腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的治疗

目的 总结腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair,EVAR)后髂支闭塞患者的病因、治疗选择,并评价治疗结果.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年12月收治的305例患者的临床资料,所有患者使用分叉支架型血管,术后6例男性患者的髂支(1.97％)在EVAR术后0～36个月发生闭塞.其中4例患者出现髂支移植物扭曲,出现扭曲的3个分支中全部发生血栓形成.临床表现为1例患者出现静息痛；4例患者出现跛行；另1例患者无症状.治疗:1例患者采用取栓+股-股旁路；1例采用髂支封堵+股-股旁路；4例患者采用取栓+支架植入.结果 6例患者手术均成功,静息痛和跛行症状消失.6例患者随访时间为6 ～18个月,平均(10±8)个月.5例患者无下肢缺血症状发生,1例患者术后半年跛行症状再次加重,行下肢动脉球囊扩张+支架植入术治疗后症状消失.结论 髂动脉扭曲可能是EVAR术后髂支闭塞的重要因素.外科旁路手术和血管腔内治疗是治疗EVAR术后发生的髂支闭塞有效和安全的方法.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的腔内处理

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR)术后髂支闭塞的腔内再手术效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月～2023年3月6例EVAR术后髂支闭塞的资料。均行同侧股动脉切开Fogaty取栓、髂支球囊扩张,其中3例联合支架植入,1例联合Rotarex腘动脉取栓。结果 6例髂支闭塞再通率100%(6/6)。术后中位随访时间24个月(6～48个月)。5例术后下肢缺血症状消失(Rutherford 0级),1例膝下缺血、干性坏疽(RutherfordⅢ级)。结论对于EVAR术后髂支闭塞,需仔细分析原因,选择个体化腔内治疗方案。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支支架内闭塞的危险因素分析

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)后髂支支架内闭塞的危险因素。方法:收集2011年1月—2015年12月行EVAR的腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料,采用1:3配比病例对照方法,每个发生髂支支架内闭塞的病例随机选择3例同性别、年龄±3岁、使用同厂家的同种类型支架未发生髂支支架内闭塞的患者为对照,对EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞危险因素行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:共495例腹主动脉瘤患者行EVAR,11例(2.2%)发生髂支支架内闭塞。术后发生髂支支架内闭塞的平均时间为2~20周。单因素分析显示,术前髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°(P=0.001),术前髂动脉狭窄≥50%(P=0.002),髂支支架远端口径放大率15%(P=0.004)等因素与EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞有关;Logistics回归分析显示,以上述因素均为EVAR后髂支支架内闭塞的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:术前根据髂动脉解剖特性严格制定计划,选择合适的支架口径是减少术后髂支内闭塞的关键。应识别高危人群,针对可控因素采取预防措施,以避免及减少术后支架内闭塞的发生。     

动脉取栓联合支架植入术治疗长段髂动脉闭塞

目的 探讨动脉取栓联合支架植入术治疗长段髂动脉闭塞的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2007年10月动脉取栓联合支架植入术治疗长段髂动脉闭塞26例患者的临床资料.结果 24例患者成功行动脉取栓联合支架植入术,2例由于动脉管腔完全硬化闭塞而无法行介入手术,成功率为92.3%.有3例同时行对侧髂动脉支架植入术.术后患者症状均有明显改善或消失,围手术期无死亡.踝肱指数(ABI)平均增加0.52.随访时间4～30(平均22)个月.4例患者分别于术后25天、40天及12个月、21个月再次出现下肢缺血症状,给予对症治疗后症状改善.结论 动脉取栓联合支架植入术治疗长段髂动脉闭塞安全、疗效肯定,但应掌握其适应证,远期疗效需进一步观察.     

