股骨远端球轴型旋转铰链膝关节的设计与临床应用

目的探讨球轴型旋转铰链膝关节假体重建股骨远端骨缺损的可行性及早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年11月联勤保障部队第九六〇医院及天津市天津医院收治的13例股骨远端原发肿瘤患者和3例膝关节周围假体置换术后翻修患者资料, 男8例、女8例, 年龄(43.3±17.8)岁(范围15～71岁)。13例股骨远端肿瘤患者中, 骨肉瘤6例、骨巨细胞瘤5例、平滑肌肉瘤1例、软骨肉瘤1例;3例假体置换术后翻修患者中, 肿瘤型假体术后无菌性松动2例、表面人工膝关节假体周围骨折1例。设计并制作球轴型旋转铰链膝关节假体重建16例患者肿瘤切除或假体翻修术后股骨缺损。术后定期随访, 复查X线片评估下肢力线, 采用中文版36条简明健康调查量表(36-item short-form, SF-36)评价术后生活质量, 应用美国骨骼肌肉系统肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)93膝关节功能评分评估肢体功能。结果 16例患者均顺利安放假体, 除2例行全股骨置换患者外, 其余14例患者肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(18.2±11.7) cm(范围8.6～47.1 cm)...     

肿瘤假体翻修膝表面置换术后髁上骨折不连接1例报告

<正>全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)是目前治疗膝关节疾病最有效的方式之一，疗效确切，术后膝关节功能良好，适用于各种膝关节骨性关节炎、类风湿关节炎等关节重度病变。TKA后常见的并发症有假体松动、感染、假体周围骨折、假体磨损、膝关节活动受限等，其中假体周围骨折尤其是股骨髁上骨折是术后严重的并发症，发生率约为0.3%～2.5%^[1]。股骨髁上骨折的手术治疗方式很多，对于较为严重的病例，肿瘤式假体翻修已成为重要的手术方法，本科室收治1例假体周围骨折病例，应用肿瘤式假体翻修治疗，取得较好疗效，报告如下。     

膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修

目的通过对膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修进行回顾性分析,总结手术技术和翻修原因,明确翻修术后并发症的发生,以及假体生存和功能情况。方法回顾性分析2002年6月-2007年6月收治的33例膝关节定制型肿瘤假体置换术后再次翻修患者的临床资料。其中男17例,女16例;年龄16～67岁,平均33.1岁。骨肉瘤17例,骨巨细胞瘤11例,骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,软骨肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤各1例。肿瘤部位:股骨远端22例,胫骨近端11例。翻修术与置换术间隔时间为6～180个月,平均45.3个月。翻修原因:肿瘤局部复发2例,假体周围感染8例,假体无菌性松动7例,创伤后假体周围骨折伴松动1例,假体柄折断6例,假体铰链机构失败9例。6例假体周围感染者,将原假体取出后行二期假体翻修;其余患者均行一期翻修。翻修假体均采用骨水泥固定假体,其中2例残留髓腔长度短于翻修假体柄,用异体骨段移植复合假体植入。结果17例两次手术均于同一医院进行的患者,首次置换手术时间为(149.8±40.5)min,翻修术为(189.9±43.8)min;置换术出血量为(605.2±308.0)mL,翻修术为(834.1±429.9)mL;以上指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者术后均获随访,随访时间12～76个月,平均45.1个月。2例行异体骨移植者分别于术后1年半和2年达骨性愈合。3例于翻修术后12～24个月死于肺转移;3例发生肺转移,随访期间带瘤生存。术后30例存活患者9例出现并发症,发生率为30%;其中浅表感染2例,深部感染5例,机械性并发症2例。7例发生假体失败,失败率为23.3%。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析翻修假体5年生存率为68.6%。翻修术前患者肢体功能根据1993年美国骨肿瘤学会评分系统(MSTS93)评分为57.1%±10.6%,术后6个月为73.6%±14.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论膝关节定制型肿瘤假体的翻修主要原因是机械性问题和感染,翻修手术虽较复杂,具有一定并发症,但可保留大部分患者的肢体并恢复其功能。     

