神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术效果及手术技巧。方法采用内镜辅助、眶上锁孔入路（显微手术）治疗12例巨大（≥7cm）嗅沟脑膜瘤。结果肿瘤全切除9例（SimpsonⅠ级切除5例，Ⅱ级切除4例），次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级切除）3例。无手术死亡。10例随访3个月～2年，平均14个月。9例恢复正常生活，1例生活能自理。NRI随访9例，肿瘤无复发。结论利用神经内镜辅助及显微外科技术，采用眶上锁孔入路、对肿瘤进行分块切除治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤，手术创伤小，疗效满意。     

巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科诊治体会

目的探讨巨大纵隔肿瘤切除的外科诊疗经验。方法回顾性总结21例巨大肿瘤纵隔手术切除的临床资料。结果 21例均治愈,术中发生复张性肺水肿2例,失血性体克1例;术后发生心律失常、急性左心衰竭各1例,经治疗均恢复良好。结论巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科治疗效果满意,麻醉时体位及手术切口的选择、术中预防、控制大出血以及肿瘤切除方法、技巧是手术成功的关键。     

儿童髓母细胞瘤的显微外科手术治疗42例临床分析

目的 报道儿童髓母细胞瘤的临床特点及显微外科手术治疗的临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析儿童髓母细胞瘤经显微手术治疗42例的临床和随访资料,对显微外科手术技巧进行总结,并对临床疗效进行分析. 结果 肿瘤全切除34例,近全切除7例,部分切除1例,无手术死亡.术后随访时间3～84个月,平均随访时间为26个月.术后2年内肿瘤复发14例,中枢神经系统种植转移5例,术后2年生存率61.9%,术后5年生存率42.9%. 结论 对儿童髓母细胞瘤应用显微外科手术进行肿瘤全切除和术后全中枢轴放疗可获较好的临床疗效.     

后腹腔镜八步法行巨大肾上腺肿瘤解剖性切除术

目的:介绍采用后腹腔镜八步法行巨大(直径≥5cm)肾上腺肿瘤解剖性切除术的手术技巧及临床效果。方法:2009年1月~2013年10月期间对34例巨大肾上腺肿瘤患者采用后腹腔镜八步法行巨大肾上腺肿瘤解剖性切除术:①清除腹膜外脂肪;②打开Gerota筋膜,游离肾脏背侧间隙;③游离肾脏腹侧间隙;④打断肾脏与肿瘤之间的连接;⑤游离肾上腺肿瘤膈面;⑥游离肾上腺肿瘤腹侧;⑦处理肾上腺肿瘤上极;⑧完整切除肿瘤。结果:34例腹腔镜手术全部完成,仅1例中转开放手术。肿瘤平均直径〔7.3±2.4(5.5~14.5)〕cm,平均手术时间〔89±44(30~185)〕min,术中平均估计出血量〔172±246(10~1000)〕ml。1例术中输血800ml,1例术后输血400ml;1例术后并发急性肺水肿,保守治疗后康复;术后平均恢复饮食时间为〔1.6±0.9(1~4)〕d,术后平均住院时间为〔6.3±2.6(3~14)〕d。结论:按照八步法行后腹腔镜巨大肾上腺肿瘤解剖性切除术,具有操作空间充分、层次清楚、视野清晰、手术成功率高、创伤小、出血少及并发症少等优点。后腹腔镜八步法巨大肾上腺肿瘤解剖性切除术安全可行。     

原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的手术经验

目的总结原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的外科手术经验。方法回顾性分析1998~2002年18例腹膜后巨大肿瘤手术治疗的临床资料。结果14例完整切除,1例大部切除,3例剖腹探查加活检术。14例恶性肿瘤中有10例完整切除,其中8例行联合脏器切除;4例良性肿瘤均完整切除,其中1例行联合脏器切除,无手术死亡。随访3年,18例中14例健在,死亡4例,肿瘤复发14例。结论准确的术前评估、恰当的手术径路、良好的手术技能是提高手术切除率的关键。     

颈段脊髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术策略及疗效评价

目的 探讨显微外科手术切除颈段脊髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术策略和技巧及临床疗效.方法 对颈段脊髓内室管膜瘤施行显微手术治疗14例,回顾性分析临床特征、影像学表现、诊断、全切除肿瘤保留脊髓功能的显微手术技巧以及术前、术后神经功能改变.结果 肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除2例.术后临床神经功能改善9例,保留术前神经功能4例,术后症状加重1例;术后无死亡病例.随访4～50个月,14例复查MRI均无复发.结论 显微手术切除是颈段脊髓内室管膜瘤的首选治疗方法,正确的手术策略和熟练的显微技巧是提高颈段脊髓内室管膜瘤的手术疗效的基础.     

