儿童闭合性胰腺损伤的诊疗体会

目的：总结儿童闭合性胰腺损伤的诊治经验。
方法：回顾性分析近5年来收治10例儿童闭合性胰腺损伤的临床资料。
结果：3例非手术治疗,2例治愈,1例发生胰腺假性囊肿。7例手术治疗,I~II级6例,III级1例;术后发生胰瘘1例,假性囊肿1例,死亡2例,治愈5例。
结论：儿童闭合性胰腺损伤具有病死率高、合并伤多和诊断不易三大特点,早期诊断主要依靠临床表现,实验室及影像检查,有手术适应证时尽早剖腹探查,并根据损伤程度制定合理的治疗方案。     

胰腺损伤24例诊治分析

目的探讨外伤性胰腺损伤的诊断及外科治疗处理方法。方法对2000年1月～2011年12月收治的24例胰腺外伤的临床资料,包括损伤程度、手术方式、疗效进行回顾性分析。结果Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例,V级2例。非手术治疗5例;手术治疗19例,彻底止血+充分胰周外引流术4例,远端胰腺切除术+脾切除术7例,保留脾脏的远端胰腺切除术2例,胰头近侧断端缝合+远侧断端与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术4例,十二指肠憩室化手术1例,胰十二指肠切除术1例。死亡2例。结论无明确主胰管损伤、临床情况稳定时,胰腺损伤可先行非手术治疗。手术治疗适于重度闭合性胰腺损伤,根据胰腺损伤的程度选择合理的手术方式可提高治愈率,降低病死率。     

闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析 2 3年间收治的闭合性胰腺损伤 5 8例的临床资料。结果　行 1次B超检查的阳性诊断率为 5 1.1% ;2次以上B超的阳性率为70 .0 %。行 1次CT检查的阳性诊断率为 65 .0 % ;行 2次以上CT检查的阳性率为 91.3 %。手术治疗3 7例 ,术前诊断 2 5例 ( 67.6% ) ,术中探查诊断 12例 ( 3 2 .4% )。其中I级 10例 ,II级 13例 ,III级 9例 ,IV级 4例 ,V级 1例 ;非手术治疗 2 1例 ,其中I级 11例 ,II级 7例 ,III级 3例。全组死亡 6例 ( 10 .4% ) ,其中非手术治疗组无死亡 ,手术组死亡率为 16.2 % ( 6/ 3 7) ;死亡原因主要为多器官功能衰竭( 5 / 6,83 .3 % )。全组治疗后形成胰腺假性囊肿 11例 ( 19.0 % ) ,其中手术组 3例 ( 8.1% ) ,非手术组8例 ( 3 8.1% )。结论　闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断应结合临床及动态B超、CT检查 ,非手术治疗对无主胰管损伤的闭合性胰腺损伤是一种好的选择 ;手术治疗适于重度闭合性胰腺损伤及伴有腹内脏器合并伤者     

胰腺损伤的外科治疗（附48例报告）

目的 探讨胰腺损伤治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析自2002年4月至2014年10月中国医科大学附属第一医院普通外科收治的48例胰腺损伤病人的临床资料,按美国创伤外科学会（AAST）对胰腺损伤分级,结合影像学资料及术中所见将全部病例分级为：Ⅰ级17例,Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级5例,Ⅴ级1例。7例行非手术治疗。41例行手术治疗：胰腺清创冲洗引流术10例;胰腺破裂修补引流术16例;于外院行脾切除术,后入中国医科大学附属第一医院行胰体胰尾切除术1例;胰体尾切除术5例;保留脾脏胰体尾切除术1例;近端断裂胰腺缝闭,远端胰腺-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术6例;胰十二指肠切除术1例;一期近端胰腺缝闭、远端胰管外引流术,二期胰腺瘘管-空肠或胃吻合术1例。 结果 44例治愈,其中13例出现单种或多种术后并发症。4例因多发创伤死于多器官功能障碍。结论 正确掌握手术时机,合理选择手术方式以及完善的支持治疗是成功治疗胰腺损伤的关键。     

