(11.41%)被身体接触性性虐待,其中包括26人(3.71%)被试图性交和8人(1.14%)被强行性交。16岁以前有117人(16.69%)曾经历过性虐待。与没有性虐待经历的女生比较,有儿童期性虐待经历的女生行为症状因子得分高,差异有统计学意义。结论应重视女童性虐待问题,儿童期性虐待经历是导致成年后心理问题的重要因素。     

大专女生儿童期性虐待358名调查分析

[目的]初步了解儿童期性虐待（childhood sexual abuse,CSA）发生情况,探讨性虐待经历对学生心理健康的影响.[方法]用自填式问卷,于2003年11月对某大专院校以班级为单位整群抽取的358名女生就有关CSA经历进行不记名的回顾性调查.[结果]在被调查的358名女生中,有73人（20.4%）报告在16岁前曾经历非身体接触或身体接触的性虐待;其中6人（1.7%）经历过被试图性交,2人（0.6%）经历过被强行性交.50.7%的儿童性虐待首次发生年龄在11岁及以下.儿童16岁前其父亲是否酗酒及16岁前儿童与什么亲人住在一起与CSA的发生有关.与无CSA经历的女生相比,有CSA经历的女生症状自评得分及其中的抑郁因子分、焦虑因子分均高,差异有显著性.[结论]CSA在我国女童中可能并非少见,CSA经历是影响受害者心理健康的因素之一.     

家庭环境与男性儿童性虐待的相关性分析

[目的]探讨家庭环境对儿童性虐待发生的影响,为有关部门制定预防儿童性虐待对策提供参考依据.[方法]用自编性虐待问题及家庭情况问卷,对某学院606名成年男生就有关儿童期受性虐待经历及家庭情况进行不记名的回顾性调查.[结果]606名男生中有89人（14.7%）回答18岁以前曾经历过非身体接触和/或身体接触的性虐待,其中包括9人经历过被试图性交或肛交,3人经历过被强行性交或肛交.有69人（11.4%）回答16岁以前曾经历过性虐待.施虐者大多数为男性（85.4%）;只有少数（6.7%）的施虐者采用了暴力手段;89.9%（80/89）的受害者自述在受虐前与施虐者认识,其中老师为14.6%（13/89）,邻居为21.3%（19/89）.父亲有不良嗜好、母亲经常在家庭中使用暴力、体弱多病、与祖父母之间关系紧张及生活在重组家庭是男童性虐待发生的危险因素.[结论]儿童期性虐待问题在被调查的男生中并非少见,且家庭环境在儿童性虐待发生中起重要作用.     

中国6省市2508名大学生儿童期性虐待经历回顾性调查

目的 了解大学生中儿童期性虐待发生情况,探讨性虐待经历与大学生心理健康的关联.方法 采用自填式问卷,于2003年11月至2004年3月对北京、河北、山西、江苏、陕西、安徽6省市6所普通高校中2508名大学生(女生1360人,男生1148人)童年期性虐待经历进行不记名回顾性调查.结果 2508名大学生中,有24.8%的女生和17.6%的男生报告16岁前曾经历过1项或1项以上的性虐待,其中包括非身体接触的性虐待(女生20.0%,男生14.6%)和包括触摸在内的身体接触的性虐待(女生14.1%,男生7.8%).儿童期性虐待经历与是否为独生子女、家庭居住地是农村还是非农村、父母亲文化程度等没有明显的关联.与没有童年期性虐待经历的学生比较,有童年期性虐待经历的学生躯体化症状、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性症状等因子均分偏高.结论 童年期性虐待经历与大学生心理健康问题相关.     

1762名大专学生童年期虐待经历及影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生儿童期虐待发生情况及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供科学依据.方法 用自填式问卷,对1 762名大专学生就有关儿童时期受虐待经历进行不记名回顾性调查.结果 在被调查的1 762名大学生中,76.2％的人在儿童期有遭受虐待经历,儿童期躯体虐待发生率为59.4％,男生为76.0％,女生为49.2％;精神虐待为61.5％,男生为69.0％,女生为57.0％;性虐待为10.2％,男生为8.1％,女生为11.5％.男生躯体虐待(x2=124.139,P=0.000)和精神虐待(x2=25.338,P=0.000)发生率均高于女生,女生性虐待发生率高于男生(x2=5.387,P=0.020).多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示:父母婚姻状况不良是发生儿童虐待的危险因素(OR=2.407),女童(OR=0.409)、母亲文化程度高(OR=0.718)是儿童虐待发生的保护因素.结论 儿童虐待现象比较普遍,应加强对儿童虐待问题的重视,促进学生健康成长.     

