经Wiltse入路椎弓根钉复位固定结合伤椎植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的近期疗效评价

目的探讨经Wiltse入路椎弓根钉复位固定结合伤椎植骨术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析诊治的胸腰段脊柱单发椎体骨折33例,其中经传统入路椎弓根钉复位内固定组14例,经Wiltse入路椎弓根钉复位固定结合伤椎植骨组19例。结果经Wiltse入路组术中出血量、术后引流量及术后48 h VAS评分均明显低于经传统入路组;经Wiltse入路组手术时间较经传统入路组手术时间延长;术后Cobb角恢复情况2组无明显差异,但术后6个月复查发现常规入路手术组伤椎椎体高度有不同程度下降。结论经Wiltse入路椎弓根钉复位固定结合伤椎植骨术能很好地恢复并维持椎体高度,减少术中出血并减轻术后疼痛。     

两种手术方法治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

正胸腰椎骨折多采取后路复位内固定。传统后路手术方法为后正中入路跨伤椎4钉双平面复位固定,广泛剥离椎旁肌,损伤大,复位困难、不理想。为解决以上问题,近年来,肌间隙入路、伤椎置钉技术、经椎弓根椎体内植骨技术逐渐应用于胸腰椎骨折。本文选择2013-03-2015-06笔者收治41例无神经症状的胸腰椎骨折患者,随机分成两组,分别采取肌间隙入路伤椎植骨内固定和传统后路双平面椎弓根钉固定     

经椎旁肌间隙入路钉棒固定并伤椎植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路钉棒固定并伤椎植骨治疗无神经损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法对95例无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折患者均采用经椎旁肌间隙入路螺钉固定,伤椎经椎弓根异体骨植骨手术方法。术前、术后和随访期间均摄X线片,检测椎体高度丢失情况以及Cobb角度变化,观察骨折愈合和术后并发症情况。结果手术时间100～150min,术中出血量100～250ml。95例均获随访,时间12～24个月,骨折均获得愈合。术后椎体高度恢复满意,矢状面畸形矫正,无明显的后凸角和高度丢失。6例螺帽松动。结论经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨治疗DenisB型骨折手术时间短,并发症少,疗效良好。     

Wiltse肌间隙入路与传统入路治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较

[目的]比较Wiltse肌间隙入路与传统入路伤椎置钉内固定治疗无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2012年2月～2015年8月收治的87例单节段胸腰椎骨折患者,其中采用Wiltse肌间隙入路伤椎置钉6钉椎弓根钉-棒内固定47例,采用传统4钉椎弓根钉-棒固定40例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量,术后1周、1年及2年伤椎矢状面Cobb角、末次随访腰背部疼痛VAS评分、ODI评分情况。[结果]87例患者手术顺利完成,未发生严重并发症。两组在手术时间上差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但Wiltse组术中失血量与术后引流量均少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者获得12～36个月随访,平均(23.13±8.15)个月。末次随访时,Wiltse组的VAS评分明显小于传统组,两组间差异有统计学意义[(3.13±1.85)vs(4.93±1.98),P0.05]。Wiltse组的ODI明显小于传统组,两组间差异有统计学意义[(9.30±3.20)vs(12.20±3.11),P0.05]。术后1周两组后突Cobb角的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但术后1年、2年时Wiltse组的后突Cobb角显著小于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]与传统后路内固定术相比,Wiltse肌间隙入路联合伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定减少了术中损伤,有效复位和维持复位更好,是治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折更好的方法。     

椎旁肌间隙入路并伤椎单侧置钉治疗不稳定型胸腰椎骨折

正对于不稳定型胸腰椎骨折,手术常采用后路切开复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定术。传统的手术入路需广泛剥离椎旁肌,有出血多、术后腰背痛发生率高的缺点,近年来主要的改进在于经皮微创椎弓根技术及椎旁肌间隙入路置钉技术。另外,传统的螺钉固定方式常选择伤椎相邻椎体置钉,术后即刻稳定性差,有内固定失效及伤椎高度丢失的风     

椎旁肌间隙入路与传统入路椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的比较肌间隙入路和传统入路椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法自2009—06—2012—01选择45例胸腰椎骨折随机分为肌间隙组和传统组,分别自椎旁肌间隙和后正中入路进行椎弓根钉内固定。结果肌间隙组在术中出血量、术后引流量、术后48h VAS评分以及术后10个月JOA评分等方面优于传统组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用椎旁肌间隙入路内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

