胸腔镜下肺叶切除在早期肺癌根治术中的临床价值

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除在肺癌根治术中的临床价值。方法 2008年1月—2009年12月本院收治48例I、Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌,其中28例电视胸腔镜辅助小切口行肺叶切除术及肺门纵隔淋巴结清扫(VAMT组),并与20例常规开胸手术下完成肺叶切除术及淋巴结清扫(开胸组)的疗效进行比较分析。结果 2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中出血量、术后引流量、抗生素用量VAMT组比开胸组少,且住院时间比开胸组短。结论在肺癌根治术中,电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术疗效确切、安全,可以作为非小细胞肺癌的一种常规治疗手段。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗早期周围型肺癌的临床价值分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜治疗早期周围型肺癌的临床价值。方法将我院收治的20例早期周围型肺癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组10例,观察组使用电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术进行治疗,对照组采用常规开胸切口肺叶切除术治疗,对其疗效进行分析和探讨。结果观察组患者在手术出血量、切口长度及术后引流量方面显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目的比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论电视胸腔镜辅助小切口术治疗早期周围型肺癌具有切口小、术中出血少、胸腔引流量少等优势,但其开展时间不长,需积累经验,不断优化手术技巧。     

微创手术治疗肺癌67例临床体会

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口在肺癌根治手术中的应用价值。方法对2008年1月至2011年10月期间本院应用电视胸腔镜加小切口技术行肺癌根治手术的67例患者资料进行回顾分析。结果67例患者均顺利进行肺叶或一侧全肺切除加淋巴结清扫术。术后切口疼痛明显较常规开胸者轻,咳嗽排痰有力,绝大多数患者术后毋需镇痛剂止痛。无手术死亡病例。术后引流时间3～10（5．5±2．2）d。住院时间7～18（10±4．5）d。结论电视胸腔镜加小切口行肺癌根治手术安全、可靠,创伤小,淋巴结清扫彻底,符合肺癌根治手术原则。     

全胸腔镜与传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的对比分析

目的 探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术与传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效.方法 121例NSCLC患者中53例行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术(全胸腔镜组),68例行传统开胸肺叶切除术(传统开胸组),比较两组的临床疗效.结果 全胸腔镜组术中出血量、术后吗啡用量、术后住院时间显著小于传统开胸组[(140.3 ±54.0) ml比(257.7±62.9) ml、(9.3±6.9) mg比(18.2±8.5)mg、(7.3±2.4)d比(10.4±3.3)d],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组手术时间、术后引流总量、术后胸管留置时间及纵隔淋巴结清扫数目比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).全胸腔镜组术后并发症发生率为5.7％(3/53),传统开胸组为17.6％(12/68),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗NSCLC是安全可行的,值得临床推广应用.     

电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗高龄非小细胞肺癌患者的临床研究

目的研究电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗高龄非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床效果。方法选取2019年3月至2020年3月期间我院收治的168例高龄NSCLC患者,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(n=83)和观察组(n=85)。对照组采用传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗,观察组采用电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗,比较两组的手术相关指标及并发症发生情况。结果两组的淋巴结清扫量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组的手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,切口长度小于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率为5.88%,明显低于对照组的21.69%(P <0.05)。结论对高龄NSCLC患者来说,电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术与传统开胸肺叶切除术的淋巴结清扫量相当,但电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术可明显缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少术中出血量,缩小手术切口,且并发症发生率较低,值得临床推广应用。     

胸腔镜和开胸肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌近期疗效比较的meta分析

目的评价胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的价值。方法收集1990-2011年公开发表的有关胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术与传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的中文和外文文献,对两种术式的手术时间、出血量、清扫淋巴结数目、胸管留置时间、住院时间、并发症发生率共6个效应量进行meta分析。结果筛选出符合纳入标准的研究4项（479例）,均为随机对照研究。胸腔镜组与开胸组在出血量、清扫淋巴结数目、胸管留置时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而手术时间、住院时间、并发症发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,胸腔镜组的手术时间延长,住院时间缩短,并发症减少。结论胸腔镜手术比传统开胸手术恢复快,住院周期缩短,并发症发生率降低,术中出血量和清扫淋巴结数目相当,手术时间稍长,胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌安全可行。     

