中美突发传染病事件应急系统对比分析

SARS防治工作暴露出我国突发传染病事件的应急处理机制还不够健全，在应急处理工作中还存在着信息不准、反应不快、应急准备不足、法律责任不明确等问题。为此，国务院修订了《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》，制定了《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》(以下简称《条例》)，《条例》规定，突发公共卫生事件的范围是指突然发生，造成或者可能造成社会公众健康严重损害的重大传染病疫情、     

突发公共卫生事件预警

预警工作在自然灾害、事故灾难和社会安全事件等突发事件预防和减轻危害工作中的应用已有较长历史,但突发公共卫生事件的预警在SARS流行之后才得到高度重视.2003年颁布实施的《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》中对突发公共卫生事件应急预案内容提出了“监测与预警”的工作要求,2004年修订的《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》第19条规定“国家建立传染病预警制度”，并对预警发出后政府与卫生部门的职责提出了要求.     

基层疾控中心突发公共卫生事件应急管理实践

<正>《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》和《国家突发公共事件医疗卫生救援应急预案》相继颁布实施以来,全国各级疾病预防控制机构在卫生行政部门的领导下,认真贯彻落实国家卫生法律法规和条例,不断加强卫生防病应急体系建设,卫生防病应急工作已逐步纳入到法制化、科学化和规范化轨道,提高了突发公共卫生事件应急处理能力和管理水平。但随着经济发展和社会进步,进一步完善卫生应急管理,提高     

突发公共卫生事件应急条例

为有效预防、及时控制和消除突发公共卫生事件的危害 ,迫切需要建立统一、高效、权威的突发公共卫生事件应急处理机制 ,完善相应的法律法规。国务院依据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和有关法律的规定 ,在总结前阶段防治非典型肺炎工作经验教训的基础上 ,借鉴国外的有益做法 ,制定了《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》。《条例》的制定和实施 ,标志着我国应对突发公共卫生事件进一步纳入法制化轨道 ,也标志着我国处理突发公共卫生事件应急机制进一步完善。为此 ,本刊特刊发《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》 ,以飨广大读者。     

浅议突发公共卫生事件应急处理

为全面贯彻落实《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》(下称《条例》),加强突发公共卫生专业队伍建设,对于依法完善突发公共卫生事件应急处理机制、保证预防和处理突发公共卫生事件、保障人民群众身体健康与生命安全、维护社会稳定,具有重要现实意义。 1 提高依法处理突发公共卫生事件的意识 《条例》是在总结我国长期以来预防和处理突发公共卫生事件而颁布的一项具有鲜明时代特征的重要法规,它是今后预防和处理各类突发公共卫生事件的法律准绳。深刻认识颁布和实施《条例》的重大现实意义和深远历史意义,定期组织卫生专业人员深入学习《条例》,全面准确把握《条例》基本精神和     

症状监测在突发公共卫生事件早期预警中的应用

本世纪以来,美国炭疽生物恐怖事件、中国传染性非典型肺炎（SARS）流行、人感染高致病性禽流感的出现等公共卫生事件发生后,国内外很多学者都在致力于提高对公共卫生事件早期预警能力的研究。世界卫生组织（WHO）修订了《国际卫生条例》,建立了全球传染病突发预警和应对网络（the G lobaloutbreak A lert and Response Network,GOARN）[1]。中国新修订的《传染病防治法》和《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》都把建立传染病预警制度作为今后工作的重点之一。     

大榭港区突发公共卫生事件应急处置技术报告

为有效应对大榭港区突发公共卫生事件,降低和控制事件对人体、环境的危害,依据《国际卫生条例(2005)》、《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国境口岸突发公共卫生事件出入境检验检疫应急处理规     