比较固定平台和高屈曲旋转平台假体人工膝关节置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的效果

目的比较固定平台和高屈曲旋转平台假体人工膝关节置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎(OA)的效果。方法回顾性分析2016-10—2018-10间在新乡市第二人民医院接受人工膝关节置换术治疗的176例膝OA患者的资料。按不同假体分为2组,各88例。固定组采用固定平台假体,旋转组采用高屈曲旋转平台假体。比较2组术前,术后6个月、12个月膝关节功能(HSS)评分、膝关节活动度(ROM)、并发症发生率。结果 2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月旋转组HSS评分、ROM均高于固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用高屈曲旋转平台假体实施人工膝关节置换术治疗膝OA,中期效果显著,有利于患者膝关节功能及活动度提升,且不增加并发症风险。     

固定衬垫式和活动衬垫式全膝人工关节置换术后随访4．5年以上的对比性研究

背景：低接触应力旋转平台（活动衬垫式）和Insall Burstein-Ⅱ型（固定衬垫式）全膝人工关节假体各自独立的长期稳定性已有报道，但我们尚未见有关这两种假体的中长期随访及对比性研究。 方法：对32例双侧膝关节畸形和术前活动范围均相似的膝关节炎患者进行了前瞻性评估，患者同意一侧膝关节行活动衬垫全膝关节置换，另一侧膝关节行固定衬垫全膝关节置换。术后平均随访6年，使患者、医生和观测者的相关干扰降至最小，对两种假体进行对比分析，项目包括临床和X线片结果、生存率和并发症发生率。 结果：术后骨关节炎患者的功能评分和活动范围好于类风湿性关节炎患者。然而，对患者在膝关节协会评分、屈曲范围、主观表现或髌股并发症发生率等方面进行评估，没有发现活动衬垫式假体比固定衬垫式假体更好。X线片显示两者在假体排列上没有差异。两例使用活动衬垫式假体的膝关节需要再次手术，其中1例因衬垫脱位而需要早期翻修，另1例因深部感染而进行关节融合。 结论：我们发现中期随访患者的临床表现显示，活动衬垫式全膝关节置换术并不比固定衬垫式全膝人工关节置换术具有更多的优点。活动衬垫式假体发生假体脱位和半脱位的危险性应给予重视，在发生脱位后要早期进行翻修。 可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅱ级，进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

单髁膝关节置换术后中长期并发症分析

[目的]研究分析活动平台单髁假体膝关节置换术后并发症的类型特点,术后并发症的预防及处理提供参考。[方法]回顾性分析本科2007年5月～2017年5月472例行膝关节单髁置换的患者,研究术后并发症的发生率及特点,以翻修手术为终点事件进行Kaplan–Meier生存分析统计。[结果] 10年随访的生存率为95.80%(CI 91.9%～99.7%),10年随访期间共出现并发症19例,衬垫脱位10例(其中2例为假体松动合并脱位),假体松动3例(其中1例为感染合并假体松动),术后切口并发症5例(其中感染3例,切口渗液2例),假体周围骨折1例,关节绞锁1例,术后游离体形成1例。对于并发症的处理:行更换衬垫翻修8例,全膝关节置换假体翻修5例,切口清创缝合5例,单髁膝关节置换假体翻修1例,关节镜探查清理1例。[结论]活动平台膝关节单髁假体置换术后并发症主要为衬垫脱位。对术后并发症的原因进行恰当分析,针对不同情况做出及时有效的处置,对于患者的生存预后至关重要。     

全膝关节置换股骨假体置入角度与假体磨损的相关性

目的研究老年全膝关节置换术中股骨假体矢状面置入角度与假体中远期磨损的相关性。 方法选取2015年1月至2016年1月在北京老年医院进行全膝关节置换术的老年患者80例进行回顾性研究。所有患者均给予全膝关节置换术,根据患者中远期是否发生胫骨平台聚乙烯垫片立柱异常磨损而断裂需要翻修手术分为需要翻修的观察组14例,正常使用的对照组66例。术后3 d内、6个月、3年拍摄膝关节标准侧位X线片,测量股骨前方皮质线与股骨假体前踝线之间的夹角(β),使用t检验比较两组患者术后各时间点β角、膝关节屈曲程度。使用Pearson相关性分析,观察β角和人工膝关节使用时间的相关性。 结果观察组患者术后3 d、6个月、3年的β角均高于对照组(t＝10.085、31.037、57.945,均为P<0.05);术后3年观察组患者膝关节屈曲度明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t＝4.699,P<0.05);β角和人工膝关节使用时间呈负相关(r＝-0.765,P<0.05),但是与远期膝关节屈曲程度无相关性(r＝-0.397,P>0.05)。 结论股骨假体矢状面置入角度是影响老年全膝关节置换术患者假体远期磨损的重要因素。     