电视胸腔镜在肺癌手术中的临床应用

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口(VAMT)完成解剖意义上彻底的肺叶切除和淋巴结清扫的可行性.方法 VAMT实施肺叶切除合并淋巴结清扫治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌46例患者(VAMT组),并与同期行常规开胸手术46例肺癌患者(常规开胸组)进行比较研究.结果 VAMT组手术顺利,无严重并发症.在手术时间、淋巴结清扫范围及数量等方面与常规开胸组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中出血量:VAMT组(150±85)ml,常规开胸组(215±80)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);术后住院时间:VAMT组(9.2±4.9)d,常规开胸组(13.5±7.2)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 VAMT肺癌手术安全可行,符合肺癌手术原则,可在临床推广应用.     

传统开胸与胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗肺癌临床观察

目的:探讨传统开胸与胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗原发性肺癌临床疗效差异.方法:选取原发性肺癌患者共110例,以随机区组法分为开胸组(55例)和胸腔镜组(55例),分别采用传统开胸与胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗;比较两组患者围手术期临床指标,手术前后CRP水平及术后生活质量评分等.结果:胸腔镜组患者术中出血量、胸腔引流时间及住院时间均显著优于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胸腔镜组患者术后3d?CRP水平显著低于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时胸腔镜组患者术后生活质量评分显著高于开胸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗原发性肺癌可显著减轻手术创伤,促进机体康复,降低炎症反应水平,并有助于提高患者的生活质量,价值优于传统开胸肺叶切除术.     

电视辅助胸腔镜下周围型非小细胞肺癌根治术与常规开胸手术的对照研究

目的 通过对电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)及开胸手术治疗周围型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床资料进行对比分析,研究VATS下周围型NSCLC根治术的安全性、有效性及优缺点.方法 回顾性分析60例行VATS下周围型NSCLC根治术患者(VATS组)与43例采用传统开胸手术治疗的周围型NSCLC患者(开胸组)的临床资料,对两组手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结总数、术后并发症、术后胸腔引流总量、术后住院时间及止痛药使用量等进行统计分析.结果 VATS组手术均成功,无围手术期死亡,其中2例中转开胸.VATS组与开胸组相比,手术时间(184.3±33.9) min比(156.6±43.7) min,术中出血量(225±152) ml比(348±157)ml,术后胸腔引流天数(3.2±1.2)d比(4.3±1.9)d,术后胸腔引流总量(1182.4±545.5) ml比(1431.6±510.5)ml,使用吗啡量(4.4±4.3) mg比(7.7±5.9) mg,使用曲马多缓释片(2.3±2.8)片比(3.8±3.4)片,术后住院时间(10.5±1.8)d比(12.0±1.9)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01或＜0.05).两组清扫淋巴结总数分别为(15.8±6.3)个和(18.6±7.5)个,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；两组术后并发症(心房颤动、肺炎、乳糜胸、胸腔持续漏气)发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 VATS下周围型NSCLC根治术是安全可行的,可以达到开胸手术的根治标准,并具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快的特点.     

单向式胸腔镜非小细胞肺癌根治术的临床分析

目的 探讨单向式胸腔镜非小细胞肺癌根治术的安全性和可靠性,评价其手术适应证.方法 对2009年10月至2013年3月收治的96例非小细胞肺癌患者施行胸腔镜肺叶切除＋纵隔淋巴结清扫术,观察治疗效果.结果 所有患者手术均获成功,无手术死亡病例.术中失血量（160±56） ml,清扫淋巴结数量（10.3±4.1）枚,手术时间（253±42） min,术后胸腔引流时间（4.3±2.1）d,术后住院时间（13.5±5.3）d.结论 单向式胸腔镜非小细胞肺癌根治术在技术上是安全、可行的,但要把握好手术适应证.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

