肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤八例诊治分析

目的探讨肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤(PEComa)的临床特点和诊治原则。方法回顾性分析2010年1月～2018年12月收治的8例肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤的临床资料,对肝脏PEComa的临床特点、影像学表现、病理结果、治疗及预后进行分析。结果 8例病人中肝脏单发肿瘤4例,多发3例,肝肾多发1例。其中4例行肝右叶肿瘤切除术,3例行肝左叶肿瘤切除术,1例行双侧肝叶肿瘤切除术。手术时间180～310分钟,平均(255.0±15.7)分钟,术中出血量100～400 ml,平均(258.8±32.6)ml。8例均经病理证实为PEComa。术后随访均未见复发。结论肝脏PEComa是一种相对罕见的肝脏肿瘤,以良性为主,确诊依赖于术后病理学检查。主要治疗措施是手术切除,预后良好。     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤38例临床诊治分析

背景与目的：肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤（PEComa）是一种少见的肝脏原发性肿瘤,由于缺乏特异性的症状及影像特征,容易误诊为肝细胞癌、肝血管瘤,影响临床治疗。为探索肝脏PEComa的疾病特点及诊治方法,本研究通过总结我院既往收治的肝脏PEComa患者临床病理资料,对其临床诊疗和预后进行分析,旨在提高对该疾病的诊疗水平。方法：回顾2010年7月—2021年6月期间中南大学湘雅医院普通外科收治的38例肝脏PEComa患者的临床病理资料,对患者的临床特点、影像学表现、病理特点、治疗及预后并进行分析。结果：38例患者中,女性28例（73.7%）,男性10例（26.3%）,中位年龄46 (21～66)岁。38例患者共发现40个肝脏结节,结节的大小1.0～20.0 cm,平均（6.02±4.84） cm,其中位于右肝21个（52.5%）,位于左肝17个（42.5%）,位于尾状叶2个（5%）。10例患者有临床症状,表现为腹胀和腹痛或寒战和发热。35例患者行术前肝脏彩超检查,病灶表现为高回声（18例）、混合回声（12例）或低回声（5例）肿块。23例患者术前行增强CT检查,增强后动脉期均出现明显增强,19例...     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤临床分析

目的 提高对罕见的肝脏原发性肿瘤——肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(PEComa)的诊疗水平.方法 采用文献检索收集1989 ～ 2013年间报道的包括北京大学人民医院1例在内资料齐全的原发性肝脏PEComa患者41例,总结其病例资料,对原发性肝脏PEComa的临床特点、影像学资料、病理特点、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 肝脏PEComa无特异性临床表现,影像学特征不易识别,主要依靠术后病理确诊.手术是目前公认的主要治疗方法.41例患者中34例为良性,7例为恶性,恶性者预后较差.结论 原发性肝脏PEComa是一种肝脏罕见肿瘤,应提高对其认识和诊疗水平,术后应长期密切随访.     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤(PEComa)的临床特点、诊治原则和预后。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年7月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院手术治疗且术后病理证实为肝脏PEComa的23例患者临床资料,结合文献讨论肝脏PEComa的临床特点、诊断情况、治疗及预后。结果23例患者中女16例,男7例,中位年龄为50岁;肿瘤直径4.6(1.0~22.5)cm,以单发为主(87.0%),8例位于左半肝,11例位于右半肝,1例包含左、右半肝,1例位于尾状叶,1例肝、肾多发,1例肝、腹膜后多发,术前仅4例诊断为PEComa。Melan-A、HMB-45和SMA阳性率分别为92.9%(13/14)、85.7%(12/14)和76.9%(10/13)。所有患者术后均恢复良好后出院,随访期内未见复发。结论肝脏PEComa是一种相对罕见的肝脏肿瘤,多为良性,影像学表现有一定特征性,但依赖于术后病理学和免疫组织化学检查确诊。术前能够确诊的良性PEComa可定期复查或保守治疗,手术切除预后较好。     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤2例临床诊治分析

目的探索肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤(PEComa)的疾病特点和诊治方案。方法收集暨南大学第一附属医院2018年8月至2019年11月2例肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤患者的临床资料,分析其临床表现、影像学特点、诊断及治疗策略、病理特点、预后。结果 2例肝脏PEComa患者均为女性,没有典型的临床症状及体征,AFP、CEA、CA-199等肿瘤指标均为阴性,B超、上腹MRI等影像学检查结果考虑为肝癌,治疗上采取腹腔镜肝肿物切除术,术后复查未见肿瘤复发及远处转移征象。结论肝脏PEcoma是少见的间叶源性肿瘤,以良性为主,术前诊断误诊率高,组织学及免疫组化学检查是确诊的主要方法。主要治疗措施是手术切除及长期密切随访。     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤一例