人工膝关节翻修术治疗初次置换术后假体周围感染的早期临床疗效

目的探讨人工膝关节翻修术治疗初次置换术后假体周围感染的治疗方法选择、围手术期要点和早期临床疗效。 方法2009年7月至2016年6月对华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉中心医院骨外科9例初次人工膝关节置换术后符合美国骨肌感染协会假体周围感染定义的患者进行翻修术,其中女6例,男3例;平均年龄(65 ± 6)岁。2例行一期翻修术,7例行二期翻修术。所有翻修术均使用含抗生素骨水泥。二期翻修术中3例为全抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器,4例为全抗生素骨水泥非关节型占位器。采用配对t检验对术前及术后末次随访的患膝评分和活动范围进行比较。 结果9例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间为(28±25)个月。关节活动范围术前为(43±5)°,术后(87±20)°,差异有统计学意义(t＝－96.6,P<0.01)。疼痛视觉模拟评分术前为(3 ± 2)分,术后(7 ± 2)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝－11.3,P<0.01)。美国特种外科医院膝关节评分术前为(42±10)分,术后末次随访时为(84±5)分(t＝－127.4,P<0.01)。无1例出现感染复发。 结论应用人工膝关节翻修术是治疗初次置换术后膝关节假体周围感染的有效方法,术前仔细的病情评估及正确手术方案选择、术中彻底的感染病灶清理及合适抗生素骨水泥占位器应用、术后规范的抗感染治疗是获得较满意早期疗效的必要条件。     

肿瘤型铰链式人工膝关节置换术后假体相关并发症分析

目的探讨采用肿瘤型铰链式人工膝关节假体行膝关节周围肿瘤保肢术后假体相关并发症发生情况。方法回顾分析2000年1月-2012年12月行肿瘤切除及肿瘤型铰链式人工膝关节假体重建的96例膝关节周围肿瘤患者临床资料。男64例,女32例;年龄15~72岁,平均31.0岁。肿瘤类型以骨肉瘤为主(72例),其次为骨巨细胞瘤(15例)。肿瘤位于股骨远端52例,胫骨近端44例。单纯铰链式假体15例,旋转铰链式假体81例。记录术后肿瘤复发、转移及患者生存情况,观察假体相关并发症发生情况。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间10~156个月,中位时间43.5个月。共21例患者出现25次假体相关并发症,其中发生于股骨者13例次,胫骨者12例次;包括假体无菌性松动8例,假体感染7例,假体断裂4例,假体周围骨折2例,假体脱位4例。假体感染主要发生在术后12个月内(6/7),而松动主要发生在术后40个月之后(6/8)。87例保肢成功,保肢率为90.6%(87/96);共9例患者行截肢术,截肢率为9.4%(9/9 6)。假体5年总体生存率为76.7%、10年为47.2%;股骨假体5年生存率为82.9%,胫骨假体为71.0%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.954)。结论采用肿瘤型铰链式人工膝关节假体行膝关节周围肿瘤保肢术后,假体相关并发症发生率较高。其中深部感染可显著影响假体短期生存率,而无菌性松动显著影响假体长期生存率。     

肿瘤型人工膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨肉瘤疗效及并发症分析

目的总结近年肿瘤型人工膝关节置换术的疗效及并发症。方法1997年7月至2004年7月,对117例膝关节周围骨肉瘤患者实施广泛切除后人工关节置换术,其中男性66例,女性51例,年龄13—57岁;部位包括股骨远端65例,胫骨近端52例。19例患者使用灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,25例患者使用了异体骨人工关节复合体。所有成骨肉瘤患者术前均行2个循环的规范化疗。结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间3．5年（1—8年）。发生并发症情况：5例患者假体柄折断（2例为进口假体,3例为国产假体）;19例患者假体迟发性感染（17例为国产假体,2例为进口假体）;3例患者出现假体松动;9例患者移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合,由于内固定坚固,患者可以行走;2例患者出现了异体骨吸收;2例患者发生假体下沉;1例患者出现了骨折。肿瘤局部控制：7例患者在术后0、5—2．0年内局部复发,其中4例为软组织肿瘤复发,而后接受肿瘤再切除,另3例截肢。结论肿瘤型人工膝关节置换术可保留较好的膝关节功能,达到保肢术规定的局部复发率要求。但由于其仍存在较高并发症发生率,仍有待进一步改进。     