后路四钉与六钉椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较

目的比较附加伤椎的六钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定与跨伤椎的四钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果。方法2008年11月至2011年9月,选择50例胸腰椎骨折患者随机给予附加伤椎的六钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定手术（18例,六钉组）和跨越伤椎的四钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定手术（32例,四钉组）,对两组患者围手术期相关指标、后凸畸形矫正情况、术后神经功能恢复、腰背痛改善等进行比较。结果六钉组与四钉组相比。手术切口长度、手术时问、术中出血量、术后引流量、输血量、术后住院时间、术后使用止痛药的比例,以及术后手术伤口疼痛VAS评分、术后并发症等均无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05）。两组术前与术后影像学比较,矢状位后凸Cobb角、伤椎自身成角、伤椎椎体前缘高度均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。六钉组术后Cobb’s角、伤椎自身成角、伤椎前缘高度的改善程度与四钉组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,随访期间两组内固定失败率（椎弓根螺钉松动、断裂）、术后矫正度丢失、术后神经功能恢复、腰背痛改善差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论附加伤椎的六钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定与跨越伤椎的四钉经椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果相当。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定联合伤椎置钉治疗对骨折患者骨代谢及创伤因子的影响

目的 探究两种入路的椎体螺钉内固定术分别联合伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果及其对患者骨代谢标志物与创伤因子的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2022年1月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者72例，按照手术方式的不同将其分为A组（n=36）和B组（n=36）。A组给予肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合伤椎置钉治疗，B组给予棘突旁入路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合伤椎置钉治疗。比较两组患者围术期指标、Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度比（AVHR）、疼痛程度、伤椎功能、骨代谢指标及创伤因子水平。结果 A组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间均显著少于B组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后Cobb角、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分、抗酒石酸酸性膦酸酶5b(TRACPsb)水平与术前比较均显著降低（P<0.05），且A组显著低于B组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后AVHR、骨钙素（OC）、骨保护素（OPG）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌红蛋白（Myo）、肌酸激酶（CK）水平与术前比较均显著升高（P<0.05），且A组AVHR、OC、OPG水平显著高于B组（P<...     

经Wiltse肌间隙入路伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的疗效

目的探讨经Wiltse肌间隙入路伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的效果。方法将33例无神经症状的胸腰段脊柱骨折患者根据手术入路及内固定方式的不同分为3组:经Wiltse肌间隙入路伤椎置钉组(A组,11例);经Wiltse肌间隙入路伤椎不置钉组(B组,11例);经后正中入路伤椎不置钉组(C组,11例)。比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后Cobb角矫正率、术后椎体坍塌矫正率及术后疼痛VAS评分。结果33例患者均获得随访,时间12～16. 5个月。骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间5～9个月。均未出现钉棒系统松动、断裂。手术时间、术中出血量及末次随访时VAS评分A、B组均优于C组(P 0. 05)。末次随访时,患者Cobb角及椎体坍塌矫正率A组优于B、C组(P 0. 05)。结论经Wiltse肌间隙入路治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折具有手术操作简单、术中出血量减少、手术时间缩短、术后腰疼症状较轻等优势;结合伤椎置钉能有效维持椎体复位,加强伤椎的稳定性,减小后凸畸形。     

3种椎弓根螺钉置钉方式治疗无神经损伤的胸腰椎压缩骨折疗效比较

目的比较经皮、经椎旁肌间隙(Wiltse入路)与传统开放3种椎弓根螺钉置钉方式治疗无神经损伤的胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效。方法将148例单椎、无神经损伤的胸腰椎骨折(AO分型A型)患者根据手术方式不同分为A组(采用经皮椎弓根置钉,67例)、B组(采用Wiltse入路置钉,45例)、C组(采用传统开放置钉,36例)。比较3组手术情况、疼痛VAS评分及影像学参数。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~24个月。手术时间3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中出血量A、B组少于C组(P<0.05),X线透视次数A组多于B、C组(P<0.05)。术后1周及末次随访时,伤椎后凸Cobb角A组大于B、C组(P<0.05),伤椎前缘高度百分比A组低于B、C组(P<0.05)。术后3个月腰痛VAS评分A、B组低于C组(P<0.05)。结论3种椎弓根螺钉置钉方式均是治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的有效方法,经皮椎弓根置钉和Wiltse入路置钉具有创伤小、患者恢复快、术后腰部疼痛程度轻的优点,但经皮椎弓根置钉术中医患放射线曝露时间长,椎体高度恢复及后凸角度恢复略差。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.