多西他赛联合顺铂同期放化疗治疗食管癌术后复发转移的临床观察

目的:观察多西他赛加顺铂化疗配合放疗治疗食管癌术后复发转移的近期疗效及毒副反应.方法:化疗方案:多西他赛75 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1;顺铂80 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d3,3周重复;总化疗105个周期,平均每例2.5个周期.放疗方法:采用针对转移灶小野照射,中位总剂量60 Gy/(30次·6周).放疗于第1个周期化疗结束后第2天进行.结果:42例术后复发转移食管鳞癌患者,应用化疗加放疗治疗后,CR 11例(26.2%),PR 22例(52.4%),NC 6例(14.3%),PD 3例(7.1%),总有效率(CR PR)为78.6%.中位缓解期7.3个月,中位生存期14.8个月,半年、1年的生存率分别为89.6%和67.1%.主要剂量限制性毒副反应为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级白细胞下降(42.9%)和放射性气管炎(36.1%).结论:多西他赛加顺铂化疗配合放疗治疗食管癌术后复发转移的毒副反应轻,患者能够耐受,近期疗效可靠,值得临床进一步研究.     

紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的:评价紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:42例晚期食管癌患者接受紫杉醇脂质体(每周135mg/m2)联合奈达铂(每周80mg/m2)治疗,21d为1个化疗周期。所有患者均至少接受2个周期的化疗,每2个周期评价近期疗效和不良反应。随访生存情况,采用意向性治疗分析。结果:42例患者中有41例可评价近期疗效,其中完全缓解1例(2.4%),部分缓解16例(38.1%),稳定14例(33.3%),疾病进展10例(23.8%),总有效率为40.5%(17/42)。18例初治患者的总有效率为55.6%,24例复治患者的总有效率为29.2%。1年总生存率为42.6%,中位无进展时间为6.3个月,中位总生存时间为11.3个月。常见的不良反应主要为血液学不良反应,7例患者发生3～4度中性粒细胞减少,4例患者发生3度血小板减少。3～4度呕吐发生率为7.3%(3/41),无化疗相关性死亡病例。结论:紫杉醇脂质体联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌疗效确切,不良反应较轻,值得在临床上对此开展进一步的研究。     

中晚期食管癌三维适形放疗联合同期化疗的临床观察

目的:观察三维适形放疗联合同期化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的毒副反应与临床疗效.方法:62例符合入组条件的中晚期食管癌患者接受三维适形放疗及同期化疗.放疗处方剂量60 Gy/30次,化疗选择LFP方案,观察患者的治疗完成情况、放化疗毒副反应及临床疗效.结果:1)61例患者如期完成放疗,化疗完成≥3个周期者29例,完成2个周期者18例,仅完成1个周期者15例.2)治疗的急性毒性反应主要为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,其中胃肠道反应总发生率为79.03%(49/62),白细胞减少总发生率为80.65%(50/62),急性放射性食管炎总发生率为80.65%(50/62),其中以1级和2级占88.00%(44/50).急性放射性肺炎的总发生率为38.71%(24/62),其中1级占54.17%(13/24).3)全组患者1、2和3年局控率分别为89.97%、70.66%和70.66%,1、2和3年生存率分别为88.33%、55.78%和52.68%,中位生存期28个月.GTV最大横径≤4 cm组与>4 cm组1、2和3年生存率分别为96.88%、74.27%、68.08%和78.57%、34.83%、34.83%,x2=7.48,P=0.006 2.结论:三维适形放疗联合LFP方案同期治疗中晚期食管癌具有可行性,多数患者能耐受,该种治疗模式初步取得了较满意的局控率及生存率,临床疗效有提高的趋势,远处转移的控制未见改善.     

调强放射治疗联合同步化疗治疗食管癌37例临床分析

[目的]观察调强放射治疗联合紫杉醇、顺铂化疗治疗食管癌的临床疗效与不良反应。[方法]37例经病理证实的食管癌患者行调强放射治疗,放疗的第1d联合紫杉醇、顺铂同步化疗。随访观察近远期疗效。[结果]全组完全缓解率81.1%,部分缓解率16.2%,总有效率为97.3%。中位生存时间为23.3个月,1、2、3年局部控制率和生存率分别为86.5%、48.6%、35.1%和86.5%、46.0%、29.7%。[结论]调强放射治疗联合紫杉醇顺铂化疗治疗食管癌局部控制率和生存率较高。     

拓僖联合顺铂治疗晚期食管鳞癌的临床观察

目的观察拓僖(HCPT)联合顺铂(DDP)治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法 30例晚期食管癌患者应用HCPT 4.68～7.04 mg/m2(中位剂量为5.6 mg/m2),静脉滴注,连续3 d;DDP 58.5～100 mg/m2(中位剂量为70 mg/m2),第1天,静脉滴注;21 d为一周期,至少治疗2个周期.结果全组共完成化疗101个周期,中位化疗周期4个周期.28例可评价患者的有效率为42.9%(12/28),CR 1例,PR 11例,SD 11例,PD 5例.主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,其他毒副反应包括恶心、呕吐,腹泻,一过性肝、肾功能轻度损害.无心、肺毒副反应发生.Ⅲ/Ⅳ度白细胞下降、恶心呕吐、血小板下降、腹泻发生率分别为28.7 %、21.8%、13.9%和2.0%.结论拓僖联合顺铂治疗食管癌疗效好,毒副反应可以耐受.     

奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌临床疗效观察

目的 观察奈达铂联合5-Fu持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和不良反应.方法 晚期食管鳞癌患者27例,奈达铂80～100 mg/m2加入生理盐水500 ml中静滴2 h;5-Fu 0.25 g/(m2·d),静脉滴注24 h,第1～14天.28 d为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效.结果 全组27例均可评价疗效及不良反应,总有效率55.6%.其中初治者19例,部分缓解12例,有效率63.2%;复治者8例,部分缓解3例,有效率37.5%.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,4例(14.8%)患者出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板下降,7例(25.9%)患者出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞降低.消化道反应轻,未发现肝肾功能损害.结论 奈达铂联合5-Fu持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌疗效肯定,不良反应小,可代替顺铂作为治疗晚期食管癌的一线方案,对顺铂耐药的患者亦有一定的疗效.     

食管癌术前同步多西他赛联合顺铂化放疗的临床观察

目的:探讨多西他赛联合顺铂术前同步放化疗治疗食管癌的疗效.方法:对22例食管癌初治患者采用术前同步放化疗.放疗采用三维适形放疗技术(3DCRT),处方剂量46 Gy/23次,在放疗的第1和4周均给予多西他赛和顺铂化疗2个周期.放化疗结束后休息4～6周,行食管癌根治术.结果:22例患者完成术前放化疗,术前放化疗的临床有效率为81.8％(18/22).21例患者进一步接受手术,根治性切除率为95.2％,病理完全缓解率为38.1％(8/21).与治疗前分期比较,T与N分期均明显提前,P值均＜0.05.放化疗导致的Ⅲ级以上不良反应主要为白细胞下降、呕吐及放射性食管炎.肺部感染、吻合口瘘、伤口延迟愈合及乳麋胸均为4.8％(1/21).中位随访时间45个月,3和5年生存率分别为61.9％和47.6％,中位生存时间49个月.3和5年无病生存率分别为50.2％和40.5％,中位无病生存时间为35个月.结论:多西他赛联合顺铂术前同步放化疗并手术治疗食管癌可取得较高的临床有效率和完全病理缓解率,明显降低食管癌的分期,有望提高局部中晚期食管癌的生存率.本治疗方案,患者耐受性良好,无治疗相关性的死亡.     

紫杉醇联合卡铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的观察紫杉醇联合卡铂(TC)治疗晚期食管癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 33例晚期食管癌患者,给予TC方案化疗:紫杉醇175 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天;卡铂AUC 5,静脉滴注,第2天,21 d为1个周期。结果 33例患者均可评价疗效,总有效率42.4%,疾病控制率57.6%,中位无进展生存期4.0个月,中位总生存期10.2个月。其中初治组有效率为50.0%,中位无进展生存期4.8个月,中位生存期11.5个月;复治组有效率为27.3%,中位无进展生存期2.8个月,中位生存期8.6个月。Ⅲ～Ⅳ度毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制(36.3%),无治疗相关性死亡。结论紫杉醇联合卡铂方案是晚期食管癌的有效治疗方案之一,毒副反应可耐受。     

三维适形放疗联合化疗NP方案治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的 探讨三维适形放疗联合化疗NP方案治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和不良反应.方法 局部晚期食管癌58例,随机分为单纯放疗组(28例)和同期放化疗组(30例),两组均接受三维适形放射治疗,全组处方剂量5 600～7 000cGy,中位处方剂量6 400cGy,200cGy/次.1次/天,5次/周.化疗采用盖诺25mg/m2,静滴3h,第1、8天;顺铂80mg/m2,水化3d,第1天.21 d为化疗1周期,共4个周期,其中与放疗同期进行2个周期;放疗结束后2个周期评价.结果 近期疗效同期放化组、单放组的RR分别为93.33%、75%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同期放化疗组和单纯放疗组1、3年生存率分别为66.7%、30%和46.4%、10.7%.中位生存时间分别为16.6个月和10.8个月,差异均无统计学意义.不良反应前组大于后组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 三维适形放疗联合化疗NP方案治疗晚期食管癌近期疗效显著,但毒副反应略增加,值得进一步研究.     

食管癌治疗中TP方案化疗序贯三维适形放疗的临床应用

观察TP方案化疗序贯三维适形放疗在食管癌治疗中疗效及不良反应。76例符合标准的食管癌患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组先予TP方案化疗4个周期,后行三维适形放射治疗;对照组单用三维适形放射治疗。结果76例患者均可进行评价。治疗组有效率(RR)为92.1%(35/38),对照组RR为81.6%(31/38),两组间比较差异无统计学意义,χ2=1.842,P=0.175。治疗组中位生存时间为28个月,对照组为24个月。1、2、3年生存率:治疗组为81.6%(31/38)、60.5%(23/38)和36.8%(14/38);对照组为71.1%(27/38)、50.0%(19/38)和28.9%(11/38);两组生存曲线比较差异无统计学意义,χ2=0.927,P=0.336。两组不良反应主要有白细胞减少、放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎和恶心呕吐等;治疗组3～4级白细胞减少发生率为84.2%(32/38),对照组为10.5%(4/38),两组间比较差异有统计学意义,χ2=41.378,P=0.000;余不良反应两组间比较差异无统计学意义。初步研究结果提示,TP方案化疗序贯三维适形放疗治疗食管癌安全有效,值得进一步扩大样本研究。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil

Pseudomembranous colitis is frequently associated with antibiotics and more rarely with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to confuse this infection with chemotherapy associated toxicity. We present a 54 year old woman who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer and in the first cycle of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed pseudomembranous colitis. We detected the toxin B of Clostridium difficile in stools and we began early antibiotic treatment. Thus, in patients with post chemotherapy neutropenia and diarrhoea that develop negatively, we have to rule out this infection.