定制肿瘤型铰链膝关节假体置换术后假体生存率及并发症分析

目的 探讨定制肿瘤型膝关节假体置换术后的假体生存率及并发症发生率.方法 对1996年4月至2007年4月接受定制肿瘤型铰链膝关节假体置换且随访资料完整的85例进行回顾性分析,男54例,女31例;年龄11～72岁,平均(31.33±15.3)岁.骨肉瘤43例,骨巨细胞瘤31例,软骨肉瘤4例,转移瘤3例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,Ewing肉瘤1例,纤维肉瘤1例.股骨远端43例,胫骨近端42例.均行瘤段广泛切除及国产骨水泥定制肿瘤型铰链膝关节假体重建.结果 随访3～124个月,平均45.8个月.并发症发生率27.1%(23/85),股骨远端25.6%(11/43),胫骨近端28.6%(12/42);发生于术后3年内13例次,3～5年3例次,5年以上7例次.与手术相关的并发症(切口不愈合、假体周围深部感染、腓总神经损伤等)6例次,全部发生于术后3年内;与假体相关的并发症(假体松动及断裂、假体关节脱位、假体周围骨折等)17例次,发生于术后3年以内7例次、3～5年3例次、5年以上7例次.假体生存率三年79.4%、五年67.7%、七年62.3%,股骨假体分别为86.6%、79.2%、73.5%,胫骨假体分别为66.1%、53.7%、48.8%.结论 与手术相关的并发症多发生于术后3年内,与假体相关的并发症于术后3年内及5年以上高发.使用国产定制肿瘤型膝关节假体置换术后早期即可发生与假体相关的并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively investigate the endoprosthetic survival and complications after custom-made tumor prosthesis replacement of knee joint.Methods From April 1996 to April 2007,85 patients with bone tumors around knee joints undergoing custom-prosthetic replacement were respectively analyzed,including 54 males and 31 females with an average of 31.33±15.3 years(range,11-72).The diagnoses were osteosarcoma(43 patients),giant cell tumor(31),chondrosarcoma(4),metastatic tumor(3),malignant fibrohistiocytoma(2),Ewing sarcoma(1),and fibrosarcoma(1).The distal femar was affected in 43 patients and the proximal tibia in 42.All patients in this group underwent wide resection and domestic custommade cemented endoprosthetic reconstruction.Results Mean following was 45.8 months.The overall complication rate was 27.1%(23/85),which was 25.6% in distal femar and 28.6% in proximal tibia.Thirteen complications occurred within 3 years after definite surgery,3 in 3-5 years,and 7 over 5 years.All of 6 operation-relation complications(wound dehiscence,periprosthetic infection,peroneal nerve injury,etc) occurred within 3 years.Seven prosthetic-related complications(prosthetic loosening or breaking,dislocation,periprosthetic fracture,etc)occurred within 3 years,3 occurred in 3-5 years,and 7 over 5 years after definite surgery.The overall endoprosthetic cumulative survival rate was 79.4%,67.7%and 62.3% after 3,5 and 7 years,respectively;which was 86.6%,79.2% and 73.5% in distal femur;66.1%,53.7% and 48.8% in proximal tibia.Conclusion All operation-related complications occurred within 3 years,prosthesis-related complications occurred mainly within 3 years and over 5 years postoperatively.Prosthesis-related complications could occur iu the early stage after using domestic custom-made prosthesis reconstruction.     

手术治疗关节置换术后急性感染的临床研究

目的探讨清创术联合翻修术治疗关节置换术后急性感染的临床效果。 方法纳入本院2013年1月至2013年12月行关节置换术术后出现急性感染者62例,所有患者均进行手术治疗,包括清创及2期植入假体。观察患者手术治疗前后实验室检查、并发症以及髋关节功能等。 结果手术前病原菌共162株;术后患者红细胞沉降率、CRP水平均低于术前,差异具有统计学意义（t =13.131、14.437,P均= 0.000）;并发症包括骨溶解、假体松动、假体下沉、骨膜反应以及固定不稳,清创术联合翻修术后并发症发生率均显著低于术前,差异具有统计学意义（χ²= 25.282、14.523、6.305、11.521、12.071,P = 0.000、0.000、0.012、0.001、0.001）;术后随访2年发现,患者Harris评分优良率显著高于术前,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 75.581、P = 0.000）。 结论关节置换术后急性感染者使用一期清创联合二期翻修术效果显著,术后关节功能恢复好,并发症少。     