原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤切除术中大血管的处理

目的　通过回顾性地研究近 15年手术切除原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的经验 ,总结术中大血管的处理方法和技巧对预后及术后并发症的影响。方法　对近 15年完整切除的 5 6例原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤术中处理过程进行归纳分析 ,总结肿瘤生长部位对腹腔大血管处理的影响和处理受累大血管的技巧。结果　累及左、中、右和左右腹部的原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的切除率分别为 87.5 %、35 .7%、5 2 .2 %和 2 6 .7%。结扎切断脾血管 2 3例次 ,修补大血管 14例次。 4例次为意外紧急处理 ,其余均为预防性程序性处理 ;术后死亡 1例。血管修补组与同期血管壁残瘤组 2 8例比较 ,2年复发率分别为 14.3%和 5 3.6 % ,差异显著 ,P <0 .0 1。结论　对于累及腹腔大血管的原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤 ,左侧大血管较易处理 ,手术切除率明显高于右侧 ;仔细结扎切断脾血管和预防性地切除受累大血管壁再行修补血管是保证手术安全性、提高腹膜后巨大肿瘤切除率、减少复发率的重要操作步骤。     

胆囊结石合并腹部肿瘤诊治分析

目的探讨胆囊结石合并腹部肿瘤的诊治规律。方法回顾分析安徽省第二人民医院2010年4月至2013年4月期间30例胆囊结石合并腹部肿瘤患者的临床资料,总结该类病例的发病特点、延误诊治原因及治疗方法。结果胆囊结石合并腹部肿瘤患者约占同期行胆囊切除手术患者的6．9％,延误诊断率为1．8％。14例患者同期行胆囊切除＋肿瘤根治手术,术后未见严重并发症发生。结论提高对胆囊结石合并腹部肿瘤的认识,认真分析病史,针对性进行检查,可以减少延误诊治,对该类病例同期行胆囊切除＋肿瘤根治手术是安全可行的。     

原发性盆腔腹膜后巨大肿瘤26例的治疗分析

目的 探讨原发性盆腔腹膜后巨大肿瘤(直径≥10cm)的治疗方法，以提高肿瘤切除率。方法 回顾性分析1980—2000年26例盆腔巨大肿瘤切除病例的临床资料，比较良、恶性肿瘤及不同性别患者的肿瘤切除率。结果 本组患者的肿瘤切除率为73％(19／26)，无手术死亡及严重并发症。结论 盆腔巨大肿瘤的有效治疗方法是手术切除，女性患者的肿瘤切除率高于男性，血管受侵是肿瘤无法切除的主要原因。     

腹部Castleman病的临床特点及诊治

目的探讨腹部Castleman病临床特点及外科治疗。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2015年12月东南大学医学院附属江阴医院8例经手术病理证实的腹部Castleman病的临床及影像学特点及治疗方法。结果 7例患者行手术完整切除肿瘤,1例患者肿瘤无法切除,取部分组织做病理检查,病理均提示为Castleman病。结论腹部Castleman病是一种少见的淋巴组织增生性疾病,影像学检查如CT和MRI具有一定的诊断价值,明确诊断主要靠病理组织学检测,手术切除肿瘤为首选治疗。     

Giant cell tumors that originated in the sternum

Giant cell tumors originating from the sternum are rare. We report a case of a giant cell tumor of the sternum with radiological evidence of aggressiveness. A 34 year-old woman noted a mass in the anterior chest wall that had been slowly growing over 1 year. After incision biopsy revealed a diagnosis of a giant cell tumor she was treated by surgical resection (subtotal sternectomy) and reconstruction with methylmethacrylate. The tumor was 14 × 9 × 8 cm, and histological study confirmed that it was a giant cell tumor. Although giant cell tumors are benign, they are locally aggressive lesions and must be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a sternal mass.     