<正>血管周上皮样细胞瘤（perivascular epithelioid cell tumor,PEComa）为组织学和免疫表型上有特异性的少见的一组间叶源性肿瘤，其中肝脏PEComa更为少见。本文报道武汉科技大学附属孝感医院收治的一例肝脏PEComa病例，并结合相关文献复习，为临床医师提供参考。     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤的临床及影像学特征

回顾性分析4例经病理证实的肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(PEComa)患者影像资料,总结其影像特点并复习相关文献。4例患者均为体检发现,无乙肝病史。3例患者病变密度/信号均匀,1例病变密度/信号混杂,内见脂肪密度/信号。4例患者病变动脉期明显强化,2例包膜样延迟强化,3例强化特点呈快进快出。肝脏PEComa动脉期均为明显强化,门静脉期及延迟期表现多样,部分为包膜样延迟强化,患者临床病史不支持肝癌等诊断时,应考虑肝脏PEComa的可能。     

肝脏恶性上皮样血管周细胞瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝脏恶性上皮样血管周细胞瘤（perivascular epithelioid cell carcinoma,PEComa）的临床、影像学和病理学特征,探讨PEComa的诊断与外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月1日至2018年1月1日安康市中心医院收治的6例肝脏恶性PEComa患者临床资料,均在腹部B超、上腹部增强CT检查之后行肝脏肿瘤切除术,术后经病理及免疫组化检查明确诊断并密切随访。结果 6例患者中女5例,男1例,多因上腹部疼痛就诊,且血清学检查基本正常。影像学主要表现为肝脏单发性肿瘤,形态欠规则、边界尚清晰;CT平扫期表现为低密度影或稍低密度影;增强扫描动脉期病灶轻度强化,门静脉期病灶强化明显,延迟期病灶强化程度减轻。肿瘤位于左肝4例、右肝2例,大小为（7.1 cm×6.3 cm×5.7 cm）～（21.0 cm×18.0 cm×11.9 cm）。6例均行肝部分切除术,R0切除,无手术相关并发症发生及围手术期死亡。术后病理检查示,病灶由不同比例的血管、上皮样细胞及巨核细胞组成。免疫组化显示SMA、CD34、HMB45、Vimentin表达阳性。本组6例全部获得随访,平均随访时间20.8个月（6～52个月）,存活2例,死亡4例,死亡原因为肿瘤复发、转移及全身多脏器功能衰竭。结论 肝脏恶性PEComa是一种非常罕见的肝脏肿瘤,好发于中年女性,无特异性临床表现,术前增强CT检查有利于肝脏恶性PEComa的诊断和鉴别诊断,行根治性肝脏肿瘤切除术是最有效的治疗方法,一旦诊断应尽早手术,术后密切随访。     

肾上腺血管周上皮样细胞瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨原发性肾上腺血管周上皮样细胞瘤(PEComa)的临床病理特点及诊断治疗方法。方法:报告2014年11月中国人民解放军总医院泌尿外科诊治原发性肾上腺PEComa 1例患者的临床特征、影像学特点、病理学结果、治疗及随访情况,并结合文献进行分析。结果:文献报道的肾上腺PEComa非常罕见,该病术前多无特异临床症状,容易通过影像学手段发现,但难以确诊,最终诊断依靠病理学表现和免疫组化结果,治疗首选手术切除,术后须长期随访。结论:原发性肾上腺PEComa是一种非常罕见的间叶组织肿瘤,依靠病理学方法诊断。其生物学行为不明确,建议术后长期随访。     

原发性腹膜后血管周上皮样细胞瘤合并肾错构瘤及结节性硬化1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后血管周上皮样细胞瘤（PEComa）的临床病理特点及诊断治疗。方法 报告2009年4月北京协和医院基本外科诊治的位于盆腔的原发性腹膜后PEComa1例病人的症状、影像、病理、治疗及随访情况,并结合文献进行分析。结果 术前无特异临床症状,为查体发现。术前容易通过影像学手段发现但难以确诊。最终诊断依靠病理学表现和免疫组化。文献报道的原发性腹膜后PEComa非常罕见。结论 原发性腹膜后PEComa是一种非常罕见的间叶组织肿瘤,依靠病理学方法诊断。其生物学行为不明确,建议术后长期随访。     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.