女性生殖器结核的临床表现及腹腔镜与宫腔镜检查特点分析

目的探讨女性生殖器结核(FGT)的临床表现,以及在腹腔镜、宫腔镜检查的表现特点,提高临床对FGT的诊断和鉴别诊断能力。 方法选择2010年1月至2016年12月,于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科微创中心进行腹腔镜和(或)宫腔镜检查,并经抗酸染色法和(或)活组织病理学检查,以及腹水培养病原学检查确诊为FGT的33例患者为研究对象。其年龄为17～73岁,平均为(31.4±5.6)岁。采用回顾性分析方法,收集所有患者的不孕、腹部异常症状、月经改变等临床表现,胸部X射线摄片、CT检查等影像学辅助检查结果,以及腹腔镜探查、宫腔镜检查、活组织病理学检查结果,并进行统计学分析。对于患者的不孕、腹部异常症状、月经改变等临床表现发生率,以及腹腔镜、宫腔镜检查结果所占比例等计量资料,采用率(%)表示。 结果①本研究33例FGT患者的临床表现中,以不孕最为多见,为21例(63.6%,21/33)。其他临床表现包括：下腹胀痛为7例(21.2%,7/33),腹水为5例(15.2%,5/33),盆腔包块为5例(15.2%,5/33),月经量过少或闭经为4例(12.1%,4/33),月经不规律为2例(6.1%,2/33),痛经为1例(3.0%,1/33),绝经后出血为1例(3.0%,1/33)。②本研究33例FGT患者中,经活组织病理学检查确诊为FGT者为26例,其中,17例确诊为输卵管结核,3例确诊为输卵管结核合并卵巢结核,6例确诊为子宫内膜结核,病理学诊断FGT阳性率为78.8%(26/33);1例(3%,1/33)抗酸染色结果呈强阳性,确诊为输卵管结核;4例(12.1%,4/33)经腹部X射线摄片检查确诊为输卵管结核;2例(6.1%,2/33)经诊断性抗结核治疗后,确诊为输卵管结核。③本研究33例FGT患者的影像学辅助检查结果提示,该检查对诊断FGT的符合率为21.2%(7/33)。④本研究33例FGT患者的腹腔镜检查结果如下：合并腹水者为7例(21.2 %,7/33),腹膜粟粒样改变者为16例(48.5%,16/33),输卵管积水与周围组织包裹成团者为10例(30.3%,10/33),输卵管增粗,呈串珠样、腊肠样改变者为13例(39.4%,7/33),输卵管伞端有黄色脓液流出者为1例(3.0%,1/33),卵巢呈苍白样改变、质硬者为2例(6.1%,2/33),盆、腹腔内可见干酪样坏死物者为13例(39.4%,13/33)。⑤本研究33例FGT患者中,25例因合并不孕或月经改变,接受腹腔镜检查的同时进行宫腔镜检查的结果显示,6例(24.0%,6/25)宫角局部子宫内膜增厚不平,输卵管开口细小;1例(4.0%,1/25)子宫内膜变薄,呈不规则苍白样改变;4例(16.0%,4/25)为宫腔黏连,其中1例(4.0%,1/25)可见干酪样钙化灶;其余14例(56.0%,14/25)宫腔镜检查结果均为正常宫腔形态。 结论腹腔镜和(或)宫腔镜检查可清晰显示FGT病灶的部位、大小、形态及病变周围情况,对于FGT的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

Timeliness of surveillance during outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection, Germany, 2011

In the context of a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Germany, we quantified the timeliness of the German surveillance system for hemolytic uremic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli notifiable diseases during 2003-2011. Although reporting occurred faster than required by law, potential for improvement exists at all levels of the information chain.     

Medical management of heavy menstrual bleeding

Women with benign heavy menstrual bleeding have the choice of a number of medical treatment options to reduce their blood loss and improve quality of life. The role of the clinician is to provide information to facilitate women in making an appropriate choice. Unfortunately, many options can be associated with hormonal side effects, prevention of fertility and lack of efficacy, leading to discontinuation and progression to surgical interventions. Herein, we discuss the various options currently available to women, including antifibrinolytics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations, oral contraceptive pills and oral, injectable and intrauterine progestogens. In addition, we describe the more novel option of selective progesterone receptor modulators and their current benefits and limitations.     

