食管平滑肌瘤10例临床治疗体会

我院１９７５年６月～１９９０年７月共收治食管平滑肌瘤１０例，占同期食管肿瘤总数的０．１９２％（１０／１０９２）。位于食管上段２例，中段５例，下段３例。Ｘ线食管钡餐造影是诊断本病的主要方法。行食管粘膜外肿瘤摘除９例，食管部分切除１例，效果良好。本文就其诊断与手术治疗进行了讨论。     

仙人掌原毒性的初步研究

背景与目的:研究仙人掌原液的毒性。材料与方法:小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。结果:仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g／kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论:在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

仙人掌原液毒性的初步研究

背景与目的： 研究仙人掌原液的毒性。 材料与方法： 小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。 结果： 仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g/kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论： 在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

Assessment of the degree of carcinogenicity of small doses of nitrites

Chronic experiments on CBA and C57B1 mice and acute experiments on CBA mice established: (a) carcinogenic effect of sodium nitrite given continuously with drinking water (0.1; 1.0 and 10.0 maximum allowable concentration) in combination with morpholine fed with bread, and (b) endogenous synthesis of nitrosomorpholine as a result of simultaneous intragastric administration of same doses of sodium nitrite and morpholine. Also, nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosodimethylamine synthesis was observed in vitro following addition of low-dose sodium nitrite, morpholine and amidopyrine to human gastric juice. Carcinogenic hazard associated with low-dose nitrite consumption in humans is discussed.     

胰头癌手术切除可能性的术前评价

目的通过总结胰头癌病人的临床表现和影象学检查结果来评价手术切除的可能性。方法总结32例胰头癌病人的临床表现和CT、磁共振（MRI）检查结果,判断肿瘤是否已发生邻近浸润或远处转移,以此来评价其手术切除的可能性。结果在22例作CT检查的病例中,判断正确的为17例,准确率为77．3%。作MR检查9例,全部判断正确,准确率为100%。结论某些特殊的临床表现和CT、MR检查对判断肿瘤是否发生邻近浸润或转移有较大价值,为术前评价手术切除的可能性提供依据。     

食管贲门癌切除术黏膜层单层吻合法疗效分析

目的探讨食管、胃及空肠黏膜单层吻合法预防吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及返流性食管炎的效果.方法 1996年3月～2002年8月手术治疗食管癌235例,贲门癌195例,采用食管-胃及空肠黏膜延长、黏膜单层缝合法.结果术后10 d X线吞钡照片示钡剂通过顺畅,吻合口直径1.5～2 cm.术后随访1年,吞咽顺利,未见吻合口狭窄.结论该术式吻合口径宽,对预防吻合口瘘、狭窄及返流性食管炎效果显著,是食管及胃肠吻合较为理想的方法.     

少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的X线影像分析

目的统计分析一组少见部位骨巨细胞瘤的Ｘ线影像表现,对易与之混淆的４种骨病提出鉴别诊断,以加深认识。方法搜集经手术、病理证实的少见部位骨巨细胞瘤４８例Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和动脉造影片资料进行回顾性分析。结果表现为囊状膨胀性骨质破坏３０例,且内多有肥皂泡沫状表现;溶骨性骨质破坏１０例;骨外有软组织肿块,骨塌陷变扁伴局部膨出４例;侵犯邻骨４例;骨质增生硬化３例;异常血管及“肿瘤染色”３例。结论Ｘ线平片对少见部位骨巨细胞瘤诊断具有重要价值,ＣＴ优于平片,动脉造影有助于诊断与制定治疗方案。     

12例子宫颈残端癌治疗分析

目的：探讨子宫颈残喘癌的预防和治疗。方法：1986年5月到1992年7月，我院共收治经病理证实的子宫颈残端癌12例。所有病人均在外院接受过子宫次全切除术。Ⅰ期2例，Ⅱ期4例，Ⅲ期6例。根据期别、组织学类型、解剖特点，治疗采用单纯手术，手术加放疗；单纯放疗、体外加后装腔内放疗；放疗加化疗。结果：全组7例存活，存活率58.3％，5例死亡中4例死于肿瘤，1例第8年死于其它疾病。结论：子宫颈残端癌预防的关键在于子宫次全切除前宫颈细胞学或病理证实无病变，术后严密随诊。治疗方法主要是放射治疗，部分全盆大野，盆腔四野加个体化后装腔内治疗。     

The results of treatment of perineal recurrence of cancer of the rectum.