胰腺损伤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析16例胰腺损伤患者的临床资料。结果胰腺损伤属Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级1例;系单纯胰腺损伤3例,合并其他器官损伤13例。术前确诊为胰腺损伤者9例,另7例分别诊断为：脾破裂1例,肝破裂1例,开放性腹部损伤2例,空腔脏器穿孔、弥漫性腹膜炎3例。8例胰腺Ⅰ～Ⅱ级损伤者行清创、缝扎止血及胰腺周围双套管引流术;4例Ⅲ级损伤者行胰体尾切除＋脾切除术;3例Ⅳ级损伤者,行近端胰腺断端缝合、胰管缝扎加胰体尾空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;对1例Ⅴ级损伤者行胰十二指肠切除术。术后发生胰瘘5例;治愈13例,死亡3例。结论早期诊断、及时手术探查以及术中选择合理的手术方式,对降低胰腺损伤的并发症和死亡率和改善胰腺损伤的预后均十分重要。     

胰腺断裂合并主胰管损伤的外科治疗分析

目的 探讨胰腺断裂合并主胰管损伤的手术方式选择和疗效.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月～2009年2月经我院手术治疗的21例胰腺断裂伤患者的临床资料.本组男14例,女7例;平均年龄26岁(9～53岁);开放性损伤8例,闭合性损伤13例;按美国创伤外科医师学会的损伤分级:Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级8例,Ⅴ级5例.18例损伤后12小时内手术治疗,3例延期手术治疗.其中10例行远侧胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;3例行胰头十二指肠切除术;2例行改良十二指肠憩室化手术;3例行胰腺尾部切除术;2例行主胰管吻合内置管引流、胰腺断面缝合;1例行胰腺两侧断端缝扎,后2期手术行远端胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.结果 治愈20例,死亡1例(胰头十二指肠切除术后).发生胰瘘并发症3例,经充分引流、药物治疗治愈. 结论 早期手术探查并贯彻损伤控制性外科理念是提高胰腺断裂伤治疗效果的关键,手术方式要根据分级采取个体化方案.     

严重胰腺外伤的早期处理

目的:探讨严重胰腺外伤的早期处理方法。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月—2015年4月收治的24例胰腺外伤的患者的临床资料。结果:全组24例患者中,I级损伤5例及II级损伤6例均行胰腺坏死组织清除加局部引流术;III级损伤6例均行胰腺体尾部切除术;IV级损伤7例,2例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行局部的清创引流术。全组治愈23例(95.8%),死亡1例(感染性休克),有并发症者15例(62.5%,24例次),其中胰瘘9例,创伤性胰腺炎3例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,感染2例,胆瘘1例,失血性休克1例。结论:应根据损伤程度不断调整治疗方案,选择合理的手术方式和手术时机,胰周的通畅引流和灌洗是严重胰腺外伤治疗成功保证。     

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目的探讨胰腺损伤治疗经验。方法回顾性分析自2002年4月至2014年10月中国医科大学附属第一医院普通外科收治的48例胰腺损伤病人的临床资料,按美国创伤外科学会(AAST)对胰腺损伤分级,结合影像学资料及术中所见将全部病例分级为:Ⅰ级17例,Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级5例,Ⅴ级1例。7例行非手术治疗。41例行手术治疗:胰腺清创冲洗引流术10例;胰腺破裂修补引流术16例;于外院行脾切除术,后入中国医科大学附属第一医院行胰体胰尾切除术1例;胰体尾切除术5例;保留脾脏胰体尾切除术1例;近端断裂胰腺缝闭,远端胰腺-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术6例;胰十二指肠切除术1例;一期近端胰腺缝闭、远端胰管外引流术,二期胰腺瘘管-空肠或胃吻合术1例。结果 44例治愈,其中13例出现单种或多种术后并发症。4例因多发创伤死于多器官功能障碍。结论正确掌握手术时机,合理选择手术方式以及完善的支持治疗是成功治疗胰腺损伤的关键。     