某大学专科女生童年期预防性侵犯教育与性侵犯发生情况的关联分析

了解某大学专科女生儿童期性侵犯发生情况及其与童年期预防性侵犯教育的关联,为预防儿童性侵犯的发生提供参考.方法 采用自编问卷,对山东省某学院≥18岁的690名大专女生就有关儿童期受性侵犯经历进行回顾性调查,同时对预防性侵犯知识及其童年期亲子间预防性侵犯交流情况进行测评.结果 有144人(16.52%)回答16岁以前曾经历过非身体接触和(或)身体接触的性侵犯,其中8.84%的女生经历过身体接触性侵犯.侵害者均为男性,性侵犯发生后只有12.39%的儿童将经历告知了家长.童年期亲子间预防性侵犯交流情况比较,无性侵犯经历的学生与非身体接触性侵犯经历的学生得分差异无统计学意义(t=0.302,P>0.05);有身体接触性侵犯经历的学生得分明显低于无性侵犯经历的学生,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.273,P<0.05).结论 儿童期性侵犯问题在被调查的学生中并非少见,童年期亲子间预防性侵犯交流对预防身体接触性侵犯有积极影响.     

某医科院校485名大学生儿童期虐待经历的调查

目的了解大学生在儿童时期遭受虐待的情况,阐明虐待发生的流行病学特点及其影响因素。方法用自填式问卷,于2005年4月对某医学院校485名在校大学生儿童期虐待经历进行不记名的回顾性调查。结果在被调查的485名大学生中,94.6%的人在儿童期有遭受虐待经历,儿童期躯体虐待发生率为88.0%,其中92.8%的男生和80.8%的女生遭受过躯体虐待;情感虐待发生率为74.4%,其中75.7%的男生和72.5%的女生遭受过情期感虐待;性虐待发生率为26.6%,其中21.2%的男生和35.2%的女生遭受过性虐待。结论儿童虐待在中国已是一个常见且严重的问题,需要得到足够的重视及采取相应的预防与控制。     

高中/中专女生290名16岁后非情愿性经历调查

目的了解高中/中专女生非情愿性经历发生情况,为预防青少年性暴力问题提供科学依据。方法使用2002年5月对某中学和某中专女生健康相关问题调查数据,分析其16岁后非情愿性经历情况。结果在被调查的290名女生中,13.8%报告在16岁以后有过非情愿的非身体接触性经历(7.6%)或/和身体接触性经历(9.3%)。与没有童年期性虐待经历的女生比较,有童年期性虐待经历的女生,16岁以后发生非情愿性经历的比例明显偏高。结论女生16岁以后非情愿性经历问题值得关注。要重视社区和学校的性暴力预防与干预工作。     

Substance abuse among sexually abused adolescents and their families

The concurrence of substance abuse and history of sexual abuse among adolescents has prompted this study of substance abuse patterns among families of adolescents who report incest or extrafamilial sexual abuse. A total of 3,179 ninth-grade students in a rural midwestern state completed a survey that included questions about individual and family substance abuse. Adolescents who had been sexually abused were more likely to report substance abuse for themselves as well as for members of their immediate families. They were also more likely to report that they used substances because of family problems, school problems, and because they were sad, lonely, or angry. Adolescents reporting a parent with an alcohol or a drug problem were more likely to use cigarettes, marijuana, alcohol, or “speed.” Adolescents experiencing extrafamilial abuse reported more alcohol abuse and more alcohol-related problems than those who experienced incest. There were similar reports of parental and familial alcohol and drug problems among those experiencing incest and those experiencing extrafamilial abuse. Those with drug-abusing parents, however, were most likely to report some kind of sexual abuse history.     

Factors Associated with Hospitalization in Confirmed Cases of Physical Child Abuse

Selected characteristics of twenty-seven confirmed cases of physical child abuse requiring hospitalization were compared with 105 confirmed cases of physical abuse not requiring hospitalization. Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the age of the abused child and whether or not that child was hospitalized. Children under the age of three were most likely to be hospitalized as a result of abuse. Sex of child, total number of children in the family, age of the alleged perpetrator, sex of alleged perpetrator, and relationship of child to the alleged perpetrator were not found to be significantly related to hospitalization of the child. Implications are discussed for identifying children most in need of services in human service settings.     