腔内修复术在复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤中的应用

目的:探讨对于复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)行腔内修复(EVAR)治疗的操作要点和治疗效果。方法:回顾行EVAR治疗的15例复杂型肾下AAA患者的临床资料,分析术中操作要点和临床结局。结果:手术技术成功率为100%,无中转开腹病例,1例(6.67%)术后5 d死于急性心衰。瘤颈成角过大2例患者均使用肱-股双导丝技术完成手术;髂动脉狭窄患者7例,4例利用肱-股双导丝技术及球囊扩张后置入支架,其余经球囊扩张完成操作;1例左髂动脉闭塞的患者采用对侧髂动脉进入导丝通过闭塞段完成手术;8例重度扭曲患者通过超硬导丝将扭曲段纠正后释放支架。术中无瘤体破裂、血管穿孔及医源性血管夹层等严重并发症出现。随访期间,1例患者术后2年出现腰椎结核,死于多脏器功能衰竭;内漏3例,二次手术干预1例。结论:随着经验的积累,技术的进步及支架的不断完善,EVAR治疗复杂型肾下AAA是可行、有效的。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎合并动脉硬化闭塞导致下肢缺血的手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thmmboangiitis obliterans,TAO)合并动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年治疗的TAO合并ASO 6例患者的资料.2例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-胭动脉人工血管-小腿动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,1例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-右股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-膝下胭动脉人工血管旁路移植术;1例行左髂总动脉-左股深动脉人工血管旁路移植一胫前动脉自体大隐静脉原位移植术,1例行左侧人工血管切开取栓+左股深动脉成形-膝下腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术,1例行右股总动脉-左股总动脉人工血管旁路移植-胫后动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.结果 5例患者术后恢复顺利,1例于术后当天出现股动脉-腘动脉人工血管和远段的大隐静脉桥血栓形成,立即再次手术行人工血管和大隐静脉切开取栓术,并同时行胫后动静脉吻合.6例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例.5例患者的下肢远端静息痛完全缓解,1例部分缓解.足部溃疡的2例创面明显缩小,无感染发生.所有患者得到随访,平均随访为6.5个月,3例足部溃疡愈合.1例术后3个月出现左股部切口感染,最终行膝上截肢处理,残端一期愈合.其他5例患者的移植血管通畅,症状缓解.结论 对TAO合并ASO患者如果手术治疗方式恰当,可以取得比较好的疗效.     

多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗及手术治疗体会

目的 总结一侧髂动脉闭塞合并下肢动脉长段闭塞患者治疗的临床效果.方法 对于一侧髂动脉同时合并下肢动脉长段闭塞的多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,间歇跛行距离小于50m或有静息痛者采用髂动脉支架或联合血管旁路术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症32例.结果 行髂动脉病变段球囊扩张及内置支架术29例36枚支架,3例髂动脉介入治疗失败,行股浅动脉病变段支架置入3例,行股-腘动脉膝上血管旁路术13例,行膝下血管旁路术2例,3例髂动脉支架治疗失败者2例行股-股动脉耻骨上旁路术,1例放弃治疗.介入治疗及手术治疗均取得成功.随访3～36个月,3例患者因肿瘤或急性心肌梗塞死亡,大部分患者临床症状消失.1例股浅动脉支架1个月后闭塞,后因肢体严重缺血截肢.3例股-腘旁路血管闭塞,1例接受取栓手术好转,1例截肢,1例无静息痛间歇跛行距离大于50m应用药物治疗.结论 支架置入或联合血管旁路术是治疗多节段下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的安全有效方法 .     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的危险因素分析

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复手术(endovascular repair,EVAR)后髂支闭塞的危险因素。方法对2008年1月至2018年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院诊治的146例腹主动脉瘤EVAR病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按髂支闭塞情况分为闭塞组和非闭塞组,在单因素分析后,行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果146例病人术后髂支闭塞17例(11.6%),两组间差异有检验效应(P<0.05)的因素为:合并高脂血症、慢性支气管炎,中性粒细胞百分比,活化部分凝血活酶时间,凝血酶比率,手术入路为切开显露,手术时间(min),右髂总动脉直径分层(≤12 mm、12~16 mm、≥16 mm),髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%,髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°,术后髂动脉流出道狭窄,髂内动脉流出道闭塞,支架远端延伸到髂外动脉。行多因素Logistic回归分析,EVAR术后髂支闭塞危险因素(OR>1)为:髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%[OR=7.727,95%CI(1.045,57.149),P=0.045];髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°[OR=5.258,95%CI(1.055,26.198),P=0.043];术后髂动脉流出道狭窄[OR=10.099,95%CI(1.156,88.257),P=0.037];手术入路为切开显露[OR=15.121,95%CI(1.841,124.197),P=0.011]。结论髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%、髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°、术后髂动脉流出道狭窄是肾下型腹主动脉瘤病人EVAR术后髂支闭塞独立危险因素。     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）及血管内支架植入术治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞的应用价值。方法 66例髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞患者,患肢均有不同程度的缺血症状,均采用PTA和（或）支架植入术进行介入治疗,分别于治疗前、后测定踝/肱指数（ABI）。结果 66例患者成功完成介入治疗,共植入支架73枚,其中髂动脉植入27枚,股浅动脉植入32枚,髂-股动脉植入14枚,无严重并发症发生。术后患者患肢缺血症状明显减轻或消失。ABI由术前0.39±0.12上升至0.72±0.15,术后随访3～24个月（平均15个月）,10例患者因复发而再次接受介入治疗。结论 PTA及血管内支架植入术,因其创伤小、可重复性高、疗效显著等特点已成为治疗髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞的有效手段。     