A study of 36 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum recurrent in the perineum after Miles abdominoperineal resection defined a subgroup of 21 patients in whom curative re-excision of the perineum, with or without associated resection of viscera as warranted by operative findings, was performed. Recurrence without palpable disease was disclosed microscopically in seven patients (33%). None of the 21 patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of dissemination at the time of re-excision. Mortality and morbidity were low and yield in terms of pain control was excellent. Results achieved in patients treated with pre- and/or postoperative radiotherapy did not differ quantitatively or qualitatively from those treated by operation alone. Survival free of disease proved to be disappointing and underlines at present the palliative nature of this approach when the primary operation has been an adequate standard abdominoperineal operation. This report provides further evidence as to the value of the better definition of high risk primary rectal cancers and the need for continuing refinement of the follow-up and retreatment process.     

Am Autopsy Study of Some Routes of Dissemination of Cancer of the Breast

Autopsy records based on 647 primary carcinomata of the breast provided the data to describe a few possible routes of dissemination of cancer of the breast. Calculations were made to test whether the hypothesis of a multistep dissemination of the tumour from the primary site was likely. A multistep dissemination means that the presence of metastases at peripheral sites is influenced by the presence of the tumour in 3 organs, i.e. lungs, liver and bones, very often seeded by the primary cancer.     

12例原发骨恶性淋巴瘤临床诊治分析

目的：探讨原发骨恶性淋巴瘤（PLB）的临床特征和适宜的治疗方法。方法：对安徽医科大学附属省立医院经病理确诊为原发性骨淋巴瘤的12例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中5例放化综合治疗,3例单纯化疗,2例单纯手术切除,单纯放疗和未治疗各1例。结果：12例患者中,8例生存1年以上,其中7例生存均超过2年,有3例超过5年。1年生存率75%,5年生存率25%。结论：原发性骨淋巴瘤临床少见,确诊有赖于病理证实。治疗以放化疗综合治疗为宜。     

Result of radiation therapy of carcinoma of the nasopharynx: an analysis of the patterns of relapse

From 1965 through 1985, 85 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were irradiated with curative intent at the Department of Radiation Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. The observed 5-year survival rate was found to be 34%. Local recurrence was observed in 15 cases, regional lymph node recurrence in 10 cases, local and regional lymph node recurrence in 2 cases and distant metastases in 24 cases. Most manifestations of recurrence appeared within 2 years after treatment. Local recurrence was often observed in the base of skull in patients in advanced stages of their disease (T 3-4). The likelihood of a distant metastasis was stronger in patients with a bilateral neck nodes metastases and/or a lower neck metastases.     

胆囊癌29例分析

目的探索胆囊癌的防治方法。方法分析29例胆囊癌病人临床资料、治疗方法及结果。结果术前诊断明确者21例，剖腹探查发现已属晚期，9例为Ⅳ期行根治术，12例为Ⅴ期未行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡。术前怀疑胆囊癌者5例，剖腹探查冰冻切片证实为Ⅴ期及Ⅳ期者各1例，Ⅴ期未行根治术，Ⅳ期行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡；Ⅲ期者3例，行胆囊癌根治术分别于术后10月、13月、17月死亡。2例术中冰冻切片发现的Ⅱ期胆囊癌，行胆囊癌根治术，分别于术后23月、26月死亡。1例意外胆囊癌属Ⅰ期胆囊癌，术后5年半死亡。结论要减少胆囊癌危害，重在及时治疗胆囊结石。