Substance abuse among street children in Mumbai

Abstract

Adolescent street boys are a highly mobile population and difficult to reach. They are recognized to be vulnerable to substance, physical and sexual abuse. Our objective was to conduct a study among adolescent street boys of Mumbai City to assess substance, physical and sexual abuse and the factors associated with them. Most of the studies on adolescent street boys were conducted either in observation homes or via surveys, but we have adopted a unique approach in which a cross-sectional study was conducted in a 3-day ‘Diwali Festival Mela’, an annual celebration when these adolescent street boys come from almost all areas of Mumbai City in large numbers. During this period they are relaxed and provide confidential information in privacy; the response rate was 83.5%. Of 163 street boys, 132 (80.98%) were substance abusers; 52 (31.9%) had been sexually abused and 87 (53.3%) had been physically abused. The most common reasons for substance abuse or the perceived functions of substance use mentioned by participants were peer pressure (62.1%), experimentation (36.3%) or to boost self-confidence (28.7%). Almost three-quarters (70 %) of all substance users wanted to quit and about 40% had tried to quit. A multiple logistic regression statistical method was used in which increasing age, family pathology, substance abuse among peers and those who were living ‘only on-street’ were at a greater risk of substance abuse (P < 0.05), while concerning sexual abuse the above factors were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Those adolescent street boys with family pathology were at more risk of physical abuse, with a statistical significance of P < 0.05. This study will help in the intervention and evaluation of programmes intended for a most elusive population at extreme risk for various abuses and its adverse consequences.     

The Effects of Childhood Abuse on Relationship Quality: Gender Differences and Clinical Implications

This study examined the relationship between self‐reported childhood physical and sexual abuse, romantic relationship quality, possible gender differences, and clinical implications. Three hundred thirty‐eight women and 296 men who sought services at a university mental health clinic in the northeast region of the United States completed a 30‐minute self‐report assessment questionnaire before their first therapy session. Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of childhood physical and sexual abuse, relationship stability, problem areas in the relationship, and other demographic information. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that childhood physical abuse influenced relationship quality for both men and women whereas childhood sexual abuse did not have a significant impact on relationship quality for either gender. The results of the study indicated that there may be more gender similarities than differences in experiences of childhood abuse and relationship quality than previous research has shown.     

Factors Associated with Hospitalization in Confirmed Cases of Physical Child Abuse

Selected characteristics of twenty‐seven confirmed cases of physical child abuse requiring hospitalization were compared with 105 confirmed cases of physical abuse not requiring hospitalization. Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the age of the abused child and whether or not that child was hospitalized. Children under the age of three were most likely to be hospitalized as a result of abuse. Sex of child, total number of children in the family, age of the alleged perpetrator, sex of alleged perpetrator, and relationship of child to the alleged perpetrator were not found to be significantly related to hospitalization of the child. Implications are discussed for identifying children most in need of services in human service settings.     

Pilot study of abuse of asthma inhalers by middle and high school students

During a school-based survey, middle and high school students (n = 1536) reported on their nonprescribed, lifetime use of asthma inhalers. Approximately 15% of 8th and 9th graders reported using nonprescribed asthma inhalers; the odds for this behavior were significantly higher for these students (2.25 and 2.30, respectively) and the nonprescribed use of asthma inhalers was significantly associated with higher rates of other drug use.     

Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities

This article provides a comprehensive review of the State of the Art, regarding abuse of persons with disabilities as of 2/90. It provides a unique approach to defining abuse, gives statistics on incidence and prevalence, and a national review of data collection efforts. Prevention programs nationwide are scattered, and inconsistent, but represent a growing interest and implementation. Identification of abuse continues to be an obstacle, both for social service and law enforcement, who require information (date, location, perpetrator identification) that many developmentally disabled persons are unable to give. Recommendations for specialized requirements and interview approaches are given. Treatment issues include getting someone to make a referral to a clinician, then having a competent clinician available who is trained in the three areas of developmental disability, sexuality, and abuse treatment. Recommendations include training for direct service staff, development of SCAN teams at service sites, and improvement of social and legal systems to address the special needs of this population.     

The Institutionalised Abuse of Children in Australia: Past and Present

Institutionalised forms of child abuse have been committed by both government and non-government authorities including the police force, social service departments, the diplomatic service, schools and pre-schools, the judicial system and the church. This paper examines Australian examples and shows that leadership may mitigate or amplify abuse by authority. The precedence of the rights of adults over the rights of children is also viewed as a factor in child abuse. The recent creation in Australia, of another authority -- a 'Commissioner for Children' -- may go some way towards rectifying this imbalance of rights.     

An exploration of child maltreatment among homeless families: implications for family policy

This research explores the incidence of child maltreatment among homeless families. The maltreatment explored in the study includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse. The data reported a high incidence of child maltreatment in the lives of the homeless. The policy implications for these findings are discussed.     

Treatment of Sexually Abused Children Who Are Deaf

This article will address the vulnerability of children who are deaf to sexual abuse and treatment techniques specifically for this population. The experience of the author was at a large city outpatient program in a department of psychiatry. This clinic served families where someone in the family was deaf or hard of hearing. The pioneering efforts in the 1980s were some of the first treatment for this population and this is the basis for this article.