小球囊预扩张联合导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成

目的 观察以小球囊预扩张联合导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成的价值。方法 纳入33例接受小球囊预扩张联合经导管溶栓治疗及血管成形术的单侧髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成患者,其中14例病变仅累及髂动脉、8例仅累及股动脉、11例同时累及髂股动脉;记录治疗情况及随访资料,包括临床症状、下肢动脉彩超及CT血管造影。结果 33例均治疗成功,经导管溶栓时间为3(2,4)天,25例血栓完全溶解、8例血栓部分溶解;溶栓后22例接受单纯球囊扩张、11例接受球囊扩张+支架植入术;治疗后复查数字减影血管造影示33例靶血管及膝下流出道血流均通畅。共随访(19.5±8.2)个月,期间7例出现下肢动脉再闭塞,经二次球囊扩张及植入支架后恢复通畅;无截肢及死亡病例。结论 小球囊预扩张联合经导管溶栓治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症伴急性血栓形成具有较高价值。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。     

外周性假性动脉瘤的治疗：附29例报告

目的:探讨不同类型外周性假性动脉瘤(PSA)的有效治疗方式。方法:回顾性分析2011年3月—2015年12月收治的29例外周性PSA患者的临床资料。11例股动脉PSA中,9例采用瘤体清除、动脉结扎,2例行动脉转流术;4例肱动脉和2例桡动脉PSA采用瘤体清除、动脉修补;2例胫后动脉PSA、2例脾动脉PSA、3例髂内动脉PSA、1例肠系膜动脉PSA、2例颈外动脉PSA均采用弹簧圈栓塞;2例髂外动脉PSA采用覆膜支架治疗。结果:所有患者术后瘤腔完全闭塞,1例股动脉PSA术后出现肢体缺血、坏死,二期行截肢手术,1例感染性颈外动脉PSA术后死于咯血,其余患者疗效满意。结论:针对不同病因、不同部位的外周性PSA,选择适宜的治疗方式,有助于获得较好的疗效。     

急性下肢动脉缺血的手术治疗和术后并发症的防治：附32例报告

摘要：目的 探讨急性下肢动脉缺血的有效治疗措施及并发症的防治方法。方法 回顾性分析32例急性下肢动脉缺血患者的诊治经验。4例行非手术治疗，28例行急诊手术，其中25例行股动脉切开Fogarty 导管取栓术（7例同时行血管成型术），3例取栓后行截肢术。结果 非手术组死亡1例，手术组无死亡病例。3例截肢，28例肢体得以保存。 结论 急诊股动脉切开取栓术为治疗急性下肢动脉缺血的首选治疗方案。该方法有助于降低病死率和截肢率。     

Minimally invasive retrieval of a dislodged Wallstent endoprosthesis after an endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is being performed more frequently in patients with concomitant iliac artery occlusive disease. We report a case of a 70-year-old male status post angioplasty and stenting of bilateral iliac arteries for occlusive disease who subsequently underwent EVAR for a rapidly expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). One month after the placement of the endograft, it was discovered that the previously placed Wallstent had been dislodged during the endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Minimally invasive retrieval using an Amplatz Goose Neck Snare was successful in recovering the stent. This case underscores the danger of performing EVAR in the setting of prior iliac artery stenting and the potential complications that may ensue.     

Femoral-femoral stabilizing buddy wire for embolization of the internal iliac artery

Internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization is performed in a variety of clinical scenarios, most commonly in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with an iliac artery aneurysm or inadequate distal landing zone. In these patients, IIA embolization with iliac limb extension is often performed. While IIA embolization can be routinely performed with either ipsilateral or contralateral femoral arterial access, it can be challenging in some patients with an acutely angulated aortic or iliac bifurcation and in patients with short or ectatic common iliac arteries. In this select group of patients with difficult anatomy, IIA embolization can be challenging and may lead to increased radiation exposure and contrast administration. Having a sheath precisely positioned and stabilized at the internal iliac artery origin will facilitate embolization of the IIA. This report describes a novel technique in which crossover femoral-femoral artery buddy wire placement achieves stable positioning of large sheaths for concurrent IIA embolization at the time of EVAR.     