巨大结肠脂肪瘤并发肠套叠误诊为结肠癌五例分析

目的 总结巨大结肠脂肪瘤的外科诊断和治疗经验,提高对本病的认识,减少误诊.方法 回顾性分析5例被误诊为结肠癌的巨大结肠脂肪瘤合并肠套叠患者的临床资料,探讨造成误诊的原因.结果 结肠脂肪瘤是一种少见的结肠良性肿瘤,肿瘤体积增大后可出现腹痛、血便、腹部包块,甚至肠套叠、肠梗阻等症状,临床医师缺乏对其认识常将其误诊为结肠癌.钡灌肠及结肠镜检查足诊断结肠脂肪瘤的重要手段,但容易受操作者主观印象的误导;增强CT扫描能客观地反映肿瘤密度和解剖特点.外科治疗首选手术切除病变肠段.结论 巨大结肠脂肪瘤误诊率高,尤其并发肠套叠后易被诊断为结肠癌.     

巨大胃肠道间质瘤39例临床分析

目的:探讨巨大胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床特征、诊断治疗方法及预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2015年4月间在川北医学院附属医院收治的179例GIST患者资料,其中39例为巨大GIST(直径≥10 cm)。结果:39例巨大GIST患者的发病部位分别为胃部14例(35.6%)、消化道外(肠系膜、网膜、腹膜)10例(25.6%)、回肠7例(17.9%)、空肠4例(10.3%)、十二指肠3例(7.7%)、直肠1例(2.6%);与普通GIST(直径10 cm)比较,巨大GIST患者中核分裂像、包膜破损、多发、胃肠道外GIST、术前贫血及并发症比例明显增高(均P0.05)。39例患者中,单纯性肿瘤切除8例(20.5%),合并胃肠等器官部分切除30例(76.9%),1例(2.6%)肿瘤未能切除;39例巨大GIST均为高危风险度,32例患者获得有效随访,4例(10.3%)术后服用伊马替尼治疗;术后1、2年无进展生存率分别为92.8%、79.6%。结论:巨大GIST可根据临床表现、影像学及病理检查结果诊断,其临床特征表现出较高的危险度,完整肿瘤切除合并胃肠等器官部分切除以及规范的术前与术后靶向治疗是改善患者预后的有效手段。     

Giant hemangioma of the liver presenting with abdominal compartment syndrome: a case report

Summary BACKGROUND: Hemangiomas are the most common liver neoplasms and are usually detected incidentally. Most cases are asymptomatic and observation is sufficient. Treatment is required for giant hemangiomas (>4 cm) if they are symptomatic and demonstrate rapid progression in size or when there is doubt in diagnosis. Giant hemangiomas may sometimes be responsible for consumptive coagulopathy and congestive cardiac failure. However, these complications are rare in adults compared with children. METHODS: We report the first case of a giant hemangioma of the liver presenting with abdominal compartment syndrome that was treated by surgery. RESULTS: A middle-aged woman presented with a symptomatic giant hemangioma involving segments 5–8 of the liver. She was advised to undergo surgery but opted for angiographic embolization instead. After transient relief which lasted for 2 months, the hemangioma started to increase in size. Six months post embolization she was readmitted with the hemangioma increased (now involving segments 4–8) and features of abdominal compartment syndrome. After the risks were explained, she was operated upon and underwent a right trisectionectomy. The specimen weighing 8.5 kg on histology revealed a cavernous hemangioma with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. CONCLUSIONS: Giant hemangioma is an unusual cause of abdominal compartment syndrome. These patients can be successfully managed by major liver resection if proper surgical techniques are used.     

Giant cell tumor of the foot phalanges in children: a case report

Giant cell tumor of the bone is infrequent in the phalanges of the toes and is extremely rare in children. A case of giant cell tumor of the proximal phalanx of the big toe on the left foot in a 12-year-old boy is reported. The tumor was treated by partial resection of the phalanx and repair of the osseous defect with an autologous iliac crest graft. A literature review showed few cases of giant cell tumor at this site.     

