食管癌及其癌前病变患者血清唾液酸水平及意义

本文检测了67例食管癌、43例食管上皮重度增生,39例轻度增生,43例正常及38例良性疾病患者血清唾液酸水平。统计分析的结果表明,食管癌与其它各组的差异;重度增生(下称重增)、轻度增生(下称轻增)、良性疾病与正常的差异;重增与良性疾病的差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01)。重增与轻增的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。表明血清唾液酸在食管癌患者中升高,并在癌前病变时即可出现。     

血清总唾液酸在食管癌早诊中的研究

 目的：探讨血清总唾液酸对食管癌早诊的作用。方法：采用化学比色法对我国食管癌高发区之一—磁县1510例普查人群的血清总唾液酸(TSA)分析研究。结果：高发人群血清TSA含量随食管上皮细胞增生加重逐渐增加。方差分析显示食管癌、近癌、重增Ⅱ与重增Ⅰ、轻增、正常人群血清TSA含量具有显著性差异(P<0.01),食管各级病变血清TSA含量两两比较的q检验结果表明：在食管上皮细胞重增Ⅱ时TSA含量与正常人群就有显著性差异(P<0.01),而重增Ⅰ、轻增和正常人群TSA无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论：提示血清TSA含量可作为一种食管癌早诊指标用于人群筛查工作。     

食管癌前病变——上皮重度增生的流行病学研究

在我国食管癌高发区林县,对经食管细胞学确诊的969例30岁以上成年人,按细胞学诊断正常、轻增、重增分为三组,进行了五年前瞻性观察。结果表明,轻增组发生食管癌的相对危险度(RR)为1.5(P>0.05),重增组为5.1(P<0.001);食管上皮增生特别是重度增生阶段是癌前期病变,是可逆的。对132例重增患者进行的病例对照配对调查结果提示,饮用地下水,以玉米为主食,食用霉变粮食、小米糠、柿糠,吸烟以及食管癌家族史等可增加食管上皮重度增生的危险,同时亦证明,这些危险因素有协同作用。而多吃新鲜蔬菜、肉、蛋及油类等则是一种保护性因素。     

血清总唾液酸在食管癌早诊中的研究

目的：探讨血清总唾液酸对食管癌早诊的作用。方法：采用化学比色法对我国食管癌高发区之一—磁县１５１０例普查人群的血清总唾液酸（ＴＳＡ）分析研究。结果：高发人群血清ＴＳＡ含量随食管上皮细胞增生加重逐渐增加。方差分析显示食管癌、近癌、重增Ⅱ与重增Ⅰ、轻增、正常人群血清ＴＳＡ含量具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１），食管各级病变血清ＴＳＡ含量两两比较的ｑ检验结果表明：在食管上皮细胞重增Ⅱ时ＴＳＡ含量与正常人群就有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１），而重增Ⅰ、轻增和正常人群ＴＳＡ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：提示血清ＴＳＡ含量可作为一种食管癌早诊指标用于人群筛查工作     

731例食管上皮增生自然转归随访分析

 为了研究食管上皮增生的演变及其与食管癌的关系，对1973年食管细胞学普查发现为食管上皮增生的731例病人进行了随访复查．结果表明，重度增生癌变率为14.57%(22/151)；中度增生癌变率为6.52%(3/46)；轻度增生癌变率为5.81%(31/534)．重增癌变率和轻增癌变率相比，有有一显著差异(P＜0.01)．拉网复查的233人中，经由轻度增生，重度增生、癌发展的56人，占24%；稳定未变的93人夕占39.9%；由重增回转为轻增者18人．由重增、中增、轻增回转为正常者81人，回转率为34.7%在影响食管上皮癌变的诸因素中夕以长期消化道慢性病史与食管上皮增生癌变关系最为密切(P＜0.0l)．这说明，增生程度越重，癌变比例越大夕间隔时间越短，食管癌是由食管上皮增生演变而来，食管上皮重增是食管癌的癌前病变．预防食管癌应注重防治食管上皮增生和慢性消化道疾病．     

食管癌患者血清中巨噬细胞抑制因子1水平检测的意义

目的 研究巨噬细胞抑制因子-1(MIC-1)在食管癌患者血清中的浓度及其临床应用价值.方法 采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测141例食管癌和3例食管良性疾病患者及200例正常对照人群血清MIC-1浓度,采用电化学发光免疫分析仪检测上述血清标本中CA19-9、CEA浓度.结果 食管癌组MIC-1浓度显著高于正常对照组(P<...     