闭合性胰腺损伤49例诊治分析

目的 总结闭合性胰腺损伤的诊治经验.方法 分析1995-2010年闭合性胰腺损伤49例临床资料.结果 本组通过B超、CT检查明确诊断27例,手术探查发现21例,漏诊1例.非手术治疗5例,胰腺清创缝合引流26例,胰体尾部切除术8例,胰腺头断端包埋、远端胰腺空肠Roux-Y吻合术4例,十二指肠憩室化3例,胰十二指肠切除术3例.治愈46例,死亡3例,并发胰腺假性囊肿9例,胰漏7例.结论 CT检查及剖腹探查仍是诊断胰腺损伤的重要手段,胰腺损伤的部位、程度及有无主胰管损伤是决定是否手术及术式选择的主要依据,正确的围手术期处理可减少并发症.     

严重复杂的胰腺创伤临床处理探讨

目的 总结严重复杂性胰腺损伤的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析21例的临床资料.其中男14例,女7例;年龄9～53岁,平均26岁;损伤分级:Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级8例,V级5例.主要诊断方法有淀粉酶测定、B超、CT、ERCP和MRCP等.均采取手术治疗,10例行远侧胰腺空肠Rouxen-Y吻合术;3例行胰头十二指肠切除术;2例行改良十二指肠憩室化手术;3例行胰腺尾部切除术;2例行胰腺断面缝合、主胰管内置管外引流;1例行胰腺两侧断端缝扎,后二期手术行远端胰腺空肠吻合术.结果 术前诊断明确11例,术中确诊10例.18例损伤后12 h内手术治疗,3例延期手术治疗.治愈20例,病死1例(胰头十二指肠切除术后).发生胰瘘并发症3例,经充分引流、药物治疗治愈.结论 胰腺严重创伤的诊断率仍较低,早期应积极剖腹探查弥补术前诊断的不足,手术方式要根据分级采取个体化方案,贯彻损伤控制性外科理念,不宜盲目扩大手术.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的治疗：附17例报告

目的：探讨CT检查和术中探查在胰腺实性假乳头肿瘤(SPTP)手术方式选择中的应用价值。
方法：回顾性分析10年间福建医科大学附属第一医院等4所医院手术所治17例SPTP患者的临床资料,分析术前CT判断、术中探查发现与术后病理学结果的关系。
结果：术前CT检查和术中探查能够较准确地判断肿瘤的大小、位置、侵袭生长情况;所有患者均接受了手术治疗,其中局部肿瘤切除术8例、胰尾切除术1例、胰体尾切除加脾切除术6例以及胰十二指肠切除术2例,17.6%的患者发生胰瘘等术后并发症,平均随访19.3个月未发现肿瘤复发。
结论：胰腺实性假乳头肿瘤手术切除率高,手术术式的选择应依据术前CT等影像检查和术中探查对肿瘤性质、大小、部位、包膜是否完整和是否侵及周围组织的判断,完整的肿瘤切除治疗能够获得良好预后。     

Management of blunt major pancreatic injury

BACKGROUND: Major duct injury is the principal determinant of outcome for patients with pancreatic trauma, and there are a number of therapeutic choices available specific to the location of the insult. We report a series of blunt major pancreatic injury cases, with a review of the different procedures used and a discussion of the results. METHODS: A total of 48 cases of blunt major pancreatic injury treated during a 10-year period at one trauma center were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnosis and assessment of injury severity were based on imaging studies and proved by surgical findings. Charts were reviewed to establish the mechanism of injury, surgical indications and imaging studies, management strategy, and outcome. RESULTS: Of the 32 grade III patients, 19 underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, 8 had pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen, and 2 received a pancreatic duct stent, with the remaining 3 individuals undergoing nonsurgical treatment, pancreaticojejunostomy, and drainage alone, respectively. The grade III complication rate was 60.6%. Of the 14 grade IV patients, 4 underwent drainage alone because of the severity of the associated injuries, 4 underwent pancreaticojejunostomy, 3 had distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and 1 underwent distal pancreatectomy. The two remaining patients received a pancreatic duct stent. The grade IV complication rate was 53.8%. The Whipple procedure was performed for two grade V patients; one died subsequently. For all 48 patients, intraabdominal abscess was the most common morbidity (n = 11) followed, in order of prevalence, by major duct stricture (n = 4), pancreatitis (n = 2), pseudocyst (n = 2), pancreatic fistula (n = 1), and biliary fistula (n = 1). All stented cases developed complications, with one dying and three experiencing major duct stricture. CONCLUSION: The complication rate for our cases of blunt major pancreatic injury was high (62.2%), especially when treatment was delayed more than 24 hours; the same result was also noted for cases transferred from other institutions. Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation had a lower complication rate (22.2%) compared with other procedures and is suggested for grade III and grade IV injuries. Magnetic resonance pancreatography was unreliable early after injury but was effective in the chronic stage. Although pancreatic duct stenting can be used to treat posttraumatic pancreatic fistula and pseudocyst, the major duct stricture in the chronic stage of recovery and the risk of sepsis in the acute stage must be overcome.     