Ischemic complications after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

OBJECTIVES: Limb and pelvic ischemia are known complications after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The objective of this paper is to present our experience with the incidence, presentation, and management of such complications. METHODS: Over 9 years 311 patients with aortic aneurysms underwent EVAR. A retrospective review identified 28 patients (9.0%) with ischemic complications. RESULTS: Among 28 patients with ischemic complications, 21 had lower extremity ischemia and 7 had pelvic ischemia: colon (n = 4), buttock (n = 2), and spinal cord (n = 2). Of the 21 patients with lower extremity ischemia, 15 had limb occlusions (71.4%), 3 due to embolization (14.7%) and 3 the result of common femoral artery thromboses (14.7%). Limb occlusions were manifested as severe acute arterial ischemia (n = 6), rest pain (n = 3), intermittent claudication (n = 5), and decreased femoral pulse (n = 1). Limb occlusions were managed with thrombectomy and stent placement (n = 4), femorofemoral bypass (n = 7), eventual explantation because of persistent endoleak (n = 1), and expectant management (n = 3). The 3 patients with occlusions managed expectantly all had intermittent claudication, which has subsequently improved. In the 6 patients with lower extremity ischemia due to embolization or common femoral artery injury presentation was acute, and embolectomy was performed, followed by femoral artery endarterectomy and patch angioplasty or placement of an interposition graft. One patient who had a prolonged postoperative course including cardiac arrest subsequently required distal bypass and ultimately above- knee amputation. Among the 7 patients with pelvic ischemia, 2 patients had unilateral hypogastric artery embolization before the original surgery. Among the patients with colonic ischemia, 3 were seen immediately postoperatively, and required colectomy and colostomy. Two patients who required urgent colectomy subsequently had multiple organ failure, and died in the perioperative period. One patient had abdominal pain 1 week after surgery, which was managed with bowel rest, with subsequent improvement. In 2 patients spinal cord ischemia developed immediately after surgery, which resulted in persistent paraplegia. Buttock ischemia developed in 2 patients, 1 of whom required fasciotomy because of gluteal compartment syndrome, and had transient renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic complications are not uncommon after EVAR, and may exceed the incidence with open surgical repair. Limb ischemia is most often a result of limb occlusion, and can be successfully managed with standard interventions. Pelvic ischemia often results from atheroembolization despite preservation of hypogastric arterial circulation. Colonic and spinal ischemia are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality.     

杂交技术在治疗TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用

目的：总结杂交技术在治疗TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病的治疗经验。 方法：回顾性分析2009年10月—2013年12月间采用杂交技术治疗的22例TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病患者（24条肢体）的临床资料,其中采用髂动脉支架植入术+股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）+股深动脉成形术+股腘动脉人工血管旁路术治疗患者12例,采用股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）+股腘动脉人工血管旁路术+胫前动脉、胫后动脉球囊扩张术治疗患者4例,采用Fogarty导管取栓术+髂动脉支架植入术+股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）治疗患者6例。 结果：所有的患者均获得技术上的成功,围手术期无患者死亡,术后患肢疼痛改善,皮温升高,平均踝肱指数从术前的0.38升至术后的0.75。18例患者获随访3~28个月,2例患者术后发生人工血管旁路血栓形成,1例患者术后发生支架内再狭窄,其余患者未发生人工血管或支架相关并发症。 结论：杂交技术微创、安全、有效,是处理TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病的合理选择,尤其适用于无法进行单纯腔内治疗的高危患者。     

Endovascular repair of late abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture owing to mixed-type endoleak following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

We report the successful endovascular repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a multimorbid patient 8 months after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). A 74-year-old man with a history of EVAR 8 months earlier presented with hypotension, severe back pain, and tenderness on abdominal palpation. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma and confirmed the diagnosis of secondary abdominal aortic rupture. Because the patient had severe comorbidities, the endovascular method was chosen for further management. Two stent grafts were placed appropriately to eliminate a type 1a and a type 3 endoleak owing to modular separation of the left iliac graft limb from the main body stent graft. An additional self-expanding stent was deployed in the solitary right renal artery to open its origin, which was partially overlapped by the proximal cuff. The patient was discharged on the tenth postoperative day and is alive and well 1 year postoperatively. This case indicates that endovascular repair is feasible not only in cases of primarily ruptured AAAs but also in secondarily ruptured AAAs after failure of EVAR.