食管癌前病变:食管上皮增生及有关因素的前瞻性研究

在食管癌高发区林县,对经食管细胞学诊断的294例重度增生,328例轻度增生和336例正常对照者,结合有关因素进行了11年前瞻性研究。结果表明,轻增组和正常组之间食管癌发病无差异,重增组暴露人年发病率为1178.92/10万,是正常对照组的2.39倍,差异非常显著(X~2=8.92,P<0.01)。无论重增、轻增患者或正常对照人群,凡饮用浅层地下水源、吸烟以及家庭经济收入较低者,其食管癌发病危险性明显增加。提示在积极治疗重度增生同时,宜实施综合性预防措施,改善饮水、生活条件和不良生活习惯等。     

食管癌患者外周血补体抑制水平的检测

采用一种灵敏的补体溶血抑制实验，测定了51例食管病变及37例健康人血清中的补体抑制水平。结果显示，正常对照组与食管良性病变组之间，血清补体抑制水平差异不显著；食管癌组的补体抑制水平明显高于健康人及食管良性病变组；同正常组比较，不同病期食管癌患者血清补体抑制率均明显升高。因此认为，血清中补体抑制水平的升高，有可能是肿瘤病人产生免疫抑制的原因之一。     

食管癌前增生营养阻断研究初步报告

1988年8月起在食管癌高发区鹤壁市郊居民中,采用随机分组双盲对照,对1006名食管轻,重度增生患者进行复合核黄素营养干预研究。在服药15个月后进行了第1次食管细胞学复查。初步结果显示,轻增患者疗效不明显;实验组重度增生好转率略高于对照组,进展率略低于对照组,实验组重增癌变率较对照组减少77.2％(P<0.05)。说明复合核黄素对食管上皮重度增生癌变的抑制作用明显。对重度增生的治疗(逆转)作用也是存在的。     

卵巢肿瘤和瘤样病变患者腹腔液和血清铁蛋白测定及临床意义

目的 检测卵巢肿瘤和瘤样病变患者腹腔液铁蛋白含量,同时检测血清铁蛋白浓度。方法 利用腹腔镜手术之机,获取各类卵巢肿瘤和瘤样病变患者腹腔液42例,盆腔无明显异常的对照标本20例。腹腔穿刺抽取卵巢恶性肿瘤腹水21例。结果 良性组血清铁蛋白与对照组比较差异不显著,而其腹腔液铁蛋白与对照组比较差异十分显著(P<0.001);恶性组血清和腹腔液铁蛋白与对照组和良性组比较有十分显著差异(P<0.001)。良性组血清铁蛋白阳性率为14.3％,恶性组为80.9％。各组腹腔液铁蛋白均高于其血清铁蛋白。配对t检验显示恶性组两液铁蛋白比较差异不显著,而良性组和正常组差异有显著性。结论 检测血清和腹腔液铁蛋白含量,对鉴别卵巢良恶性疾患有一定参考价值。     

脂质过氧化与食管癌发病关系的研究

本文用硫代巴比妥酸荧光法测定了122例食管癌前各期人群及食管癌宿主血清中的过氧化脂质(Lipoperoxide,Lpo)含量。结果显示,随食管上皮细胞病变的进展,机体Lpo水平明显升高。癌症组与癌前增生组和正常组比较,差异非常显著,但癌前增生组与正常组间差异无显著性,提示脂质过氧化水平的升高可能是食管癌发生后的伴行改变,其机制尚待探讨。     