B超引导下穿刺置管引流治疗创伤性胰腺假性囊肿

目的：探讨B超引导下穿刺置管引流对创伤性胰腺假性囊肿（TPP）的治疗效果。
方法：回顾性分析45例TPP患者的临床资料及B超引导下穿刺置管引流的方法及效果。
结果：全组45例中腹部外伤40例,医源性创伤5例。TPP在伤后或术后6~60 d(平均31d)发现。TPP最长径5~13［平均（9.2±2.3）cm］。囊液淀粉酶均＞1 000 U/L。45例均行B超引导T穿刺置管引流治疗。引流时间7~86 d,(平均37 d)。引流液体20~500 mL/d。41例（91.1%）引流治疗治愈。4例（8.9%）引流量每天维持在100~200 mL,2周后行ERCP检查提示主胰管断裂,改用手术治疗治愈。45例均随访3~12个月（平均8个月）,无不适症状。B超、CT检查无囊肿复发。
结论：B超引导下穿刺置管引流是处理TPP的一种简单、有效的方法,大部分患者可获得理想的效果。     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断与治疗：附22 例报告

目的：总结胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗经验。 方法：回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年12月收治的22例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤患者的临床资料。 结果：22例中男4例,女18例;年龄16~74（平均47.0）岁。患者多以腹痛腹胀等非特异性症状就诊,部分无症状。超声诊断灵敏度为86.3%（19/22）,CT诊断灵敏度为93.8%（15/16）,MRI诊断灵敏度为100%（12/12）。患者均接受手术治疗及病理检查证实,其中5例行胰十二指肠切除术,1例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,2例行胰腺中段切除术,3例行胰体尾切除术,5例行胰体尾及脾切除术,2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾及脾切除术,4例行胰腺肿瘤局部剜除术。全组无围手术期死亡,术后5例发生胰瘘,1例发生胰腺残端出血,1例发生胃排空延迟,均经保守治疗后好转出院。随访10个月至6年,均未发现肿瘤复发。 结论：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤多见于中老年女性,超声、CT及MRI诊断价值高,手术是安全有效的治疗方法。     

The role of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in blunt abdominal trauma

The diagnosis of pancreatic injury is often difficult because it lies retroperitoneally in a protected area. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic trauma can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (ERP) is infrequently used in the diagnosis of pancreatic injury. We reviewed our experience with the use of ERP in patients with blunt pancreatic injury. Two stable patients with traumatic pancreatitis underwent ERP shortly after injury. CT scans revealed a transverse fracture of the distal pancrease in one and fluid accumulation in the other around the pancreas extending to the right kidney and left hepatic lobe. The absence of ductal disruption on ERP allowed nonoperative management of the pancreatitis. Resolution was documented by the absence of symptoms on regular oral intake, normal serum amylase levels, and normal follow-up CT scans. A third patient with persistent fistulae three months postinjury underwent preoperative ERP revealing ductal obstruction. This facilitated the planning of a distal pancreatectomy and subsequently the fistulae healed. A fourth patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy on the basis of clinical and CT scan findings that could have been circumvented with preoperative ERP. ERP in selected patients allows nonoperative treatment in the absence of ductal injury or earlier operative treatment of ductal injury. It also aids the treatment of late complications by delineating ductal anatomy.     