卫生部出台全国卫生部门应急管理规范

为明确各级卫生行政部门和各级各类医疗卫生机构在突发公共卫生事件应对工作中的职责，建立健全突发公共卫生事件应急机制，依法、科学、规范、有序、高效地处置各类突发公共卫生事件，依据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》、《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》、《国家突发公共事件医疗卫生救援应急预案》等国家有关法律、法规、规章与预案，卫生部日前制定并出台了《全国卫牛部门卫生应急管理工作规范（试行）》。[第一段]     

卫生部：成立圈家突发公共卫生事件专家咨询委员会

近日，卫生部在北京成立了困家突发公共卫生事件专家咨询委员会。国家突发公共卫生事件专家裕询委员会足依据《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》、     

基层疾控机构应急机制的探索与实践

自2003年SARS疫情发生之后,突发公共卫生事件应急机制的建设受到全国各级政府和有关部门的高度观注。国家出台了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》以及相关法规，从宏观上建立起全国的应急体系框架，同时要求各地各部门建立应急体系、完善应急机制。疾控机构作为突发公共卫生事件应急处置的主力军，     

处理医疗侵权纠纷需要解决的几个认识问题

新《医疗事故处理条例》扩大了医疗事故的范围 ,采用了广义医疗事故之概念。对此 ,一部分人认为医疗侵权就是指医疗事故。其实 ,医疗事故是不等同于医疗侵权的 ,二者是两个不同的法律事实。在认定医疗侵权时应特别注意医疗侵权与医疗事故的区别 ,切忌受医疗事故概念的影响 ,用医疗事故的构成要件来分析判断医疗侵权 ,同时还要注意医疗侵权与“与医疗行为有关的侵权行为”的区别 ,以求达到正确认定医疗侵权 ,正确适用举证责任倒置的法律规定     

广州200名医学生对艾滋病及《艾滋病防治条例》认知度的调查

目的了解医学院在校学生对艾滋病防治相关知识及《艾滋病防治条例》的认知水平,为高校艾滋病健康教育工作提供依据。方法本次调查采用随机抽样的方法,对200名医学院学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果200名医学院学生艾滋病相关知识的知晓率为88.3%,对《艾滋病防治条例》相关知识知晓率为89.9%。对待艾滋病病人态度方面有一部分人存在着矛盾及恐惧心理,认为艾滋病病人应该隔离的有69人,占34.5%,愿意照顾艾滋病病人及其家属的56人,占28.0%。结论被调查对象对艾滋病防治的法律法规关注程度高,但对政府在国家层次采取的综合行动是取得艾滋病防治成功的手段认识不足。     

Resources-technologies relationship in public health

Analysis of the resources-technologies relationships brought the authors to two underlying conclusions: 1) a practical public health system is primarily a system of technological equipment and sufficient staff. A liberal public health system is primarily a system of medical and concomitant technologies based on the requirements of patients. 2) Management of a practical public health system is priority management of the form, namely, technological basis and staff members, or in fact administrative distribution of resources. Regulation of the activities of a liberal public health system is the priority modification of its content, i.e., creation and adaptation of technologies determining this system (including medical) evoked by certain requirements and largely by the market.     

Nutrition and health claims in practice

The European Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation ensures that any claims on European Union food labels are substantiated by robust scientific evidence; is this promoting innovation in the food industry and enabling consumers to make meaningful food choices? This paper provides an overview of the Regulation and some of the issues that have arisen since its implementation in 2007, with examples. It also discusses several European Commission‐funded projects that are underway, in particular BACCHUS (FP7/2007–2013; 312090: www.bacchus‐fp7.eu ) that is providing support to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises that are considering whether to use or apply for health claims.     

The EFSA health claims 'learning experience'

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recently highlighted the need to provide scientific requirements for health claims and to find new regulatory issues for healthy food products. For this reason, EFSA asked its Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) panel to draft additional guidelines on scientific assessment of these claims. A new approach for a strict substantiation of health issues in selected fields: the Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 established in fact that health claims applications should only be authorized after a high level of scientific validation conducted by EFSA using appropriate measures in this evaluation. The legislation should not only protect consumers but also define specific research areas with appropriate outcome measures to assess the quality, relevance and adequacy of studies conducted for scientific validation of health claims. The new system was not only a necessary support for consumers to make the correct choice of products, but rather a way for EFSA to demonstrate transparency of this new approach. This was the field of the pharmaceutical industry, this new regulation is, therefore, also for EFSA, an expensive learning process.     