食管黏膜不同病变阶段患者血清Ep-CAM水平及临床意义

目的探讨上皮细胞黏附分子（Ep-CAM）在食管癌、食管黏膜不典型增生患者血清中的表达水平及意义。方法应用酶联免疫（ELISA）的方法，检测正常对照人群、食管黏膜不典型增生、食管癌患者血清中Ep-CAM的表达水平。结果p-CAM在正常对照、食管黏膜不典型增生、食管癌患者血清中的水平呈梯度升高，P〈0.01；中、重度不典型增生患者血清中的Ep-CAM表达水平明显高于轻度组，P=0.036；Ep-CAM表达水平与食管癌的转移明显相关，P〈0.001，且在手术前后表达水平明显降低，P〈0.001。结论患者血清中Ep-CAM表达水平的变化出现在食管黏膜病变的早期阶段，其表达与食管癌的发生发展明显相关，可作为疾病监测的特异指标。     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Pi同功酶对消化道肿瘤诊断意义的再探讨

采用双抗夹心ELISA检测了113例正常人、485例消化道恶性肿瘤、80例消化系外肿瘤和368例相应器管的非癌疾病患血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Pi同功酶(GSTPi)含量。结果恶性肿瘤患血清GSTPi较正常人非癌疾病组显增高(P<0．001)，GSTPi作为肿瘤标志物不具有器官特异性，但对鉴别同一器官疾病的良、恶性具有辅助诊断价值。肝癌患癌细胞分化程度愈高,病程愈晚,血清GSTPi升高愈显。从胃粘膜癌前病变到早期胃癌、晚期胃癌，血清GSTPi逐步增高，说明血清GSTPi测定对癌前病变的监测可能有用。     

食管癌变过程中p53表达及其与细胞凋亡水平的关系

[目的]探讨食管癌变过程中食管鳞状上皮p53表达情况及其与凋亡水平的关系。[方法]824例食管黏膜活检组织（包括正常黏膜、异型增生和鳞癌）,行DNA末端标记（TUNEL法）检测及p53免疫组化检查。[结果]①轻—中度不典型增生组p53表达阳性率高于正常及炎症组和良性增生组（P=0.003）,低于重度不典型增生/鳞癌组（P=0.036）;良性增生组与轻—中度不典型增生组间无明显差异（P=0.192）;②正常及炎症组和良性增生组随年龄增长p53表达呈上升趋势（P〈0.01）;轻中—度不典型增生组及重度不典型增生组各年龄组间差异不明显;③随着p53表达的增加,上皮颗粒层细胞凋亡指数（AI）逐步下降（χ2=87.266,P=0.000）,基底层AI呈轻度增加趋势（χ2=34.253,P=0.000）。[结论]食管癌变过程中伴有p53基因的突变和颗粒层细胞凋亡水平的下降,且两者关系密切。     

Binding of serum prostate antigen to concanavalin A in patients with cancer or hyperplasia of the prostate

The percentage of nonglycosylated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was measured in the serum of 15 prostate cancer patients and 15 patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate. The larger part of serum PSA in both groups was glycosylated, but while in carcinoma of the prostate the mean percentage of nonglycosylated PSA was 38.4 +/- 6.5, in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) only a mean of 14.2 +/- 4.3% of the PSA was nonglycosylated. These significantly higher results (p less than 0.001) suggest a different pattern of release of PSA from cancer cells and from hyperplastic or normal cells. Since in a part of the BPH we encounter elevations of PSA similar to the levels found in neoplasms, the degree of concanavalin A binding can provide an additional means in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.     

Labeling index and labeling distribution of cells in esophageal epithelium of individuals at increased risk for esophageal cancer in Huixian, China

The pattern of proliferation of epithelial cells in esophageal epithelium was studied by means of [3H]deoxythymidine labeling of esophageal epithelium in subjects from Huixian, Henan Province, China, a high-risk geographical region for esophageal cancer. Comparisons were made among patterns of cell proliferation observed in normal esophagus, in hyperplasia, in mild dysplasia, and in moderate dysplasia in a total of 118 subjects. The amount of cell proliferation observed was lowest in normal esophageal epithelium and increased progressively in subjects having hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and moderate dysplasia. The location of proliferating cells was limited mainly to the base of the esophageal epithelium in normal esophagus, but expanded toward the surface of the esophageal lining in individuals with hyperplasia and dysplasia. The larger total numbers of proliferating cells in the esophageal epithelium and the progressive expansion of the proliferative compartment toward the epithelial surface found in hyperplasia and in dysplasia could both facilitate the screening of subjects for esophageal cancer risk and serve as intermediate biomarkers in prophylactic dietary or pharmacological intervention studies.     