胰腺外伤的处理经验——附45例报告

【摘要】 目的 探讨胰腺损伤的处理经验。方法 回顾性分析我院及佛山市第一人民医院近10年来收治的45例胰腺外伤患者的临床资料,其中对12例Ⅰ级损伤患者行保守治疗,4例Ⅰ级损伤患者行介入超声治疗;另外29例患者则选择外科手术治疗,其中行单纯手术引流6例,清创修补引流11例,胰尾或胰体尾切除术4例,右半肝联合远端胰腺加脾切除1例,近端胰腺关闭、远端胰腺行胰胃吻合2例,胰十二指肠切除4例,肝、胆总管、十二指肠、胰修补加胃及空肠造瘘1例。结果 全组治愈43例,2例死与多脏器功能衰竭,胰瘘4例,12指肠瘘1例,均经保守治疗后痊愈。结论 根据胰腺外伤的不同位置和程度,选择合适的处理方法有利于提高胰腺外伤的治愈率,减少并发症的发生率。     

Pancreatic transection from blunt abdominal trauma: early versus delayed diagnosis and surgical management

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pancreatic trauma is relatively uncommon, but carries high morbidity and mortality rates, especially when diagnosis is delayed or inappropriate surgery is attempted. PATIENT MATERIAL: The clinical course and surgical management of 14 patients with distal pancreatic transection or severe laceration with or without main pancreatic duct (MPD) injury caused by blunt abdominal trauma were analyzed in a university teaching hospital. The average age of the 14 patients (12 male, 2 female) was 28.9 years (range 5-56). Six patients had isolated pancreatic trauma, and intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal (mean 0.8) injuries associated with pancreatic transection were seen in the other 8 patients. RESULTS: Nine patients were diagnosed and operated on within the first 24 h. Eight of them underwent transection of the gland with MPD injury; distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed in 3 and without splenectomy in 2, distal pancreatogastrostomy in 1, and - due to associated duodenal laceration and/or contusion of the pancreatic head - pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in 2. In 1 case (grade II laceration) only external drainage was necessary. All the patients with early, correctly diagnosed parenchymal and ductal injury survived. Only 1 patient required reoperation due to haemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy. The other 5 cases were referred elsewhere after initial treatment, and all of them underwent some kind of external drainage. Three had undetected MPD injury, and in the other 2 cases the parenchymal lesions were either underestimated or missed. All of these cases required subsequent resection (1), internal drainage due to fistula (2), or drainage of developed abscess (2). Three of them had severe septic and pulmonary complications; 1 patient with MPD injury was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Patients requiring delayed surgical intervention after an unsuccessful period of observation or a subsequent operation due to undetected MPD injury demonstrated a higher rate of pancreas-specific mortality and morbidity.     

严重十二指肠损伤的治疗

目的探讨严重十二指肠损伤的治疗方法。方法回顾8年间手术治疗的严重十二指肠损伤和胰腺损伤38例患者的临床资料。结果十二指肠憩室化手术8例,5例痊愈,2例肠瘘,死亡1例。胰十二指肠切除9例,3例痊愈,胰瘘6例其中死亡3例。十二指肠直接修补或补片修补16例,13例痊愈,2例发生肠瘘,死亡1例。5例十二指肠修补+胰头切除胰腺空肠吻合(保留十二指肠的胰头切除),4例痊愈,1例胰瘘;其中3例行胰腺空肠捆绑吻合患者,无胰瘘发生,均痊愈出院。结论大部分十二指肠损伤可行十二指肠直接修补或补片修补加可靠的十二指肠和空肠造瘘术;对合并严重胰头部损伤者可在上述手术基础上行保留十二指肠的胰头切除,可获得比较满意的效果。不要轻易使用十二指肠憩室化手术和胰十二指肠切除手术。