县级疾病预防控制中心主任岗位胜任力构建与应用

胜任力分析以岗位需求为基础,从发掘深层次特征入手来考察个体素质,为卫生人力资源管理提供了新的理念和视角。本文以县级疾病预防控制中心主任这一岗位入手,探讨基于胜任力的人力资源管理在疾病预防控制机构的应用。通过行为事件访谈和核检表调查,构建了县级疾病预防控制中心主任岗位胜任力模型,包括五项鉴别胜任特征和十二项基准胜任特征,并对其在人员甄选、评价、培训等方面的应用策略进行了探讨。     

胜任力模型在医院人力资源管理中的应用

胜任力模型是当前人力资源管理研究中的热点问题之一,是对传统的人力资源管理思想与方法的重要补充。胜任力模型作为一种人力资源分析评价方法,已逐渐成为人力资源管理体系的核心和基础。通过研究胜任力模型在医院人力资源管理中的应用,介绍了胜任力模型的概念,胜任力模型在医院人力资源管理中应用及其优点,应注意的问题。     

胜任力在临床医师管理中的应用

医学人才是医院发展的源泉，医学人才的紧缺成为医院发展的瓶颈。目前，医学人才选拔、培养、考核、评价方法还不够完善，存在人力资源浪费现象。本文针对目前管理领域中有关胜任力的理论及胜任力在临床医师管理中的应用进行了探讨，阐述了基于胜任力的人力资源管理与传统管理的区别以及优势。特别是对基于胜任力的管理在临床医师工作分析、甄选、培训开发、绩效评估方面进行了详细分析，提出运用胜任力来进行医院人力资源管理的方法。     

基于冰山模型的医院人力资源管理者胜任力探讨

人力资源管理是医院现代管理的重要组成部分,在医院人力资源管理中担任重要角色的管理者,其具备的工作胜任力将直接影响医院的人力资源管理质量和目标。文章基于冰山模型来探讨医院人力资源管理者的胜任力,分析影响人力资源管理者胜任力的诸多因素,并提出提升医院人力资源管理者胜任力的具体途径。     

护士长胜任力模型构建：三级医院与二级医院的比较

护士长对医院护理工作质量以及护理队伍管理起着承上启下的重要作用，怎样甄选出优秀的护士长成为医院人力资源管理的一个重要课题，基于胜任力的人力资源管理为护士长评选提供了一个崭新的视角。     

胜任特征模型 护理管理研究的新方法

胜任特征理论是当代心理学、教育学、人力资源管理等学科领域的研究热点之一，其兴起与发展为护理管理研究提供了新的方法和视角。本研究分析及构思了护理人员岗位胜任力模型的建立及意义，力求从理论上为学校培养和医院甄选护士提供理论依据。     

胜任力模型在卫生机构人力资源管理中的应用初探

胜任力模型是一种新型的人力资源分析评价方法,已逐渐成为人力资源管理体系的核心和基础。目前胜任力研究在卫生机构人力资源管理中仍较为少见。文章介绍了胜任力模型的概念,指出胜任力模型在卫生人力资源管理中实施的必要性以及构建的步骤,并分析存在的问题。     

胜任力理论在医院人力资源管理中的应用

胜任力模型理论是近年来国内外人力资源管理领域的研究热点,是一种新型的人力资源分析评价方法。医院要发展,人才是关键。文章在总结相关研究的基础上,对胜任力理论在医院人力资源管理中的应用进行了探讨。     

基于胜任力理念的临床医师人力资源管理初探

摘要:临床医师是实现医院目标的重要群体,是医院管理的重要资源。由于其成长的漫长与系统性、专业的精细与复杂性,现阶段医院人力资源管理对临床医师绩效与素质的考评,具有评价指标不明确和不连贯的局限性。以应用实践为落脚点,引入胜任力理念为宏观导向的临床医师人力资源管理,结合胜任力理论的定义、特征与分类,强调资源动态管理的过程,依赖医院信息化平台,科学选择一、二级指标,构建全面综合的临床医师胜任力评价网状体系。真正发挥评价的诊断、导向、激励和鉴定功能,匹配医院资源与医师发展规划,针对招聘、晋升、考核和培训等人力资源管理内容特点,甄选关键指标。平衡医师群体“质”和“量”双层面的控制,实现培养与考核的相统一,实现个人发展与医院管理相统一,做到优化提升的可持续发展循环,做到人力资源的深入开发与管理,这也是现代医院管理理念与运用的有效补充,也是传统人事管理希望增强功能的着眼点。     

科主任胜任力模型与绩效关系研究

近年来,胜任力模型成为了人力资源管理领域研究的热点,而关于医院临床科主任胜任力的研究则极为少见。本研究采用行为事件访谈(BEI)、问卷调查、数据分析等技术,构建了医院临床科主任胜任力模型,并对医院临床科主任胜任力与绩效关系进行了实证研究,研究结果表明:①医院临床科主任胜任力模型包括4维度12项胜任力;②不同胜任力对绩效维度的预测效应不同,成就导向、业务能力、人才培养是任务绩效的有效预测指标,而人才培养、沟通协调、关系建立则更多的影响关系绩效。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.