《深圳经济特区控制吸烟条例》的社会接受度分析

目的了解大众对《深圳经济特区控制吸烟条例》（以下简称《条例》）的接受度。方法于《条例》实施一周后在深圳机场和深圳大学对３２２人进行记调查。结果７１％的人知道有《条例》；８４％的人表示有必要制定《条例》。但无人通读过《条例》；对《条例》各条款的知晓率由１５％～９４％参差不齐。认为《条例》与自己关系不大、无意关心其实行情况、无意制止违规行为的分别达３％、５８％和６１％，尤以大学生为甚（５９％、７１％、     

WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: third report of a WHO Study Group

This report presents the conclusions reached and recommendations made by the members of the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation at its fifth meeting, during which it reviewed two background papers specially commissioned for the meeting and which dealt, respectively, with the following two themes. 1. Devices designed for the purpose of nicotine delivery to the respiratory system in which tobacco is not necessary for their operation. 2. Setting regulatory limits for carcinogens in smokeless tobacco. The Study Group's recommendations in relation to each theme are set out at the end of the section dealing with that theme; its overall recommendations are summarized in section 4.     

深化卫生改革 规范医疗行为

该文从深圳市的实际出发,在总结医疗保险改革取得成绩的基础上,指出当前存在的问题,提出医保改革是一项社会系统工程,需要多方支持与合作,同时,要把医保改革与规范医疗行为和整顿医德医风结合起来,进一步深化卫生改革。     

《广州市控制吸烟条例》执行情况调查

目的了解《广州市控制吸烟条例》(以下称《条例》)实施半年后对居民健康行为的影响及各类场所执行情况。方法电话回访1200户居民,了解《条例》对居民健康行为的影响,通过分层抽样方法抽取10类工作场所及公共场所,对禁烟标识张贴、吸烟行为及吸烟痕迹等情况进行现场观察,并使用AM510便携式防爆智能数字粉尘仪进行30 min PM2.5的浓度测试。结果共调查1023名居民,对《条例》的知晓率为83.48%;43.70%的调查对象认为《条例》实施之后广州市公共场所的吸烟现象有所减少,吸烟者中主动减少吸烟量或尝试戒烟等有控烟意识烟民的比例则由43.23%上升为58.33%(χ2=10.69,P=0.001);仅有3.49%的观察点没有张贴禁烟标识,吸烟人数最多的是在食宿场所(61人);全市各类场所的PM2.5浓度中位数为54.00μg/m3,其中交通场所、健身场所和食宿场所高于无吸烟或烟头较少的其他场所(F=2.60,P=0.008)。结论《条例》对广州市控烟工作起到了一定的促进作用,居民控烟意识逐渐增强,社会支持环境逐步形成,但餐饮场所《条例》执行情况仍不理想,需要进一步对场所经营者及管理者开展宣传教育。     

Information gathering for CLP classification

Regulation 1272/2008 includes provisions for two types of classification: harmonised classification and self-classification. The harmonised classification of substances is decided at Community level and a list of harmonised classifications is included in the Annex VI of the classification, labelling and packaging Regulation (CLP). If a chemical substance is not included in the harmonised classification list it must be self-classified, based on available information, according to the requirements of Annex I of the CLP Regulation. CLP appoints that the harmonised classification will be performed for carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction substances (CMR substances) and for respiratory sensitisers category 1 and for other hazard classes on a case-by-case basis. The first step of classification is the gathering of available and relevant information. This paper presents the procedure for gathering information and to obtain data. The data quality is also discussed.