Two-Year Outcome of Early Deep MRSA Infections After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty : A Joint Registry Review

The aim of this study is to determine the success rate in eradication of early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prosthetic joint infection. Rate of prosthesis retention and functional outcome between patients with prosthesis retention and prosthesis revision were compared. All patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty between May 1998 and September 2008 at our institution developing early deep MRSA infection were included. Patient demographics, time from infection to initial arthrotomy, successful eradication of infection and functional outcome of patients with a knee prosthesis at 2 years were studied. Open arthrotomy, debridement, and change of liner successfully treated 33.3% of infections. All remaining infections went onto treatment with 2-stage revision with a success rate of 88%. Overall 92% of patients had a well-functioning knee prosthesis at 2 years.     

The Stanmore knee arthrodesis prosthesis

Knee arthrodesis is most commonly performed for failed total knee arthroplasty. Conventional arthrodesis techniques are associated with a high incidence of complications and are unsuitable in cases with extensive bone loss. We report our medium-term results using a custom-made cemented knee arthrodesis prosthesis in 10 patients with a mean follow-up of 56.4 months (range, 15-199 months). The prosthesis was implanted as a 1- or 2-stage procedure for infected revision knee arthroplasty or tumor endoprosthesis in 9 patients and as a primary procedure in 1 patient with angiosarcoma involving the knee extensor mechanism. The average combined femoral and tibial bone deficit was 170 mm (range, 56-220 mm). Implant survivorship was 90%. All patients with retained prosthesis had no evidence of residual infection or loosening and were able to mobilize independently. One prosthesis was revised though retained following a prosthetic fracture, and 1 patient underwent above-knee amputation for uncontrolled infection. We conclude that the Stanmore knee arthrodesis prosthesis provides reliable fusion in an otherwise difficult-to-treat group of patients.     

Managing skin necrosis and prosthesis subluxation after total knee arthroplasty

Skin necrosis and prosthetic subluxation are dreaded complications after total knee arthroplasty. It can result in deep infection with subsequent failure of prosthesis. The incidence of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who undergo knee arthroplasty is high when compared to patients with primary osteoarthritis. The gastrocnemius muscle flap has been described for cover of proximal tibia and tendon loss because of malignancy and has been used as a bridge graft in trauma patients with patellar tendon loss. We describe a patient with total knee arthroplasty with anterior knee skin necrosis and prosthesis subluxation because of attenuation and loss of continuity of patellar tendon. This was managed by using gastrocnemius bridge grafting. Here, the gastrocnemius bridge graft was used as a soft tissue cover as well as a dynamic anterior stabilizer for the prosthesis.     

肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围原发性肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的总结膝关节周围原发性骨肿瘤保肢手术中人工关节重建的疗效和并发症。方法回顾性分析我院1995年12月至2005年12月83例应用肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床资料。其中骨肉瘤58例,多中心骨肉瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤1例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤13例,平滑肌肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤2例。根据骨缺损重建部位分组：股骨下端组44例,胫骨上端组34例,全股骨置换组5例。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～130个月,平均41个月。局部复发6例,2例晚期感染,假体松动2例,无假体断裂;假体3、5年生存率分别为88．2％、82．1％。41例植骨患者形成皮质外骨桥。肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评分：股骨下端组19．0—29．0分,平均25．0分;胫骨上端组17．0—28．0分,平均24．4分;全股骨置换组16．0—21．0分,平均19．0分。股骨下端组和胫骨上端组功能优于全股骨置换。结论肿瘤型人工关节重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤并发症发生率低,关节功能良好。     

