衢州市柯城区托幼机构儿童龋齿情况分析

<正>龋齿是牙齿硬组织在机体内外因素影响下,脱钙、崩解、造成牙齿缺损、破坏的一种慢性进行性疾病。龋病是一种常见的多发的口腔疾病,尤其在儿童和青少年中发病率很高,危害人类健康。为此,WHO已将龋病列为继心血管、癌症之后危害人类健康的三大疾病之一。其中,     

氟离子电导透入与氟化泡沫预防儿童龋齿效果分析

龋病(龋齿,俗称虫牙、蛀牙)是指牙组织在以细菌为主的多种因素影响下发生的慢性进行性破坏的疾病,是儿童常见疾病之一[1],发病率高,尤其是青少年和儿童发病率高,世界卫生组织列为三大重点防治疾病之一.患龋病除影响口腔健康外,还会影响儿童牙颌系统的生长发育,使健康素质下降.     

牙病防治与保健

口腔健康，作为全身健康的重要组成部分，已日益受到关注，世界卫生组织（WHO）指出口腔卫生标准为：牙齿清洁、无龋痛、无痛感、牙龈颜色正常、无出血现象。口腔疾病的防治重点是龋病与牙周病。这两种疾病患病最多，发病最广，对口腔健康影响大。龋病，是一种慢性感染性疾病。由于附着在牙齿上的菌斑未得到及时清除，菌斑中的细菌利用食物中的糖发酵产生酸，造成牙体表面硬组织脱矿，进而导致牙体缺损甚至缺失。严重龋齿可导致牙髓疾患，引起患者剧烈疼痛。因龋造成的牙体缺损或缺失使咀嚼功能降低，若是前牙，还影响美观。儿童乳牙龋齿…     

儿童龋病的预防保健及体会

目的通过对锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗蒙古族幼儿园3～6岁420名儿童进行调查,对其龋病发病率及相关因素进行统计,实施预防保健,达到对儿童牙齿的保健目的。方法应用一次性口镜在自然光下进行儿童口腔检查及口腔健康与口腔卫生的问卷调查（包括刷牙习惯、饮食习惯及牙齿治疗经过）,进行记录整理。找出儿童龋病发病因素,制订具有针对性的龋病预防保健方案。结果经过调查及统计,找出了儿童龋病的发病因素及易患龋病的牙齿位置。结论通过对儿童龋病的调查及针对性预防保健,可以达到预防儿童龋病,保健儿童牙齿的目的。     

口腔龋病诊断与鉴别

我国达到牙齿健康标准的人口不足1％,其中龋病是人类常见病之一,患病率呈上升状态,事实上在对人体健康影响很大.龋病是在以细菌为主的多种因素的作用下,牙齿的无机物脱矿,有机物分解,使牙齿的硬物组织崩解而发生的一种慢性、进行性、破坏性的疾病.     

学龄前儿童龋病调查

龋病是牙齿在机体内外环境因素的影响下,牙齿的牙釉质、牙本质或牙骨质等组织破坏和脱落的一种疾病,发病率高,是近代人类最常见的疾病之一.被世界卫生组织认定为除心血管病、恶性肿瘤以外的第三大疾病.     

氟离子透入预防儿童龋病的效果观察

牙齿对人类的健康发育起着重要作用,而龋病是一种危害人类牙齿健康的多发病,在儿童时期尤为严重。WHO将龋病列为仅次于心血管病和肿瘤的第三位重要疾病来加以预防。预防龋病也是儿童保健工作的一项重要任务。近年来,国内外有采用氟离子透入防龋的报道,为了观察透入防龋的临床效果及最佳次数,为今后在儿童中     

几种应该及时就诊的口腔疾病

1 龋病龋病是常见的牙齿硬组织进行性破坏疾病,也是引起牙髓病、根尖周病,最终导致牙齿缺失的主要原因。当前,在积极预防龋病的同时,及早发现,及早治疗龋病,有效阻止其向牙髓根尖周病发展,对保留健康牙体组织、防止牙齿过早缺失,仍有积极意义。     

2107名学龄前期儿童龋病患病率调查

龋病是发生在牙齿硬组织上的慢性细菌性渐进性疾病，造成牙齿硬组织的颜色、形态、质地的改变，是口腔的常见病，世界卫生组织已将其与肿瘤和心血管疾病并列为人类三大重点防治疾病。为了解儿童龋病发病情况，做好龋病的预防工作，笔者于2006年10月对宁波市海曙区幼儿园入园儿童的龋病情况进行调查和分析，现将结果报告如下。     

2107名学龄前期儿童龋病患病率调查

龋病是发生在牙齿硬组织上的慢性细菌性渐进性疾病,造成牙齿硬组织的颜色、形态、质地的改变[1],是口腔的常见病,世界卫生组织已将其与肿瘤和心血管疾病并列为人类三大重点防治疾病.为了解儿童龋病发病情况,做好龋病的预防工作,笔者于2006年10月对宁波市海曙区幼儿园入园儿童的龋病情况进行调查和分析,现将结果报告如下.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.