癌胚抗原及铁蛋白联合测定在胃癌诊断中的价值

本文用放射免疫法测定58例胃癌、43例胃起性疾病、24例食管癌患者及158例健康成人血清与胃液中的CEA及Ft。结果表明,胃癌患者血清CEA水平高于正常对照组,P<0.01,但与胃良性疾病及食管癌纽问的差异不明显;胃癌患者血清Ft水平低于各对照组,P<0.01;胃癌患者的胃液CEA及Ft水平均高于各对照组,P<0.01。54例胃癌患者联合测定了血清CEA、胃液CEA及胃液Ft,胃癌胃液中的CEA、Ft双项阳性28例,敏感性为51.85％、特异性为99.04％、阳性诊断价值为96.55％。由此提示,胃液CEA及Ft联合测定有助于胃癌的诊断。     

Five tumor markers in lung cancer: significance of total and "lipid"-bound sialic acid.

Total sialic acid (TSA) and "lipid-bound" sialic acid (LSA) were evaluated in comparison to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in 152 untreated patients with primary lung cancer, 107 benign pulmonary disease patients and 207 notmal controls. The mean concentrations of TSA, LSA and CEA in lung cancer patients, were significantly higher than in benign and normal controls (p less than 0.001), while the mean ferritin and NSE levels were significantly higher than in normal controls only (p less than 0.001). At the designated cut-off serum levels, sensitivities of the five markers for lung cancer were in decreasing order: TSA 86.5% (greater than 80 mg/dL), LSA 77% (greater than 20 mg/dL), CEA 46.4% (greater than 5 ng/mL), ferritin 36% (greater than 300 ng/mL) and NSE 34.5% (greater than 12.5 ng/mL). Using the benign pulmonary values as negative controls the specificity of each marker was as follows: CEA 88%, ferritin 72%, NSE 58%, TSA 44% and LSA 44%. In small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, NSE mean concentrations and sensitivity were significantly higher than in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (9.63 +/- 4.4 versus 23.54 +/- 16.9, p less than 0.001 and 74% versus 21.4% respectively). While in NSCLC patients only CEA levels correlated well with the stage of the disease, in SCLC patients concentrations of TSA, LSA and ferritin were significantly higher in extensive than in limited disease stages. These preliminary data suggest that, although TSA and LSA are highly sensitive markers in lung cancer, their specificity is low.     

Significance of ferritin as a marker in head and neck malignancies

The efficiency of the combination of two tumor-associated antigens in recognising head and neck cancer was evaluated. The markers studied were CEA and ferritin by radioimmunoassay. CEA was estimated in 22 controls and 41 head and neck cancer patients. There was no difference in CEA values of controls and head and neck cancer patients, suggesting that CEA was not specific for head and neck malignancies. We measured serum ferritin in 27 controls and 58 patients with head and neck cancer. The mean ferritin level was significantly higher in patients (P less than 0.001) than in normal subjects. The ferritin level in patients with no evidence of clinical disease 8 months after treatment showed approximately normal levels, whereas the levels showed a tendency to increase or remain at high levels in patients with a poor prognosis, giving support to the contention that ferritin may prove to be a valuable adjunct in head and neck cancer.     

胃癌患者血清补体C3a的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨血清补体C3a的检测对胃癌诊治的临床价值。方法用酶联免疫吸附法检测胃癌、大肠癌、食管癌以及胃良性疾病患者和健康人的血清补体C3a水平。结果胃癌患者血清补体C3a水平明显高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。胃良性疾病患者、大肠癌、食管癌组血清补体C3a水平与健康人比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。胃癌患者手术后血清补体C3a水平明显下降。结论血清补体C3a检测对胃癌的辅助诊断、监测疗效、判断预后具有一定的临床应用价值,可能成为一种新的胃癌肿瘤标志物。