Management strategies for complex wounds following total knee arthroplasty

Complex wounds following total knee arthroplasty can result in loss of the prosthesis or limb. We report our experience with 32 patients (33 knees) with complex wounds following total knee arthroplasty. Wound assessment includes size, location, depth, presence of infection, quality of tissue, and exposure of bone or prosthetic components. Management options include debridement and closure, local wound care, skin graft, fasciocutaneous flap, local muscle flap, and free tissue transfer. Postoperative outcome is based on complications and clinical evaluation using the Knee Society Score. Successful salvage of the total knee prosthesis was obtained in 28 of 33 knees (85%). Secondary procedures were necessary in ten knees and consisted of soft tissue revision in six knees, removal of prosthetic components in three knees, and both soft tissue revision and removal of prosthetic components in one knee. Our algorithm for management includes early plastic surgery consultation, control of infection, aggressive debridement, and early soft tissue coverage. Received: 25 May 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 1999     

Donor-site complications of autogenous nonvascularized fibula strut graft harvest for anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion surgery: experience with 163 consecutive cases

Background contextThe fibula is a source of bone graft for reconstruction of the appendicular and axial skeleton.PurposeThe aim of this study is to determine donor-site complications and morbidity in a large series of patients who underwent autogenous fibula harvesting for anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) surgery.Study design/settingRetrospective review (Level III).Patient sampleOne hundred sixty-three patients over an eight-year period who underwent ACCF with autogenous fibula.Outcome measuresDonor site complications (such as infection, cellulitis, pain, damage to the superficial peroneal nerve, ankle instability, tibial stress fracture, and so forth), treatment, and final outcome were determined from patient records.MethodsRetrospective study of patients who underwent ACCF with autogenous nonvascularized fibula strut graft over an eight-year period (from 1995 to 2002) was conducted. Donor site complications (such as infection, cellulitis, pain, damage to the superficial peroneal nerve, ankle instability, tibial stress fracture, and so forth), treatment, and final outcome were determined from patient records.ResultsOne hundred sixty-three patients underwent ACCF with autogenous fibula graft during the study period. The most common short-term complication (lasting <3 months) was incisional pain, present in 86 of 163 patients (53%). Incisional pain lasted longer than 3 months in 25 of 163 patients (15%) but resolved in all but two patients by 24 months. Two patients (1.2%) developed superficial peroneal neuromas. Five patients (3%) developed tibial stress fractures. Two patients (1.2%) developed ankle instability. Fifteen (9%) patients developed cellulitis that resolved in all patients after a short course of oral antibiotics, with one additional patient developing a deep infection requiring surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics.ConclusionsAlthough autogenous fibula is an excellent graft for multilevel ACCF reconstruction, surgeons should carefully consider the associated morbidity of fibular harvest before surgery. In this series, most complications were of short duration. However, nine patients with long-term complications required five additional surgical procedures. Therefore, patients who are scheduled to undergo autogenous fibula harvest should be advised about these potential complications.     

Anesthetic, patient, and surgical risk factors for neurologic complications after prolonged total tourniquet time during total knee arthroplasty

Nerve injury after prolonged tourniquet inflation results from the combined effects of ischemia and mechanical trauma. Tourniquet release, allowing a reperfusion interval of 10-30 min followed by re-inflation, has been recommended to extend the duration of total tourniquet time. However, this practice has not been confirmed clinically. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1001 patients undergoing 1166 primary or revision knee replacements with tourniquet time more than 120 min during a 5-yr interval. Mean total tourniquet time was 145 +/- 25 min (range, 120-308 min). In 759 patients, the tourniquet inflation was uninterrupted. Two tourniquet inflations, interrupted by a single deflation, were noted in 371 patients, and 3 tourniquet inflations interrupted by 2 deflation intervals were noted in 23 patients. A total of 129 neurologic complications (peroneal and/or tibial nerve palsies) were noted in 90 patients for an overall incidence of 7.7%. Eighty-five cases involved the peroneal nerve and 44 cases involved the tibial nerve. In 39 cases, both peroneal and tibial deficits were noted. Complete neurologic recovery occurred in 76 (89%) peroneal and 44 (100%) tibial palsies. Postoperative neurologic dysfunction was associated with younger age (P < 0.001; odds ratio = 0.7 per 10-yr increase), longer tourniquet time (P < 0.001; odds ratio = 2.8 per 30-min increase), and preoperative flexion contracture >20 degrees (P = 0.002; odds ratio = 3.9). In a subset of 116 patients with tourniquet times > or =180 min, longer duration of deflation was associated with a decreased frequency of neurologic complications (P = 0.048). We conclude that the likelihood of neurologic dysfunction increases with total tourniquet time and that a reperfusion interval only modestly decreases the risk of nerve injury.