腹腔57例巨大间叶源性肿瘤报告并文献复习

目的分析腹腔巨大间叶源性肿瘤的临床特点、外科治疗及其预后。 方法回顾性总结自2018年1月至2021年6月57例腹腔巨大间叶源性肿瘤患者的临床资料,分析其病种及人口学特征、术中探查及外科治疗情况、围手术期及随访预后情况等。对于连续型变量进行正态性检验,若满足正态分布,则以均数±标准差表示;若不满足正态分布,则以中位数±四分位数间距表示。对于分类变量,以频数（百分率）表示。所有数据分析与统计用GraphPad Prism 9.0完成。 结果共纳入57例直径≥10 cm、瘤体≥1 kg的腹腔巨大间叶源性肿瘤,包括间质瘤31例、脂肪肉瘤13例、平滑肌肉瘤2例、横纹肌肉瘤2例、淋巴管瘤2例、神经鞘瘤2例及其他肿瘤5例。发病年龄（55.8±13.9）岁,肿瘤直径（13.0±7.0）cm,手术时长（175.0±90.0）min,术中出血量（200.0±450.0）ml,术中输血率26.3%,多灶率22.8%,整块切除率80.7%,侵犯周围结构率22.8%,联合脏器切除率50.9%,患者术后住院（11.0±5.0）d、随访（23.0±16.0）个月,死亡4例（7.0%）,均因肿瘤复发转移死亡。 结论间质瘤与脂肪肉瘤是最多见的腹腔巨大间叶源性肿瘤,不同类型肿瘤的临床特征与外科治疗存在差异,提高对此类疾病的认识有助于改善此类患者的临床预后。     

Giant diverticula of the colon. Apropos of 2 cases]

Giant diverticulum of the colon is a rare complication of the colonic diverticulosis. It generally involves the sigmoid colon. In the chronic form, without symptoms or with only a few non-specific symptoms, an abdominal mass is frequently palpable. A plain abdominal radiogram, showing a gas-filled cyst, can suggest the diagnosis. If needed, an abdominal CT scan is appropriate and seems to be more accurate than a barium enema. The treatment of choice is a segmental resection of the colon involving the giant diverticulum, followed by a direct anastomosis. Despite the old age of these patients, both postoperative morbidity and mortality are low and justify such a radical approach. The acute clinical presentation (about 20%) is generally due to a peritonitis by perforation of the giant diverticulum and requires an emergency colectomy.     

Giant colonie diverticulum: A rare manifestation of a common disease

Giant colonie diverticulum is a rare manifestation of a common disease primarily affecting patients over the age of 50 years. We reviewed all 81 cases of giant colonie diverticulum reported in the medical literature and present herein an additional case in a younger patient. Published reports were summarized with regard to current epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and complications. Giant colonie diverticulum can present as an acute, chronic, or incidental condition, or with complications. There are several suggested theories for the pathogenesis of giant colonie diverticulum, but none is universally satisfactory. A diagnosis can be made with plain films, barium enema, and CT scans. A combination of sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis was successful in 75% of the cases reported after the mid-1970s. More than 90% of giant colonie diverticula are found in the sigmoid colon. Sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis is the preferred treatment, although patients presenting with complications typically should be treated with Hartmann’s procedure for free perforation or percutaneous drainage for a localized abscess. Because of the high risk of complications, we recommend segmentai resection of the involved colon for those found incidentally.     

Recurrent giant hemangiomas of liver: Report of two rare cases with literature review

Most hepatic hemangiomas (HHs) are small, asymptomatic and do not require clinical intervention. Surgical resection is only indicated for symptomatic hemangiomas. We report here cases of recurrent HHs in 2 women of 37 and 40 years old, who initially presented with abdominal pain and mass. Radiological examination of each tumor revealed a solitary tumor of 14 and 20 cm in diameter, respectively. Surgical liver segmental resections were performed in both, and the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was confirmed. Both patients had recurrent tumor on subsequent radiological examination 4-5 years after the initial surgery. In the first patient, a 15 cm recurrent hemangioma was resected, but multiple hemangiomas were again detected 8 years later occupying the other hepatic lobe, which was not amendable for resection. In the second patient, a 16 cm hemangioma was seen on radiogram, and because the lesion was not symptomatic, conservative observation was offered. Recurrence after liver resection of giant hemangioma is extremely rare. The pathogenesis of tumor progression and recurrence is unknown, as is the management of these patients with recurrent hemangioma, particularly when it is extensive and unresectable.