Seroprevalence of trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus

We identified a new polyomavirus in skin lesions from a patient with trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS). Apart from TS being an extremely rare disease, little is known of its epidemiology. On the basis of knowledge regarding other polyomaviruses, we anticipated that infections with trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSV) occur frequently and become symptomatic only in immunocompromised patients. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed and used a Luminex-based TSV viral protein 1 immunoassay, excluded cross-reactivity with phylogenetically related Merkel cell polyomavirus, and measured TSV seroreactivity. Highest reactivity was found in a TS patient. In 528 healthy persons in the Netherlands, a wide range of seroreactivities was measured and resulted in an overall TSV seroprevalence of 70% (range 10% in small children to 80% in adults). In 80 renal transplant patients, seroprevalence was 89%. Infection with the new TSV polyomavirus is common and occurs primarily at a young age.     

Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities

During the past decade, transmission of the bacterium Kingella kingae has caused clusters of serious infections, including osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, among children in daycare centers in the United States, France, and Israel. These events have been characterized by high attack rates of disease and prevalence of the invasive strain among asymptomatic classmates of the respective index patients, suggesting that the causative organisms benefitted from enhanced colonization fitness, high transmissibility, and high virulence. After prophylactic antibacterial drugs were administered to close contacts of infected children, no further cases of disease were detected in the facilities, although test results showed that some children still carried the bacterium. Increased awareness of this public health problem and use of improved culture methods and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays for detecting infected children and respiratory carriers are needed to identify and adequately investigate outbreaks of K. kingae disease.     

Development of a Web-Based System for Exploring Cancer Risk With Long-term Use of Drugs: Logistic Regression Approach

BackgroundExisting epidemiological evidence regarding the association between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk remains controversial.ObjectiveWe aimed to have a comprehensive view of the cancer risk of the long-term use of drugs.MethodsA nationwide population-based, nested, case-control study was conducted within the National Health Insurance Research Database sample cohort of 1999 to 2013 in Taiwan. We identified cases in adults aged 20 years and older who were receiving treatment for at least two months before the index date. We randomly selected control patients from the patients without a cancer diagnosis during the 15 years (1999-2013) of the study period. Case and control patients were matched 1:4 based on age, sex, and visit date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between drug exposure and cancer risk by adjusting potential confounders such as drugs and comorbidities.ResultsThere were 79,245 cancer cases and 316,980 matched controls included in this study. Of the 45,368 associations, there were 2419, 1302, 662, and 366 associations found statistically significant at a level of P<.05, P<.01, P<.001, and P<.0001, respectively. Benzodiazepine derivatives were associated with an increased risk of brain cancer (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.379, 95% CI 1.138-1.670; P=.001). Statins were associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (AOR 0.470, 95% CI 0.426-0.517; P<.0001) and gastric cancer (AOR 0.781, 95% CI 0.678-0.900; P<.001). Our web-based system, which collected comprehensive data of associations, contained 2 domains: (1) the drug and cancer association page and (2) the overview page.ConclusionsOur web-based system provides an overview of comprehensive quantified data of drug-cancer associations. With all the quantified data visualized, the system is expected to facilitate further research on cancer risk and prevention, potentially serving as a stepping-stone to consulting and exploring associations between the long-term use of drugs and cancer risk.     

The joy of family practice

Many family physicians have written about how they influence, nurture, and empower people in their communities of practice. In this essay, the author writes of the personal joys that family medicine has brought him. An expression of his appreciation for his work as a family doctor, it touches on 6 themes that continue to rejuvenate his practice: love, faith, mystery, place, dance, and medicine. By examining the emotional and psychological dimensions of these themes, he offers a path by which other family physicians may be able to find sustenance and joy in their daily work.     

483例冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局影响因素回顾性分析

目的：探讨冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期妊娠结局的影响因素。方法：收集2016年1月-12月于中国人民解放军武汉总医院生殖医学中心行FET患者的临床资料,根据妊娠成功与否将纳入的483个周期分为妊娠组（253个周期）和非妊娠组（230个周期）。对2组一般情况进行比较,并通过Logistic回归分析探讨FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结果：妊娠组年龄小于非妊娠组,妊娠组移植优胚数高于非妊娠组（均P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=0.715,95%CI：0.550～0.930,P=0.012）、移植优胚数（OR=1.780,95%CI：1.323～2.395,P=0.000）和胚胎类型（OR=1.737,95%CI：1.076～2.805,P=0.024）是FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结论：年龄越小、移植囊胚期胚胎、增加移植优胚数有利于提高FET周期种植成功率和临床妊娠率。